Motivation is the psychological process that drives and directs an individual’s towards achieving particular goals (Buford, Bedeian, & Lindner, 1995): an internal drive to accomplish the unsatisfied desires (Higgins, 1994). In other words, motivation is the internal vigor to acquire desired needs and attain personal or organizational targets. According to Smith (1994), motivation is an important factor for a company’s survival in the current dynamic society since highly motivated employees are more productive. Thus, the question of how to improve motivation is a complex question that management should take into consideration. Employees’ motivation are influenced by diverse factors, like their needs, work environment and target performance, if managers want to enhance employee motivation, they should understand employees’ motivation in different aspects. There are four main theories, which are Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory and John Stacey Adams’ equity theory. Maslow and Herzberg’s theories concentrate on satisfying people’s needs to enhance their motivation, which are known as content theories. However Vroom and Adams’ theories recognize the complexity of motivation, which are process theory, they assume employees are motivated by their own performance. This essay will compare the similarities and differences between these four theories and articulate how management can critically use these theories to motivate employees. Employee motivation is optimal when the external factors are tailored to the individuals’ needs. According to Maslow’s (1954) hierarchy of needs, people’s needs are divided into physiological, safety, relationship, esteem and self-ac... ... middle of paper ... ... and outputs will influence people’s motivation, in other words, if the expectancy was satisfied, it will increase motivation. Employees’ fairness also related to the comparison between their own rewards and others. People feel their rewards are equal to the reference people, then they subjectively fell fair which will lead to higher motivation. As the four theories’ advantages and drawbacks are obvious, need’s theory do not build to the right relationship between satisfaction and motivation, expectancy and equity theories refer to reward need to suit individuals’ needs, which connected to Maslow and Herzberg’ needs theory. Thus, management should critical use these four theories, considering employees’ needs, tying the rewards with performance and correctly access the fairness amidst employees, therefore comprehensively understand employees’ motivation.
In today’s world the organization are made of teams to accomplish the organizational goals for that the certain task has been given to them but to complete those task the employees must be motivated to achieve the desired results from them, in contrast the management should make some methods from which the employees can be motivated and the end result is that the organization Goals or targets achieved. This essay will revolve around the motivation & three motivational theories and how the managers of the organization implement these theories by looking at the needs and expectations of the employees. Reference will be made throughout the essay to a case study of BEST BUY sales man (Michael V. Copeland, 2004).
Article provides insight into the application of various theories of motivation like Maslow's needs herirachial theory, McGregor’s Theory and Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. Higher order needs with Achievement, Self actualisation, Job satisfaction and other internal factors for motivation are discussed. Application of the five Is like Informal rather than formal approach, communicate well and allow employees to apply their own Initiative. If they are Informed, Invited for suggestions and Involved, they have a sense of ownership and autonomy with in the organization and stay motivated. Employees in health care institutes tend to be motivated more by intrinsic motivations and value congruence and person-environment fit is a crucial and integral component of their
Pardee, R. L. (1990). Motivation Theories of Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor & McClelland. A Literature Review of Selected Theories Dealing with Job Satisfaction and Motivation.
Without salaries or benefits at stake, leading volunteer teams begins with the leaders ability create a motivational environment where the right team members are drawn together; connecting personally with the vision of the organization. Establishing and sustaining such an atmosphere calls for leaders who value team member personally, encourage feedback, and celebrates successes. Therefore, it is imperative for a Chi Alpha leader to understand the various theories of motivation and to apply those relevant concepts for inspiring diverse volunteer teams.
The significant challenge, managers face in regards to motivation is how to influence employees to provide inputs to their job and to their employment organization (George et al, 2012). Managers desire employees to be motivated in order to contribute efforts such as effort, explicit job behaviors, skills knowledge, time and experience. These efforts are instrumental in the success of job performance and the overall performance of the organization (George et al, 2012). Employees desire outcomes from their organization in obtaining pertinent values such as pay, job security, feelings of accomplishment from performing a good job, or the enjoyment of performing an interesting job. These values, intrinsic or extrinsic, are the focal points for managers and employees that are the core of work motivation (George et al, 2012). To obtain a better understanding of organization motivation, one should understand the motivation need theory in which two of the most prevalent need theories are included; Malsow’s Need Theory and Alderfer’s Existence-Relatedness-Growth (ERG)
Project managers must be skilled in many areas. One of the areas include being able to motivate team members to work. There are many theories about motivation that can help project managers understand what will motivate a person. Motivation can be categorized in two ways, intrinsic and extrinsic (Schwalbe, 2014, p.366). Intrinsic motivation is when a person does something because they find it fun or entertaining. An example of this would be playing a sport or watching a sport on TV. Extrinsic motivation is when a person does something for a reward or to avoid being punished. Such as going to work to get a pay check and not be fired for not showing up. Knowing motivation theory will help project managers understand their team members and what motivates them (Schwalbe, 2014, p.366).
Motivation is an important function in organizations to motivate their employees for their ability to perform well, improving their skills, increasing productivity, job satisfaction and employee extension. Employees also are not a machines that we could just program their task in their brain and they will do it automatically, they require motivation to actually do their job properly. And so, after discussing the process models of the Maslow’s “Hierarchy of needs”, Douglas McGregor theory X and Y, and also the Herzberg’s “two factor motivation hygiene theory.” understanding the ways of motivating people, the human nature, and the substance of nature. I believe that the true motivation can only come from within and also managers can actually motivate all of their employees.
