Modeling Smart Cities: An Annotated Bibliography
1. Cosgrave, E., Arbuthnot, K., & Tryfonas, T. (2013). Living labs, innovation districts and information marketplaces: A systems approach for smart cities. Procedia Computer Science, 16, 668-677. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.070
The strength of any analysis lies in garnering a profound understanding of the phenomena under review. Using the principles of systems thinking the authors – three researchers from Bristol University, U.K. - first set about on the task of improving their understanding of a highly complex proposition such as a smart city. They did not become starry-eyed by the glamour of current technology offerings. Instead, they went about the painstaking task by developing a value-chain of a smart city, and checking for linkages between activities and viable opportunities for further research and development.
By leveraging synergies from their key concepts of “Living Labs” and “Innovation Districts” they are planning to use a case study methodology to further explore and exploit credible data-driven research. This article provides an excellent introduction to the holistic development of a smart city. In addition, it laso supports my systems view of city development. Therefore, it serves as a valuable resource for city leaders with the responsibility for translating development policies into practical solutions.
2. Difallah, D. E., Cudre-Mauroux, P., & Mckenna, S. A. (2013). Scalable Anomaly Detection for Smart City Infrastructure Networks. IEEE Internet Computing, 17(6), 39 - 47. doi: 10.1109/MIC.2013.84
The authors – a PhD candidate and a professor from a Swiss University; and a senior IBM researcher - tackled the complex problem of analyzing and monitori...
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... work for Worldsensing – a company specializing in wireless network solutions. Finance is the lifeblood of any business and by extension any city. The authors proposed an organic growth mechanism for smart city development.
The authors are also aware of the myriad of problems related to rapid urbanization. Therefore, they propose a phased implementation approach without the establishment of a concrete foundation on how this model can satisfy feasibility (politically, legislatively, economically, ecologically, socially, physically and technologically) requirements. Finally, their conclusion that public sector sponsorship will secure the model’s viability detracts from their theme of self-sufficiency. The article is geared towards urban planners and sophisticated users with advanced training in Information, Computing and Telecommunications (ICT) technologies.
Reshaping Metropolitan America provides an outlook of the next fifteen years for infrastructure development in the United States. Nearly two-thirds of the buildings that will be necessary to handle the projected half billion residents of the Untied States by 2030 are not built yet. We also need to reshape our cities to handle the inversion trend; families and the next generation want to move back and live near downtown. Richard C. Nelson, the author, supports this population shift but does not strongly support it. Instead of trying to create room and additional infrastructure in downtown areas, Nelson believes that metropolitan areas should start to urbanize its suburbs to accommodate desired urban living. The American population is also changing
Urban change that will benefit the greatest number of people will require a change in how we view the world. For these urban changes to occur, we need larger structural changes in how we conduct business and how political decisions are made.
With these technological advances, increasing reliance on complex technological networks for survival and the connection of bodies with the urban space through electronic and digital mediums, the city cannot simply be explained in terms of physical, tangible territories and material networks. Instead, the city should be thought more like urban systems, circuits and networks operating like a computer matrix, where urban experiences and environments are straddling the boundary between real and virtual, which is becoming increasingly blurred by cybernetic and bio technologies.
According to the US Census Bureau report (2012), urban areas are defined as a densely residential, commercial, and other non-residential areas that account for more than 50,000 people. In the US urban population increased by 12.1 percent between 2000 and 2010. In general, urban population account for 80.7 percent of US total population. Other studies also indicate that urban areas are the engines of the United States of America’s economy, creating big opportunities for the entire population in the country. In fact, America’s top hundred urban areas alone comprise at least 75 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Urban areas connect consumers and suppliers together in a relatively close proximity leading driven innovations,
Three waves of systems theory were developed (Healy, 2005). The first wave, being General systems theory. General systems theory is about focussing on a more effective social order for the client,...
Finally, this paper will explore the “end product” that exists today through the works of the various authors outlined in this course and explain how Los Angeles has survived many decades of evolution, breaking new grounds and serving as the catalyst for an urban metropolis.
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
There are numerous types of creative cities: the technologically innovative, the culturally intellectual, the culturally technological and the
... different layers such as ETL stage, SIF, BDW and how data is processed to generate reports according to the requirement. The processing of information from raw data to different processing stages culminating in coherent information is fascinating.
At present we are facing many problems in our cities such as structural health of building, waste management, air and noise pollution, energy consumption and traffic congestion. Our project is to monitor these problems and provide a solution. By using an IOT, monitoring becomes quite easy as from anywhere we can monitor it. In our project, we will work on problems of waste management, air and noise pollution, street lighting and make a city “The Smart City”.
Analogous to the way humans use the Internet, devices will be the main users in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Therefore, device-to-device (D2D) communication is expected to be an intrinsic part of the IoT. Devices will communicate with each other autonomously without any centralized control and collaborate to gather, share, and forward information in a multihop manner. (Bello and Zeadally, 2014). The word Smart is used in conjunction with various words such as Living, Cities, Metering, Grids, Water Levy and Lighting to describe a variety of applications t...
As previously implied, cities are currently the antithesis of even the barest sense of sustainability. To succinctly define the term “sustainability” would be to say that it represents living within one’s needs. When it comes to the city, with almost zero local sources of food or goods, one’s means is pushed and twisted to include resources originating far beyond the boundaries of the urban landscape. Those within cities paradoxically have both minimal and vast options when it comes to continuing their existence, yet this blurred reality is entirely reliant on the resources that a city can pull in with its constantly active economy.
...r predecessors with what is being done already today in order to start to build the city of tomorrow. Masdar provides an excellent launching point, but more must still be done. The infrastructure of cities needs to become more intelligent and more resilient to decay. Transportation needs to evolve, relying more on self-driving cars and public transportation in order to relieve the congestion of traffic from city streets. New sources of energy need to be explored, whether that means solar, wind, water or a combination of all of them. Food should be imported from a number of local, self-sufficient farms. The road to creating the ideal urban setting is one that will be both difficult and time consuming, but if the steps explained above can be implemented along with the strategies learned by Haussmann and the other city planners then mankind will be on the right track.
It has seen this with how “Technology is enabling researchers to make new discoveries that are changing our understanding of nutrition.” (Agrawal, AJ) Then again, with how technology changes “As awareness around these issues continue to grow, innovative entrepreneurs will identify solutions. Froozer is one company that is working to innovate food production and mitigate food waste.” (Agrawal, AJ) And the most popular is with how “Social media and smartphones have connected consumers to information about the harmful effects of certain ingredients, the source of products, and how things are made.” (Agrawal, AJ) Plus stuff we are working on now that will become huge in the future, such as “Lab-grown foods and smart tools for personalized healthy nutrition are already a reality and they will be further developing” (Belan, Kate). “As conscious food consumption grows, numerous food-related platforms, apps and tools will appear massively” (Belan, Kate). Bringing the upcoming of how “Bars and restaurants will use technology to provide customers with data-based fast services or immersive emotional experiences beyond the taste of food and drinks” (Belan, Kate). Plus, “The ‘Internet of Things’—app-connected smart devices—will find their places in the kitchen too.” (Belan, Kate) “Food 3D-printers and nanopackaging may revolutionize the way the dishes are cooked and how the
This research report aims to explore how such a system can be altered and adapted with aid of recent developments in ICT to a more modern level which will aid the way we conduct research in business.