Multiple Slerosis Essay

Multiple sclerosis is known as the disease of the nervous system that affects brain and the spinal cord. Besides that, also defined as a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating diseases of central nervous system. The process occurs whereby the myelin sheath would be damaged and also the materials that surround and protects the nerve cells. Damage of the myelin causes disruption in the communication between brain, spinal cord and other areas of the body. Diagnosing of multiple sclerosis could be difficult, especially during early course as the symptoms often come and go or even disappearing for months. Diagnosis made based on signs and symptoms that would be consistent with demyelinating disease which comprises vascular, infectious, traumatic, autoimmune, metabolic or toxic, idiopathic or genetic, neoplastic and psychiatric.
MRI, cerebrospinal fluid examination and evoked potential recordings are sensitive tests for multiple sclerosis. Clinical evidence of lesions disseminated in time and space backed up by this tests would commonly leave reason for doubt. For example, optic neuritis which appears pathologically similar but propagates in neither time nor space. Optic neuritis means that the optic nerve is affected. Isolated acute optic neuritis is often the first sign of multiple sclerosis and many individuals with multiple sclerosis develop optic neuritis during the disease. Around fifty to seventy percentage of patients with optic neuritis will have other multiple sclerosis lesions on initial MRI. Even one MS lesion in a part of the brain other than the optic nerve increases risk of multiple sclerosis. Optic neuritis is an acute inflammation of one or both of the optic nerves. Its manifestation varies from mild visual blurring or...

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...h causes person’s symptoms to persist. In the other hand, spastic paraparesis, factitious multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, brain and spinal cord tumors and degenerative spine disease are easily distinguished from multiple sclerosis.
Hereditary disease known as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is a maternally transmitted mitochondrial disease. Commonly seen in females which is sometimes indistinguishable from multiple sclerosis due to its symptoms which includes destructive white matter lesions containing macrophages and CD8 T cells, widespread and periventricular white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, abnormal visual evoked potentials, abnormal cerebrospinal fluids. Third-order retinal neurons are the main targets in Leber disease as parallel mitochondrial defect also could make oligodendroglia ,more prone to damage in multiple sclerosis.