The mobility paradigm proposed by John Urry (2000) brought a significant shift into the way of researching in social sciences. According to Büscher and Urry (2009: 100), this shift allows theorize the social from the perspective of economic, social and political practices, ideologies and infrastructures. These, as reported by authors (2009: 100), engage the mobility of people, things and information. However, this radical shift in theory goes hand in hand with an inevitable need of new methods to gather sociological knowledge. We can see this need on the example of cycling as a practice of mobility. As Spinney and Brown (2009: 132) stated, the dissatisfaction with such a small range of methods that could help to explain various aspects of cycling has been rising lately. Thus, how to research on this practice of mobility to gain as much sociological knowledge as possible? The answer might be hidden within developing methodologies of sociology with emphasis on visual and sensory approach. In this essay I will demonstrate how might be cycling investigated with the assistance of new methods that include video. Firstly, the mobility paradigm will be briefly introduced and connected with the realm of cycling. Subsequently, I will show in which ways can be video used for researching. Ultimately, the most important part of this paper will be dedicated to practice shown on examples of two different but in many ways similar investigations.
The mobility paradigm, turn from analysing society to analysing mobility, was pioneered by John Urry (2000) in his book Sociology beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century. The author (2000, 2007) laid the foundations of mobility paradigm and proposed a shift from research on society to ...
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...nvestigation. These are participatory video, videography and video elicitation. Accordingly, on an example of video use in sociological research practice we have demonstrated benefits and tried to find drawbacks of this methodology. When researching on cycling, we might encounter various obstacles. For instance, the terrain will not let the researcher to follow the participant and conduct uninterrupted interview in real time. By using of mobile video camera enables to experience and understand various practices (In our case cycling.) that would not be possible to approach and brings a new perspective into contemporary research. Moreover, use of representations allows researchers to produce knowledges that are hard to describe with language. Finally, we can clearly see from our evidence that video bridges the gap between the embodiment of practice and the language.
Being a silent third party to a father screaming at his seven-year-old daughter for putting the inner tube in the wrong place. People watching has for a long time been one of my favorite activities as a third party you are able to see people for what they are, unbiased by already having known the person. Eugene Richards’s book has made me look at my hobby from an artistic vantage point. He’s made me start to think that one day I would like to be one behind a telephoto lens, capturing those moments that people don’t think anyone else saw. Richards photographs have made me realise that photography is more than a point a shoot process.
Silva, E.B. (2009) ‘Ordering Social Life: The case of road traffic’, in Taylor, S., Hinchliffe, S., Clarke, J. and Bromley, S. (eds), Making Social Lives, Milton Keynes, The Open University.
This essay will define and explain the term migration and then discuss and examine emigration and circulation as well as arrivals. Further its going present some qualitative and quantitative evidence from the book “Understanding Social Lives” and the online module strands to support the claim.
Cohen, Jeffrey H, and Sirkeci Ibrahim. Cultures of Migration the Global Nature of Contemporary Mobility. Austin Texas: University of Texas Press, 2011.Print
In this case the method used is qualitative research as qualitative techniques such as participant observation and ethnography have been used. Qualitative techniques are used when researcher conducts his observation based on words rather than numbers as it focuses more on interviews and group discussions. Even though this form of research provides an in depth analysis into the topping of discussion, it has certain disadvantages too, It has been criticized to be too subjective and are base...
An ethnographic study aims to explore and analyze a particular group of people’s social practices, and establishes a detailed description of how that particular social group operates, based on the observation of, and usually the participation in, that certain group. The study is usually helped by the interviews and data collecting through the use of camera recordings. The ethnographic film is a method or a way of documenting and gathering the ethnographic data in the field work. It is also a medium, adopted by the ethnographer, to broadcast or convey the ethnographic findings or knowledge with the aim to present an interpretation of a certain social phenomenon or cultural understandings. (Yoshimizu, 2014).
In order to gain a sustainable mobility many actions in the name of Mobility Management (MM), also called Transportation Demand Management (TDM), which defined by Jones [4] as ‘motivating individuals to willingly change to more sustainable transport modes by providing detailed travel information and stimulant and by using marketing techniques focusing on personal travel behavior’ are used. It emphasized the movement of people and goods, not just motor-vehicles, and giving priority to public transit, ridesharing and non-motorized modes [5]. The characteristics of MM measures are cost effective, quick to implement, easy to modify and is a good support for infrastructure measures.
