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lab report: measuring ph
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Muddy River Ecosystem An ecosystem refers to a complex set of relationships between all plants, animals, and microorganisms functioning along with the non-living physical factors of an environment (The Ecosystem Concept, 2003). Ecosystems can be used to describe any situation where there is a relationship between the organisms and their environment. In the following paper, the ecosystem of a particular location, the Muddy River, will be discussed on and determined whether it is healthy or not.
The Muddy River is a small waterway located in the city of Boston, and the town of Brookline. It has a total area of 5.6 square miles, with the Muddy River’s total length reaching 3.5 miles. The Muddy River flows through a park system named ‘Emerald
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There are three components researched under Abiotic, including Water Chemistry, Weather/Climate and Topography.
Firstly, water chemistry consists of three components – pH, Turbidity and conductivity. There were three different experiments conducted to measure the health of the Muddy River ecosystem, with the same theme consistently recurring – with geese and without geese. The geese commonly identified in this experiment were the Canada goose, a native species to North America (Canada Goose, 2014). Water samples with geese were collected on the left side of the bridge by the muddy river, and the samples without geese were collected by the right side of the bridge.
Hypothesises and predictions are typically written to determine the purpose of the experiment before conducting it. A hypothesis refers to the relationship between two objects, and a prediction refers to a reworded hypothesis. pH refers to a numeric scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (pH Definition in Chemistry, 2016). The hypothesis for the pH experiment is ‘pH level of water is higher in areas with geese’, and the prediction is ‘If the pH level is higher, geese will be present’. The following steps were conducted for the pH experiment: (1) Open the sample bottle. (2) Place the pH Meter stick into the sample bottle. (3) Allow the reading to stabilise.
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The following steps were conducted to measure the elevation of the hill: (1) Stabilize the surveyor level, on the selected hill of study. (2) Person A holds the stadia rod and stands at a spot on the foot of the hill. Person B holds the surveyor level and looks through the hole. The bottom of the stadia rod should be visible through the hole. (3) Person C measures the distance between the rod and surveyor level. (4) The surveyor level is brought up to the rod’s position, and the rod is moved to a higher level, adjusted accordingly to the view from the peep hole in the surveyor level. (5) The distance between the rod and the surveyor level is measured, and the materials shift accordingly with an increment of four feet with each measurement. Repeat from step
The Muskegon River is 216 miles long; it’s origin is in Roscommon County it flows in a southwest direction and empties into the Muskegon Lake which then flows to Lake Michigan. Early settlements and cities in the United States were generally built near oceans, lakes, and rivers for the commence and transportation advantages. The city of Big Rapids was founded for its geographic location along the Muskegon River in the 1850s. At a time when logging was a main industry in Michigan, the Muskegon River was used as an artery to move logs downstream from Houghton Lake to the mills in Muskegon. Lumbermen called the swift currents and rapids in the area “the big rapids,” which was adopted as the city’s name. Today the logging business
Fracz, Amanda.; Chow-Fraser, Patricia. Changes in water chemistry associated with beaver-impounded coastal marshes of eastern Georgian Bay. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. (online) 2013, 70: 834-840. https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.libproxy.chapman.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=99eb69ff-1148-4ddf-9fc5-e14d12e7062e%40sessionmgr4002&vid=2&hid=4203 (accessed Sept. 31st, 2014)
Pennsylvania has the most acid rain in the country, so it is not a surprise if the creek was polluted, but it’s not. It could be because of limestone rocks, or rocks that neutralize pollution in waters. Are next experiment was a eutrophication Test. A eutrophication is an enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical nutrients typically compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorus, or both. In this test we took samples of water into clear measurable tubes. There is 3 things we tested with water, Phosphate, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen. Phosphates and nitrates are examples of polyatomic ion. Phosphates and nitrates are found in fertilizers and some detergents. We tested for them and we didn’t get big results, so we know that waters aren’t polluted. There was a lot of dissolved oxygen, which is good, because that is what fish need to
For this whole project on the Conodoguinet creek we are trying to figure out whether or not the creek is polluted. Therefore in this project we had to form a hypothesis. My hypothesis was,If we test the Conodoguinet Creek for signs of acid rain, eutrophication or other types of pollution, at the instant when we perform the experiments we'll know whether or not the creek is polluted. Eutrophication, which is excessive richness in nutrients in a body of water due to runoff, causes a dense growth of plant life and death of macroinvertebrates due to lack of oxygen, has been a problem in the Conodoguinet Creek. In conjunction with Eutrophication, Acid rain which is, a rainfall that damages or harms the water environment has also been a key factor
“Don’t waste that water! Kids in Africa don’t even have water to drink!” Almost every American has heard this saying before. We have heard this because there are water shortages in third world countries like Africa, as seen in the movie “Blue Gold”. But why have we developed this notion that there are only water shortages in third world countries? When in reality, there is a shortage of water right here in our home country. The Colorado River’s water is high in demand as it serves millions of people, powers industries, and is home to all different kinds of wildlife. The Colorado River will not be able to keep up with the increasing demand of water and soon enough the river will go dry. Organizations like the Colorado River Water Users Association are trying to change the way that the water is used and adjust how it is managed. The Colorado River is drying up and the western states are running out of water, however, public policy is trying to regulate and preserve the Colorado River to make it more sustainable in the future.