Research has shown that motivation in an employee is an important factor which determines his performance. Motivation is the “driving force within individuals” (Mullins, 2007, p. 285). It is the concerned with finding out the reasons which shape and direct the behaviour of the individuals. The people act to achieve something so that they can satisfy some needs (Gitman and Daniel, 2008). It is important for the manager to understand this motivation of individual employees in order to inspire them and devise an appropriate set of incentives and rewards which would satisfy the needs that they have individually (Kerr, 2003). Once these needs are expected to be met in return for some specific behaviour or action, they would work more diligently to have that behaviour in them and to achieve that objective (Meyer and Hersovitch, 2001). Since it would lead to early and fuller achievement of the company objectives as the individual would work more diligently, it would lead to better organizational performance (Wiley, 1997).
Motivation play an important role in today’s work environment as motivated employees are more productive employees. However, the ways how we motivate the employees have to be improved from time to time as employees are being more demanding and that they are more concern about their needs than before. Motivational strategies have probably affected the most by employee concerns and values (Greiner 1986, p. 82). ‘A motivational strategy is any effort to induce employees to initiate and sustain activities that can directly or indirectly improve service productivity’ (Greiner 1986, p. 82). Motivation can have an effect on the output of your business and concerns both quantity and quality. For example, if you are in a manufacturing company, your business actually relies heavily on your production staff to make sure that quality product are being produce and being delivered to your client at the right time. However, if your production employees are lack of motivation they will be not motivated to produce the amount of product demanded, thus will be very costly. In the essay below, we will be discussing on the strength and weaknesses of McClelland’s acquired needs theory and the expectancy theory.
Motivation is therefore the force that transforms and uplifts people to be productive and perform in their jobs. Maximising an employee's motivation is necessary and vital to successfully accomplish the organisation's objectives and targets. However this is a considerable challenge to any organisation's managers, due to the complexity of motivation and the fact that there is no ready made solution or an answer to what motivates people to work well (Mullins, 2002).
The origin for concepts regarding motivational factors, as applied in the organization, stem from the [psychological] behavioral study of human needs. The relevance of the former is fundamental to the three issues posed this week because it correlates the assumptions of both Maslow and Herzberg. The aforementioned assumptions stress the importance of consideration of human needs in relation to motivational factors in the workplace, including job satisfaction, and superior performance. Furthermore, this concept has inexorably expanded to include both Maslow’s and Herzberg’s theories as a harmonious and reciprocally complementary unit; applicable to almost any organization. That being said, this analysis will include 1) a description of Maslow’s need’s hierarchy, 2) an interpretation of the intent of the former and its pertinence to leadership, and 3) an explanation of why money is not a motivator, based on Herzberg’s two-factor theory.
Motivation, as defined in class, is the energy and commitment a person is prepared to dedicate to a task. In most of organisations, motivation is one of the most troublesome problems. Motivation is about the intensity, direction and persistence of reaching a goal. During the class, we have learned a substantial theories of motivation and many theories of motivations are used in real business. Each theory seems to have different basic values. But, they all have been analysed for one reason, recognising what motivates and increases the performance of employees. Ident...
In the light of Hablemitoglu, Ozkan and Purutçuoglu (2010. Pp.222-228), organizations in the modern world and after hundred years of management generally use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. As we can see from the Figure Ι, this theory puts emphasis on five factors that are aligned with the performance of an employee, physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. The employee of an organization is motivated to work if these factors are fulfilled by the management. For instance, if his or her physiological needs are being fulfilled, i.e. food, shelter and water, he will be willing to perform better. On the other hand, if the employee is secure about his job, he will ensure that he retains it by performing to the expectations. In the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there are two important factors for managing the workforce in the modern business organizations, motivation and satisfaction (Gagné and Deci, 2005. Pp.331-362). Employees who are satisfied with the factors and incentives being provided by the organization are more likely to be motivated to perform better, which is completely different from the past. For instance, if an employee feels he or she does not have enough knowledge about a certain department in the organization, the management can fulfill his or her esteem factor by planning a career
People’s behaviour is determined by what motivates them. The aim of this essay is to discuss the essence of the motivation and psychological strengths, its evolution, a brief overview of the key theories of the employees’ motivation and behaviour analysis. The main task is to understand how motivation affects employee behaviour and to clarify the importance of motivation. In this essay I will discuss and produce definitions and examples to answer the main question of what is the driving force and how do people’s needs influence performance at work?
According to the management scholars Richard Kreitchner and Carlene Cassidy, “the term motivation, refers to a physiological process that gives behavior purpose and direction” (328). In chapter 12 of the book entitled “Management,” authors Kreitchner and Cassidy discuss how managers can attempt to motivate their employees effectively. The authors insist that managers can work to keep employees loyal to organizations by “administering rewards fairly, building trust and teamwork, and creating a stimulating work environment” (328). There are many theories that analyze how to motivate workers, one of the most prominent being Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. I aim to analyze this theory in order to make recommendations for work motivation at my current place of employment, The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), a non-profit membership association for family physicians.