Improving mobility is one of the main challenges for people trying to regain their freedom and ability to get to places they
Much recent theory has been concerned with defining and examining 'new media': the forms of communication and mediation that have arisen through advances in electronics and digital technologies. These new media forms and the speed of their dissemination are paralleled by faster transportation and the movement and subsequent settlement of peoples across the globe in what has come to be called 'diaspora'. The situation is such that many of the old boundaries and barriers by which nations defined themselves have become less certain, challenged by the increasing power of people to move across them whether literally or figuratively. Diaspora has become a term in academic parlance that is associated with the experience of travel or the introduction of ambiguity into discourses of home and belonging. It is in some ways a reaction to liberal ideas of multiculturalism. Diasporic subjects often seem to be under the 'law of the hyphen' (Mishra, 421-237), they defy 'classical epistemologies' and 'jostle to find room in a space that has yet to be semanticized, the dash between two surrounding words'. Today, there are many more people whose bodies do not 'signify an unproblematic identity of selves with nations' (Mishra, 431).
Pollins, Harold. "Transport Lines and Social Divisions" from London Aspects of Change: Edited by the Centre for Urban Studies. MacGibbon & Kee, London. 1964.
Social mobility is the movement of people up and down societies various hierarchy. Patterns of social inequality are structured to endure for very long periods of time. The largest factor of determining social standing is birth. Sometime people overcome economic and social disadvantages to rise in the class system and some born in families of high status may drop despite their advantages. The opportunities presented to move up and down society’s rests basically on the stratification system and called vertical mobility. Stratification systems are either open or closed. Closed societies are the ones where mobility is uncommon and where political and cultural norms dictate against this mobility. In an open society there is greater opportunity to move up and down the social hierarchy. Class systems of stratification provide more opportunity for social mobility. In the open class the chance for mobility is greater constraints still exists. Mobility is present in two forms vertical where people move up or down social hierarchies and horizontal mobility where people move laterally from one position to a similar one. An uncommon idea in America is the fact of the possibility of the downward movement in society. During the Great Depression of the 1930s many people moved downward suffering not only economic losses, but physiological deprivation loses as well. We
To accurately analyze various impacts of migration, one must first understand clearly the meaning of migration. Migration is the process or means by which people move from one geographical location to another geographical location (Castle and Miller, 2009). However, migration plays a key role in the development of both developed and developing countries. According to (Castle and Miller, 2009), “we are well into a post industrial, post-cold war world and about to embark on a brand new century within which immigration will play a central role”.
... the Research Ethics Board prior to the conduct of research. Participation will be voluntary; they will have informed consent, will possess anonymity and confidentiality, and will be at least eighteen years of age. The key limitations of this study will be the costs that will accompany this research, as well as the amount of time it will take to conduct and lack of manpower. Internal validity will be a challenge as my personal characteristics and beliefs as a cyclist will need to be monitored to avoid bias. The analysis of qualitative research is muddled and does not follow a straight line, which is largely contributed to the inductive reasoning method. It is important to speak on the plausibility of interpretations rather than the truth of findings in qualitative analysis, and this is the expense of using interviews and focus groups instead of quantitative surveys.
The development of urban transportation has not changed with the cities; cities have changed with transportation. This chapter offers an insight into the Past and the future of Urban transportation and is split up into a number of different sections. It includes a timeline of the different forms of transport innovations, starting from the earliest stages of urban transport, dating back to the omnibus (the first type of urban transportation) and working in a chronological order until eventually reaching the automobile. However, these changes in Urban transport did not happen for no reason. Different factors within society meant urban transport needed to evolve; points will be made on why society needed this evolution. In contrast I will observe the problems urban transport has caused in society as a result of its rapid progression. Taking account of both arguments for the evolution of urban transport, I will look at where it will go in the future.
The first area where technology and society relates most is communication. People in a society must pass information from one person to another to maintain order. Traditionally, information dissemination was done using inefficient methods such as the messengers and would take long time before it reached to the intended recipient depending on the distance. Technological advancement that resulted in introduction of more efficient means of communication such as mobile phones and computers led to contextualization of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). This had a direct impact on the society as now information could be disseminated amongst a larger group and in the contemporary wo...