Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Early Life
Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan was born on 25th December 1876 in Karachi. His father name was Jinnah Poonjah, who was a trader of leather. The family of Quaid-e-Azam had been settled at Kharadar Karachi after the migration from Gujrat. The name of the mother of Quaid-e-Azam was Shireen Bibi or MithiBai who was the daughter of Sir Agha Khan named Moosa Juma. Quaid-e-Azam received his early education from Okhai Memon Masjid Kharadar. After this, he received education from Church Mission High School for some years then he got admitted in Sindh Madrassah-Tul-Islam Karachi. After this he was sent to England for higher studies where he received the education of law from Lincoln's Inn. In April 1896, he passed the examination of law. After receiving a degree of law, he started practice in Bombay.
Political Career
Indian National Congress
Once Jinnah was established in the legal profession, he officially stepped into politics in 1905. He joined the platform of the Indian National Congress. Mohammad Ali Jinnah went to England with Gopal Krishna Gokhale in that year, as a member of a Congress delegation for the cause of India Self-government during the British elections. After one year, he performed his choles as a Secretary of Dadabhai Noaroji, who was at that time was the Indian National Congress President. His duties as the secretary was considered as a great honour for a rising and promising politician. In December 1906, at The Calcutta Congress session, his first political speech was delivered in support of the resolution on self-government.
Imperial Legislative Council
In January 1910, after three years Mohammad Ali Jinnah was elected to the Imperial Legisla...
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...itution of India, these proposals are known as Cripps Proposals. Cripps Mission made discussion with the Congress, Muslim League and with other minor political parties of India then declared these proposals.
Although, the demand for Pakistan was accepted in Cripps proposal but its main aim was to make India as Dominion state. Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah showed dissatisfaction on these proposals. Therefore the Muslims rejected Cripps proposals after the guidance of Quaid-e-Azam.
The partition of the sub-continent was considered in Cripps Proposals therefore the Congress also rejected these proposals. It was the will of the Congress that the defence ministry immediately given to the Indians. Gandhi also rejected Cripps proposals. A leader of the Congress Ram Gopal Achariya only agreed to Cripps Proposal and he formed a national front.
Quit And Divide India
Pipes, Daniel. “How Elijah Muhammad Won.” Commentary. Jun. 2000, vol. 109 issue 6, p31, 6p. Academic Search Elite. EBSCOhost. .
I am going to critically review a newspaper article on the death of Hamzah Khan from Bradford. I will discuss the main findings the research methodology and the way in which it may or may not be useful in the contribution to our understanding of child welfare. I will also include information on child abuse and on the different agencies. The newspaper article is called Hamzah Khan: the harrowing story of an 'invisible' child. (Pidd, 2013)
In Washington D. C. 2002, the city was terrorized by a serial killer. His name was John Allen Muhammad with his accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo. This disturbance went on for three weeks in September to October. Why did these two serial killers decide to kill people? That has been the question people have been asking for years now.
The early Islamic empire expanded drastically. This happened due to conquering done by the Muslim people. Evidence of this being a contribution towards the expansion of the empire is on Document A. It states, “The Muslims gathered together, and the Greek army marched against them.” This shows that the Muslim army fought and that they were strong, playing a big role in the expansion of Islam.
