Mosquito Case Study

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

MOSQUITO CASES

Mosquito is a small slender fly that feeds on the blood of mammals, including humans, and transmits diseases. Diseases vectored by mosquitoes continue to be a major part of illness and death. It is estimated that more than 700 million people are infected with mosquito-transmitted diseases annually (Taubes, 2002). Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese Encephalitis and Dengue fever are the most important diseases vectored by mosquitoes (Service, 1983). Malaria alone kills 3 million each year, including 1 child every 30 seconds (Shell, 1997). According to World Health Organization (2010), there were 216 million cases of malaria and 655,000 deaths worldwide. Due to this alarming phenomenon, different communities use different synthetic and plant-based insecticides to protect themselves from mosquitoes and other insect bites (Hebbalker and Sharma, 1992).

Mosquitoes breed in water occasionally depositing eggs directly on water but generally prefer a variety of moist surfaces such as the production of large amount of the environmental debris that holds water pools including disposable bottles, cans, discarded tires and storage of water in and around living premises(White,2004). According to Reiter (2001), female mosquitoes suck blood from vertebrates to obtain

Extracts from the Neem and other plants seeds and leaves have shown excellent insecticidal properties against mosquito vector and were at the same time very eco-friendly (Schmutterer, 1990; Senthil Nathan, 2005). Chemicals isolated from species belonging to this family, among them Chinaberry and Neem tree which recently received particular attention from applied entomologists because of their excellent properties as insect control agents (Luo, Lin-Er, Van Loon, and Schoonhoven, 1995). This effect could be attributed to the presence of limonoids(Huang, Okamura, Iwagawa and Nakatani,