The information provided in the Evidence of the Past regarding Muhammad's First Revelation is more than likely extremely, unintentionally distorted. This document was composed by someone who compiled four plus generation old verbal accounts from descendants of Muhammad's associates. The document would more likely to be accurate if it were documented and written by Muhammad (primary source) or his associates (secondary source) as it occurred. The main points are likely accurate consisting of who, what, when, and where. However, the finer details were likely embellished, forgotten, or muddled causing the story to change from fact to fiction over the four to five generations of verbal accounts.
Verbal accounts of historical events have been disproven many times through scientific investigation. However, some have been reinforced as well with archaeological findings to back up verbal accounts. Unfortunately the credibleness and plausibility of verbal accounts have suffered leading to conflicts and disagreements over facts, both in the past and present day.
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The Bible was written by many people, but several being Jesus' disciples. One issue that has taken place is loss in translation. The Bible was not written in English - King James Version! It has been translated from many languages and versions leading to an inherent loss of fact. However, it is more accurate than Muhammad's biography written over a century after his death based on verbal
The contents of the Bible have dealt with controversy in regards to its inerrancy since publication, and will surely continue to. Historians progress to learn more about biblical stories in order to provide evidence for the reliability of information. Many believers today understand that not everything in the Bible has been factually proven. An outstanding topic many scholars pay attention to lies within the four gospels. The three synoptic gospels, Matthew, Mark, and Luke, replay essentially the same story with minor inconsistencies, while John portrays Jesus in an entirely different way. The differences in each gospel are due to how each gospel entertains different portrayals of the life and understanding of Jesus himself, in order to persuade
After the fall of the Roman Empire, no one imagined that the next great world power would emerge from Saudi Arabia. Especially, because ancient empires thought that the land was worthless but they didn’t know that it had great trade routes. Trade brought them in connection with other civilizations and that’s how the city of Mecca, located in Saudi Arabia became known. The city of Mecca was a mix of religious beliefs, they used to worship many gods and had their own rituals. The world of Islam took place in Mecca where Muhammad was born in 570 CE. He became known as “the Prophet,” he was meant to be God’s final prophet. The main two groups of Islam are the Shia and Sunni; which they were created after Muhammad’s death. The Islam religion as
The early Islamic empire expanded drastically. This happened due to conquering done by the Muslim people. Evidence of this being a contribution towards the expansion of the empire is on Document A. It states, “The Muslims gathered together, and the Greek army marched against them.” This shows that the Muslim army fought and that they were strong, playing a big role in the expansion of Islam.
Pseudoarchaeology likely arose from nationalistic archaeology that was developed in Europe during the late nineteenth century, and shares many of its traits. Similarly, pseudoarchaeology omits facts, can be used to claim identity (Dzino 2012 p.180) or can be used to perpetuate a worldview (Derricourt, 2012). However, unlike nationalistic archaeology, pseudoarchaeology does not have a scientific method (Fagan and Feder 2006 p.727, Flemming 2006 p.50). Due to this, it has the ability to appeal to a wider audience than archaeology by making definitive and sweeping statements about the past, with a satisfying beginning,
Buddha once said, “Just as a candle cannot burn without fire, men cannot live without a spiritual life.” He understood the need that men have for belief in a higher power. This belief transcends all religions and beliefs across the earth. With religion comes a sacred text provided through the words of a prophet. The problem we run into with these texts is that they have the potential to be flawed by historical revision. Every form of religious text can have this problem, including the Quran. This would be a concept difficult to understand for many Muslim’s today who belief the current text is the exact recitation of the prophet Mohammad. To understand the historical context of Mohammad and the Quran we will follow the timeline of how Mohammad became the man to share this sacred scripture, and how the current form of the Quran came to be. In doing so, opinions can be developed about whether the current form of the Quran could possibly be exactly what Mohammad said.