Thesis: The Sunni and Shia ideology in terms of the concept of imamate, their believe on al-Quran and Hadith and the successor of the leadership after the death of the prophet Muhammad
Gandhi. Gandhi was trained as a lawyer in Britain and fought for human rights in apartheid South Africa. Later on, Gandhi returned to his homeland to fight for independence from the Empire that the sun never sets on. Gandhi achieved this goal through peaceful resistance. But the euphoria of liberation was short lived. Muhammed Jinnah, a comrade and leader of the Indian Independence movement, demanded that a separate nation be made for Indian Muslims. That nation would become Pakistan and Gandhi would regret not doing more to prevent the disunity until he was killed by an assassin's bullet while going to pray in his garden. To this day, Pakistan and India hold a very bitter taste in their mouths towards one another. Furthermore, the racism towards Indians has also risen in Britain since the former's liberation. The racial slur "coolie" is to English Indians what "nigger" is to African
Throughout his life, the Prophet Muhammad proved to be exceptionally adept at uniting diverse groups, negotiating a series of alliances and loyalty arrangements that spanned religious, tribal, ethnic, and familial lines (Berggren 2009). Among other things, this ability enabled Muhammad to forge a shared identity and found a nascent Islamic state from a diverse and even heterogeneous community (Rahman 1982; Ernst 2003, pp. 87-93). This diversity proved to be both a source of strength and conflict for Islam, and following the death of Muhammad early Islamic communities engaged in extensive debates not only about the nature of his teachings or how to carry his legacy forward, but also about the terms that should be used to define his authority. Although this debate produced a colorful array of movements within the tapestry of early Islamic civilization, this essay offers a critical examination of two particularly distinct perspectives on the nature of prophetic authority: namely, those articulated
Elijah Muhammad, son of a sharecropper, was born into poverty in Sandersville, Georgia, on October 7, 1897 (biography.com). After moving to Detroit in 1923, he met W. D. Fard, founder of the black separatist movement Nation of Islam (biography.com). Muhammad became Fard’s successor from 1934-75 and was known for his controversial preaching (biography.com). Muhammad faced many challenges during his life span. He declared that Fard had been an incarnation of Allah and that he himself was now Allah’s messenger (biography.com). For forty-one year’s Muhammad spread the word of the Nation of Islam, slowly but steadily attracting new members (biography.com). Muhammad built the religion from a small fringe group into a large and complex organization that attracted controversy along with its new prominence (biography.com).
According to the Islamic faith, God created three beings: angels, humans and jinn. Man was made from dust, angels were made from light, and the jinn were made from fire (Ali, 1950). Similar to the Christian faith, Muslims believe in the existence of archangels such as Gabriel and Michael, as well as Satan, whom Muslims believe to be the most well-known jinn. Although the Qur’an states that angels and jinn are immaterial beings, there are still many folktales and superstitions that say otherwise, especially in stories about jinn (Ali, 1950). This paper will explore the origins, roles, and stories about both angels and jinn, providing evidence from the Qur’an, Muslim scholars, and popular tales.
1) Muhammad- Muhammad was a caravan trader until age forty when he had a great religious experience. He believed that he had seen the angel Gabriel and had been commanded to teach the word of Allah. After meeting persecution at Mecca, he gained many followers in Yathrib. Eventually, he and his followers invaded Mecca and destroyed the pagan idols in the temple in Mecca called Ka'bah. This became the holiest shrine and led to the conversion of many Arabian tribes.
There are two declarations of faith in Islam: That there is only one God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God. In Memories of Muhammad, Omid Safi explores the ways in which Muhammad – both the historical and spiritual Muhammad – is remembered, commemorated, and contested by Muslims throughout the centuries. Safi focuses on the movements and moments in Muhammad’s life and after his death that for many Muslims best exemplify the teachings of Islam. He succeeds in opening up the dialogue to correct the negative portrayals of Muhammad and the religion of Islam, calling it a “Muhammad problem” in his introduction. Furthermore, he provides a book that is accessible and intelligible to both Muslims and non-Muslims, drawing from historical and spiritual sources, and addresses relevant issues contested between Muslims in relation to other religions, presenting Muhammad as a historical figure and one who is beloved by the Umma.
On the surface Muhammad is usually considered to be a prophet and messenger of God, but when looking closer we can see that He played many more roles in His life time including one of a Statesman.
He later retuned to India in 1891as a well trained lawyer but he was unsuccessful in starting a law firm so he sought work in South Africa. He received a job offer for a year and left his wife and children. In south Africa he became a leader in the Indian majorities fight to end discrimination creating the natal Indian congress witch as the Indian voice foe south Africa, he was also in the in the British army during the Boer war as a Indian medical commander . He ended up staying there until 1914 and his wife and children came in1896.
Introduction In late 1947, the newly created states of India and Pakistan went to war over the valley of Kashmir. A United Nations brokered ceasefire divided the state into Indian and Pakistani controlled territories, and resolved that a referendum would be held in which the people of Kashmir would be able to choose to join either country. The referendum has not been held to date. India granted its portion of Kashmir a special status within its constitution, allowing for a great degree of self-autonomy.
...tween the Hindus and Muslims, Jinnah felt that Muslims had no future in India (Overfield 216). With the end of British rule in 1947, not only did India gain its independence but also along with it was born an other country, Pakistan where Jinnah served as the first governor (Overfield 216). With the gain of India’s independence, Gandhi was shot the following year in 1948 by a Hindu zealot who resented his commitment to Hindu – Muslim harmony (Overfield 212).