Definition of ecosystem: An ecosystem is a place where all the living and nonliving things are living in a specific environment and interact with each other.
The data we found supported our original water hypothesis. My group and I believed that adding ammonium nitrate into our eco-column would ultimately damage the ecosystems. The increase in levels of minerals from the aquatic ecosystem also indicates that the entire column was being destroyed. Through this experiment, I have learned that too much nutrients and minerals within an ecosystem can be extremely harmful to the wildlife. Throughout this experiment the water in our eco column began to turn yellow because of a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorous in the eco-column. In some of the eco-columns of the other groups in the classroom, they had eutrophication in the early stages of their eco-column which resulted in the death of many of their
The ecosystem in Middleton, PA is heavily dependent upon the water quality of the Susquehanna River and Swatara Creek. The Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources indicated that one of the main concerns in these watersheds is chemical pollution from point and non-point sources. The species of primary concern include plants, animals and aquatic species. Nesting Bald Eagles, peregrine falcons and osprey, in the Susquehanna area would be benefited by the conservation of buffer areas from development and pollution sources. Pollution, including temperature change of the water source, threatens the waterpod, a native mussel. The flat stemmed spike rush, white trout lily and Virginia mallow are plant species impacted by the water quality in these sources. Maintaining and improving the water quality must be a priority for these species and the ecosystem of the area. The area is primarily agricultural in nature. Studies have indicated that after the disaster in 1979, pets, w...
There are many types of ecosystems”Some are them are immense biomes and other can be minor ecosystems like a puddle or a tree trunk”, but wouldn't it be amazing too have a ecosystem the size of a pop bottle. Luckily this is not a hallucination Ecosystems like these are called ecocolumn which are basically a simulation of a medium ecosystem synce it contains a small aquarium on the bottom and a terrarium in the top. By doing these we are going to be able to see the relationships between the consumers, producers and decomposers, In these case the decomposer can be the earthworm the consumers can be the fish and the producers can be the plants these organism are characterized in these category because of their symbiotic relationship. In a Ecocolumn
The aim of the following experiment is to determine the correlation between the level of nitrates in the water and the growth of duckweed. It is expected that the increased amount of nitrates in the water will cause the duckweed to grow. The duckweed is expected to absorb the nitrates as it grows and therefore lower the levels of nitrates in the water. This is a valid aim as the results could be used as a method of deterring and removing eutrophication in bodies of water where other methods may not be suitable. It is expected that the higher levels of nitrates will cause duckweed colonies in a body of water to grow in population at the same time lowering levels of nitrates in the water.
The Jordan River runs directly through campus, and is situated between a walking path and a parking garage. When it leaves campus, the Jordan River goes back to it’s original name Clear Creek. In order to prove its stream quality, data would need to be collected and analyzed. After looking at the river, it looks as though it would be fairly clean and unpolluted to the untested eye. The water has a constant current and clear water. There is little trash floating about, but organisms are still visible in the river. The Jordan River has constantly fluctuated around a p-score of 35 for the last few years. This a fairly high score and relays that the river relatively unpolluted. The score and length of time show that the Jordan River is able to house many intolerable macroinvertebrates without trouble, and is a clean environment. How many intolerable macroinvertebrates live in the Jordan River, and are they the majority? The answer to this question will prove the cleanliness of the river.
For lab six, the class was given the task to come up with any experiment using the material given on the overhead. The question my group was trying to test was, does a variation in solution affect the growth or production of duckweed? Duck weeds are one type of plant that has the ability to eliminate nitrogen and phosphate out of fresh water. This is called phytoremediation (Bunnell 84). Since humans use other organism to clean up environmental contamination, we would call this bioremediation. Duckweed can also be used as a natural wastewater system treatment method, which is ideal for developing countries (Nhapi 2004). Duckweed based ponds in combination with pre-treatment may be a feasible option for organic matter and nutrient removal
Hypothesis (pg. 47) – a proposed statement of results made about a problem in a research study that is expected. An example of a hypothesis would be “If college football players play a full game of 60 minutes, then they are 70% more prone to concussions.”
The branch of science that deals with how living things, including humans, are related to their surroundings is called ecology . The Earth supports some 5 million species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. These interact and influence their surroundings, forming a vast network of interrelated environmental systems called ecosystems. The arctic tundra is an ecosystem and so is a Brazilian rain forest. The islands of Hawaii are a relatively isolated ecosystem. If left undisturbed, natural environmental systems tend to achieve balance or stability among the various species of plants and animals. Complex ecosystems are able to compensate for changes caused by weather or intrusions from migrating animals and are therefore usually said to be more stable than simple ecosystems. A field of corn has only one dominant species, the corn plant, and is a very simple ecosystem. It is easily destroyed by drought, insects, disease, or overuse. A forest may remain relatively unchanged by weather that would destroy a nearby field of corn, because the forest is characterized by greater diversity of plants and animals. Its complexity gives it stability.
The natural ecosystem provides both goods and services to us. The ecosystem goods are the things that people produced from soil, water and plants; Crops, Fibre, Timber, Livestock, Tourism, etc. are the example of ecosystem goods. And, at the same time people get a varieties of fundamental and life supporting services such as flood control, clean air and water, pollination of crops and other plants, natural hazard regulation, cultural, spiritual and aesthetic services which are called ES ( Kerr, G., 2010).