Throughout his life, the Prophet Muhammad proved to be exceptionally adept at uniting diverse groups, negotiating a series of alliances and loyalty arrangements that spanned religious, tribal, ethnic, and familial lines (Berggren 2009). Among other things, this ability enabled Muhammad to forge a shared identity and found a nascent Islamic state from a diverse and even heterogeneous community (Rahman 1982; Ernst 2003, pp. 87-93). This diversity proved to be both a source of strength and conflict for Islam, and following the death of Muhammad early Islamic communities engaged in extensive debates not only about the nature of his teachings or how to carry his legacy forward, but also about the terms that should be used to define his authority. Although this debate produced a colorful array of movements within the tapestry of early Islamic civilization, this essay offers a critical examination of two particularly distinct perspectives on the nature of prophetic authority: namely, those articulated
archaeological finds, or as the text states it, evidence, we can make logical speculations about the
There are two declarations of faith in Islam: That there is only one God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God. In Memories of Muhammad, Omid Safi explores the ways in which Muhammad – both the historical and spiritual Muhammad – is remembered, commemorated, and contested by Muslims throughout the centuries. Safi focuses on the movements and moments in Muhammad’s life and after his death that for many Muslims best exemplify the teachings of Islam. He succeeds in opening up the dialogue to correct the negative portrayals of Muhammad and the religion of Islam, calling it a “Muhammad problem” in his introduction. Furthermore, he provides a book that is accessible and intelligible to both Muslims and non-Muslims, drawing from historical and spiritual sources, and addresses relevant issues contested between Muslims in relation to other religions, presenting Muhammad as a historical figure and one who is beloved by the Umma.
of ‘Biblical Archaeology’ and saw it as a means of establishing the credibility of the
Through examining these texts, it is evident that the advantages historians have when drawing on evidence such as this is that they can easily reveal certain social and cultural values of the society from which the authors came from, just as easily as it shows social and cultural values of the society of which it was written about. The limitations for historians when collecting written evidence is that some key features of the complex civilizations written about were often left out or could be easily misinterpreted or
Everything about the Bible is questioned constantly by believers and nonbelievers. Bibliology discusses topics such as inerrancy, inspiration, and illumination. The Bible is looked at not only as a source for wisdom and meditation but an authoritative source. The authority behind the Bible is God. Scripture was “God-breathed” and “God-Inspired”. Handwritten by human authors which sometimes may leave people to question if it is truly the word of God or not.
The complete Qur'an was revealed over a period of 22½ years portion by portion, as and when it was required. The Qur'an was not compiled by the Prophet in the chronological order of revelation. The order and sequence of the Qur'an too was Divinely inspired and was instructed to the Prophet by Allah (swt) through archangel Jibraeel. Whenever a revelation was conveyed to his companions, the Prophet would also mention in which surah (chapter) and after which ayat (verse) this new revelation should fit.
This bible was supposed to be written thousands of years ago and supposed to have actual quotes from Jesus himself. First how could a book last this long?
Chronologically speaking, the Gospels were all written while people, other than Christians, who had been eyewitnesses to the life of Christ were still alive. For the most part, the non-Christian eyewitnesses were opponents of the faith. The resulting effect of this would be the necessity for the disciples to relate the life of Christ accurately due to the fact that any inaccuracies would have allowed opponents to discredit Christianity right from the beginning (McDowell 52-53). The third test to prove historical reliability is that of exterior evidence. Gottschalk defines external evidence as "conformity or agreement with other known historical or scientific facts.(McDowell 54)." Other writers are a great source of external evidence.
The Origins and Importance of the Quran The Quran is the Islamic Holy book. The word Quran means recitation and its verses are recited by Muslims throughout the world. The Quran was revealed to Prophet Muhammad in Ramadan, the holy month of the Islamic calendar, in the year 610CE. One night that came to be known as ‘The night of power’, when Prophet Muhammed was 40 years old, while meditating in his usual place, Cave Hira on Jabal-al-Nur ( mountain of light), he suddenly saw an angel appear before him. This angel was angel Jibr’eel (Gabriel).