Multiple Births
Multiple births are rare in humans with twins as being the most common form of this event. Multiple births can arise in many different combinations of ways but the probability of giving birth to more than one child remains fairly constant when compared to the entire human race. The chances of multiple births can also vary from race and genetic background. Scientist and researchers do not know what the exact cause of these variations is but many of them feel that it is caused by hormone differences between different racial groups and/or the difference in social class.
The prenatal and infant mortality is much higher in multiple pregnancies than in pregnancies that only involves one child. The danger of premature birth also increased with the higher number of offspring that are involved. In many multiple births, not all of the children survived to childhood or were born dead.
Through the advances in technology, the survival rate of infants born in a multiple pregnancy has increased. The first quintuplets, five babies born in a single pregnancy, to survive in medical history were the Dionne quintuplets.
The use of drugs that treat female sterility, or fertility drugs, may increase the chances of giving birth to multiple children. These drugs cause the ovaries to release an egg once a month but in some cases they release more than one egg, sometimes releasing several at a time, increasing the chances of a multiple birth. The drug clomiphene citrate is one of the most widely taken fertility drug and has resulted in the birth of twins about once in every twelve births, much greater than the chances of the birth of natural twins.
Twins are the most common form of a multiple pregnancy. About one in eighty-seven births result in the birth of twins. Twins can be fraternal, also known as dizygotic twins, or identical, also called monozygotic twins, with the birth of identical twins being the rarest, occurring about four times in every thousand births, about one-forth as often as the birth of fraternal twins. This ratio of the birth of twins to the total number of births remains fairly constant but the birth of fraternal twins can alter greatly. Fraternal twins are most common among black African followed by people of European origin.
Asian races originating from the orient are the least likely to give birth to fraternal twins.
The birth of twins can occur in two different ways, the fertilization of a single egg or the fertilization of two eggs. In the case of dizygotic twins, the woman's ovaries release two eggs about the same time instead of one, with
Before we can expect people to alter their perceptions, they must understand what it is. Dyslexia is a learning disability linked to those who struggle with reading. Although, it seems pretty simple, dyslexia is extremely challenging to identify because it is not defined by one specific thing. Moreover, it includes a wide array of difficulties such as: trouble spelling words, reading quickly, writing out words, “sounding out words in” head, pronunciation and comprehension.
these are egg cells and sperms, each with a reduced or halved number of. chromosomes. The chromosomes are. The number of chromosomes is restored when two gametes fuse together to form a zygote. A cell with two copies of each. chromosome is called a diploid cell and a cell with one copy of each.
Too frequently dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia are clumped together and thought to be the same problem. In reality, the three issues are similar but also constitute many of their own distinct complications. Dyslexia is manifested not only in seeing letters backwards and upside down but is the inability to decipher sounds and letters or shapes. “Dyslexia reflects a deficiency in the processing of the distinctive linguistic units, called phonemes, that make up all spoken and written words.” (Shaywitz pg98) This makes it difficult for the child to sound out words phonetically to read fluently; they might also struggle with remembering
This is a subject and disorder near and dear to my heart. My personal experience with dyslexia, with myself and my daughter, has given me great insight into what dyslexia is, what the signs are, and how soon you can detect the potential for problems. It is not always the case that dyslexia is the sole source of reading and reading comprehension difficulties, there are other disorders that can exist at the same time, and this is important to know in order to help students improve their reading abilities. But, dyslexia will not only affect reading abilities and reading comprehension. It can affect writing, spelling, math, memory, listing comprehension, self-esteem, social skills, the ability to understand sarcasm, understanding spatial concepts,
Many of us can identify with struggling at least once during our school years. Imagine struggling every day and in every class just cause your learning strategy is not the same as everyone else. Dyslexia is a specific difficulty with learning how to read or write in nearly 3.5 million American children (Dyslexia Research Trust). This difficulty originates in children who are normally intelligent and receive adequate teaching; however, they are not able to process information as efficiently as regular learners. Dyslexia is an inherited condition, which children inherit from parents or family members. The condition results from abnormal nerve cells usually inherited which make children vulnerable to immune factors affecting brain development and causing deficiency of Omega-3. Dyslexia begins to become a problem when children are learning to read and write but, many children show signs of dyslexia before learning to read Dyslexics have problems concentrating in the classroom, pronouncing words properly and visualizing words. Many individuals often identify dyslexic people as people who...
Dyslexia is one of several distinct learning disabilities. It is a specific language based disorder of constitutional origin characterized by difficulties in single word decoding, usually reflecting insufficient phonological processing abilities. These difficulties in single word decoding are often unexpected in relation to age and other cognitive and academic abilities; they are not the result of generalized developmental disability or sensory impairment. Dyslexia is manifest by ...
