Mulberry paper
Mulberry paper, known in Thai as “Saa” paper, is Thailand’s traditional handmade decorative paper from the bark of the mulberry tree. It is commonly used in paper craft such as handmade gift boxes, decoration, and traditional paper art.
Mulberry tree bark is harvested
Common across Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, this plant (Broussonetia Papyrifera Vent) is a rapidly growing, and non-cultured flora that fills untended environments. The material of this plant is perfectly sustainable as it is essentially a weed, replacing itself faster than it can be used. Handmade paper is actually the second main use of the mulberry tree since it is used for silkworms as they can only produce quality silk while keeping to a
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The raw paper material has been groomed and selected for consistent texture and color. This step is crucial in the final texture and feel of the paper. In preparation for its coloring, the paper is now immersed in cold water and agitated repeatedly through a blunt thresher to create a granular pulp.
Handmade paper coloring
As the fibers are being crushed and separated, traditional dyes are added into the cold water solution. The color is therefore dyeing the pulp as it is ground into a mash of cellulose so fine that the rich colors come through as close to true and with minimal dilution and variation in the final paper.
Paper making revealed
The Saa paper pulp is then allowed to sit for a few minutes after the agitator is removed from the pulping bin. The ground, dyed fibers then rise to the top and are collected on a light screen that draws out even layers of pulp for the final drying process.
The sun finishes the work
The smooth and evenly-layered pulp is now essentially dissolved cellulose amalgam. The sun, while drying the pulp, evaporates the water in the solution as the trays are exposed on alternating sides, fixing the pulp together into sheets with the natural adhesive that was formed in the pulping process.
Dried screens are
Paper is the staple of my existence (no pun intended). From when I was six and spent my days filling pads with fantastical designs for houses, zoos, and factories, to the present, when I surround myself with sheets bearing drafts of essays on one side and systems of equations on the other, my life has been ruled by this ruled substance — simple, utile, and ubiquitous.
The papermaking process begins with pulp. Pulp is cellulosic fibrous material extracted from cellulosic fiber from wood. Glatfelter uses the Kraft Process to make both hardwood and softwood pulps. Hardwood pulps are taken from oaks, beeches, poplars, birches and eucalyptus tress. They have short fibre of average length of 1 millimeter. The primary purpose of hardwoods is for the paper to achieve bulkiness, smoothness and opacity. Softwood on the other hand is taken from pine and spruce with long fibre averaging 3 millimeters, it provides addition strength to paper. Both softwood and hardwood are produce independently of each other and are mixed end at desire ratio in the paper plant. The process starts from wood chips. Trees are chipped to make wood chips from half an inch to an inch long and up to two fifth inches thick. The chips are feed into a digester, which with cooking liquor would create a chemical reaction, which delignificate the wood. The cooking liquor is composed of white and black liquor. White liquor is composed of mainly sodium hy...
the strands to seperate, then cooled to allow the primers in the solution to b...
After the addition of the media, we insert an aeration tube inside and cover the lid with a cotton plug and start giving them aeration. This preparation has to be put on for 3 days under proper sunlight and 25-30 degree Celsius to observe if the culture is healthy/ potent or not depending on the color each culture portrays (The nanochloropsis culture should have a grass-green color to be seen as potent and the isochrysis culture should have a dark brown color to be seen as potent), if the colors seem dull and light, then that might mean that the culture is impotent.
The paper birch tree is part of the birch plantae. They are most common in north america. They are known for their distinctive bark.It is also easy to identify do to its bark. The bark has a really thin layer that peels off in long strips that look like paper. Its bark has inspired some really famous painters in some of their work."Nature WalkBirch."NatureWalkBirch.N.p.,n.d.Web.29Apr. 2014.)The Timber Wolf sharpen its claws on the tree and the claw marks spill out sap and the sap feeds some of the bugs in the forest.
The precipitated chalk is, actually, the essential constituent of pastels. It is obtained from finely ground limestone, which is allowed to settle in the water. When the water is poured off, the resulting powdered paste is left to dry. Different amount of pigment blended with this chalk paste will create different color intensity.
The Rosewood Report describes how white mobs reign as a terror against African Americans during the period 1917 to 1923.
Materials used in the experiment included 5-7 g of the potato tissue, 50ml of 2.0M phosphate buffer coffee filter and guaiacol dye.
After ten minutes had passed, I collected the ingredients needed to perform a gram stain. I got the primary stain, crystal violet, and flooded my smear for sixty seconds, and then rinsed the color off with water until the water ran clear. I then flooded the smear with the mordant, grams of iodine, and let that sit on the slide for sixty seconds as well. I then rinsed the grams of iodine off with water and applied alcohol to the smear to decolorize the cells; however I made sure not to over decolorize and only put enough drops on the smear till the purple ran clear. I then rinsed the slide with water and flooded the smear with safranin, the counter stain and let it sit for sixty seconds and then rinsed the color off with water.
extracted from the stem and used to make rope, stout fabrics, paper, fuel, food, plastic, composite
Birch Paper Company is a medium-sized, vertically integrated paper company, producing white and kraft papers and paperboard. It has four producing divisions and a timberland division which supplied part of the company’s pulp requirement; each division is operating independently headed by its respective division managers.
The Gutenberg printer consisted of a base that was constructed out of wood that provided a stable platform for the printing process. This required pressing paper onto ink typed heads. A holder, which was also constructed of wood, was there to hold the paper in place for use to be pressed against the ink types. The paper was sandwiched between two frames and was placed on a wedge so that the paper could be easily removed and the ink types could be replaced. Once solid, letters were affixed on the top of rectangular stalks, which themselves were slotted into a rectangular container in order. Individual letters were made by pouring a lead-tin alloy into a copper mold. The paper was then placed on top of the rectangular container and pressed upon the inked type with a heavy screw clamp.
We took pictures of each other’s data once finished with the lab. For the paper chromatography, students began by grinding 5g of spinach along with 2g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Students added hexanes and acetone as specified by the lab protocols. Once, the solvent was a dark green color, we placed it in a centrifuge and transfer the liquid portion of the solution into a test tube. Throughout this portion of the experiment, students used weighting paper as a funnel poring the indicated solution as stated by the protocol, for instance pouring silica gel and sand into the column. After, we poured about 3ml of Hexanes into the column, making sure not to let the column dry. We then added, spinach extract to the column—after, we added about 1ml of hexanes. Adding hexanes caused the solution to gain a yellow colored band. We added hexanes until the yellow band reached the bottom of the column, thus began to collect all the yellow pigment into a test tube. Once the elutant become colorless, we once again placed a waste basket under it. Finally, we collected the green pigment into another test tube by a 70%/ 30% mixture and a bit of acetone. Once the two colored bands were collected, we obtained the wavelengths of each colored band using the
Bamboo is a widely used and it is an important material that is found typically anywhere in the world. It is generally found in rural areas as building materials in small tropical countries, this is due to bamboo having a high strength and low weight. Even though bamboo is referred to as a rural material, Architects and Engineers have begun to incorporating bamboo into buildings for strength and beauty. Bamboo is a versatile, renewable and sustainable resource in South Africa. It is easy to use bamboo in buildings, as simple tools can be used bend and cut it easily. Bamboo construction is also very resilient to wind, easy to build with and is even resistant to some natural disasters like earthquakes (if done and used properly). Bamboo is also used in landscape industry, interiors and as a temporary building material in construction.
This process is carried out in large drums or vats with paddles and workers using long sticks to churn the hides in the solution, (Gupta Shivam, 2007).