Millennium Development Goals

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Background
In 2000, The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) initiatives and programs were established to tackle the inequalities in access to health care and improve the quality of life for everyone around the world. Developing countries have made significant progress toward achieving goals in extreme poverty, improving child health, reducing child deaths, increasing access to HIV/AIDS prevention, and controlling malaria (UNDP). However, there has been uneven progress and challenges in achieving the Millennium Development Goals and sustaining these accomplishments, especially among low-income countries that need improvement in international support, both economically and financially. Shortage of healthcare workers, lack of technology, unequal distribution of specialty and general physicians, and poor working environments impede the success of the MDG (Urcullo et al.).

Low-Income Countries
According to The World Bank, low-income countries are defined according to Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of $1,035 or less. In these countries, the citizens experience the poorest health indicators. For example, according to the WHO, 98% of stillbirths occur in low and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. Additionally, on average, the maternal mortality ratio is much lower among high-income countries (5-10 per 100,000 live births) compared to low-income countries (>400-500 per 100,000 live births) (Uwemedimo). The WHO states that 90% of all maternal deaths and 80% of all stillbirths occur mostly because the low-income countries lack trained health professionals. Similarly, of the 6.6 million under-five year olds who died in 2012, most deaths were unnecessary and could have been prevented or treated if more health...

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The migration of healthcare personnel impacts the healthcare system and the health of populations more negatively than positively. In order to address the negative effects of migration, there are strategies that can be implemented to retain workforce, improve training, and offer better opportunities for workers. At the current rate of training and exporting of health professionals, the future of patients is troubling. The sick will find it even harder to access essential health services and get the care and treatment they desperately need. This issue is complex, and addressing it requires commitment from healthcare workers and the government of low, middle, and high-income countries. The best way to overcome healthcare worker shortage in low-income countries is with a strong multidisciplinary approach to change the system- socially, politically, and economically.

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