Dyslexia is a very common learning disorder that affects more than three million cases reported every year. It can also be referred to as a language based learning disability. Dyslexia is a disability that impairs one’s ability (usually identified in children) to read and interpret different letters/words. It cannot be cured and is generally a lifelong condition but can be treated with therapists/specialists. This disorder does not translate to poor individual intelligence, just simply an individual that struggles in an area of learning. More often than not, this disability can be self diagnosed by an adult. This disorder is the most common learning disability in American children. Although, scientists cannot pinpoint the percentage of children
Have you ever slipped up and said a word completely backwards? Or read the balance in your checkbook with the last number at the beginning? Imagine living every day, struggling to read what you have in front of you. That is what it is like for an individual with dyslexia. A dyslexic individual experience troubles with reading and writing, in which includes letters and numbers. Dyslexia is the impairment in learning to read and write, and is one of the most common learning disabilities among children (Kolb & Whishaw, 2014). Dyslexia affects approximately ten percent of the population (Habib, 200). Therefore dyslexia is coming more and more recognizable than in the past. Dyslexia was first thought of as a vision problem, but as doctors began to notice that there was nothing wrong with children's vision, they began looking at the brain (Kolb & Whishaw, 2014). Doctors began looking at the brains of dyslexic individuals po...
What do people think about when they are asked the question: What is role of a horse? Some may say that horses are for horseback riding or racing, while others may say that horses are for pulling a wagon. What about utilizing the assistance of a horse for psychotherapy? According to McVeigh (2012) equine therapy dates to 600 BC as documented by the Ancient Greeks. In 1875 it was documented that French physician Cassaign verbalized that equine therapy helped to treat certain neurological disorders (McVeigh, 2012). Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) is an emerging and innovative form of psychotherapy that is becoming an increasingly popular treatment for mental health issues (Lee, Dakin, & McLure, 2016).
Millions of Americans show symptoms of dyslexia. However, few people actually realize the causes, effects, fears, and treatments associated with this disorder; making, those who are dyslexic to feel isolated and misunderstood. Dyslexia is defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary as, “a variable often familial learning disability involving difficulties in acquiring and processing language that is typically manifested by a lack of proficiency in reading, spelling, and writing”. This definition only begins to explain this complex disorder and the vast lack of proficiency it causes the human brain.
A male makes one thousand new sperm per second, that is two trillion over a lifetime and they all are one of a kind, very unique. A woman has all her eggs from birth. The process starts out as meiosis, this is where 30,000 genes are then there are forty six chromosomes. Twenty three comes from your mother and twenty three come from your father, they only come together in meiosis in pairs, but they are not the same. Chromosomes make an exact copy of themselves then they condense making an X shape, chromosomes get a partner then embrace. The chromosomes cling close together in big chunks, the cell then divides pulling the pair apart with twenty three chromosomes. The cell alone is incomplete, but holds many promises. Every cell holds di...
When you stop learning, you stop progressing is a message that Ponder has yet to comprehend until he comes face to face with a King Solomon, a man known for his wisdom. Ponder finds himself in the court of King Solomon during the well know judgment over the two mothers who are both claiming that they are the mother to the baby. Ponder watches as King Solomon skillfully defuses the situation by tricking the women to reveal who is the real mother. King Solomon was excepting his arrival and takes Ponder to his throne room. After King Solomon explains that he is fully aware of Ponder’s life and that he knows better than most that everyone struggles. King Solomon makes it clear that the only way to continually move forward with life it to seek knowledge. “Seek wisdom. Wisdom wait to be gathered. She is a gift for the diligent. And only the diligent will find her. Though wisdom is available to many she is found by few. Seek wisdom. Find her, and you will find success and contentment (Andrews 43).” Ponder wants to argue back because he doesn’t have success and contentment in his life now and he believes that he is wise. Once again, he starts to understand that he lacks wisdom because he never pursues more knowledge. There are always
Dyslexia affects people in various different ways at different times in their life. It puts barriers in the way of progress. Those barriers can be overcome with the right kind of help from the right people. Dyslexia is not just a reading problem but also a problem with spelling. Many people with dyslexia have known to become excellent readers. Dyslexia is not only a problem with written words but also spoken words, especially coming up with a specific name or date when working under pressure of time
Once a child becomes school aged and begins to learn how to read, learning disabilities may become apparent. An example of a developmental learning difficulty that affects 5-17% of school-aged children is called dyslexia (Jordan & Dyer, 2017, p. 161). The goal of this paper is to determine how dyslexia is defined, caused, and diagnosed. The paper will also explore implications of dyslexia on a child and how to help a child overcome their disability.
The female reproductive systems is made of 9 parts. The sex cell for the female reproductive system is called the egg or ovum. The egg spends it’s dormant life in the ovaries until it is released. The egg has 23 chromosomes within it. The ovaries have two goals: to create and house eggs and the release the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone. The fallopian tubes are what the egg travels through to reach the uterus. Fallopian tubes contain tiny hair-like structures called cilia; the cilia allows for mobility of the egg. The fallopian tube is roughly the size of 2 hairs, and is the site of where ectopic pregnancies happen. The process of the egg getting released from the ovaries through the fallopian tubes is called ovulation. Ovulation happens on the 14th day of the menstruation cycle The uterus is where the egg goes to after it travels through the fallopian tubes. The developing baby is held and nourished in the uterus. When the uterus is empty, it’s roughly the size of a fist but expands one an embryo starts to develop. The endometrium is the lining of the uterine wall. It’s used to protect the fetus. When the egg isn’t fertilized, menstruation ha...