Migration to Australia has been a process that has progressed immensely from 1945 to 2014. This process has been divided up into three major time periods, which are 1945 to 1964, 1965 to 1975 and 1976 to 2014. During the first time period, multiculturalism was welcomed by Australia to a limited extent, as it was an unfamiliar convention of society in Australia. However, during the second and third time periods, the population of migrants grew causing the idea of multiculturalism to grow as well. Australia welcomed multiculturalism to a moderate extent, then to a high extent during the second and third time periods respectively. The increase of migrants also resulted in Australia to become more secure as a nation economically, militarily and socially, which is what Australia needed. Australia made it easy for migration to happen because as more people migrated to Australia, multiculturalism became more accepted and Australia became more secure as a nation economically, militarily and socially.
1945 to 1964 was a time that Australia desperately needed a larger population otherwise it would perish. The quickest and most efficient way to increase the population was by taking in migrants, which was why the government introduced the first migration program in 1945. Arthur Calwell, the first minister for immigration, established the Federal Department of Immigration. Thousands of migrants were entering Australia during this time and were willing to work, defend the country and put their skills to use for the land, society and nation. However even though they were helping to stabilise Australia’s economy and military, their existence was not highly accepted by Australian citizens. Multiculturalism was only embraced to a very limited exte...
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...ocially, but also economically because they too might be in a particular profession or speciality.
Australia made it easy for migration to happen because Australia needed their population to grow. As more people migrated to Australia, the extent to which multiculturalism was welcomed started off limited in the first time period, but by the third time period, it grew to a high extent. Australia also became more secure as a nation economically, militarily and socially because of the increase in population. The Racial Discrimination Act that was passed in 1975 was a major turning point in a positive way relating to the acceptance of multiculturalism in Australia. Australia has progressed greatly as a nation from 1945 to 2014 as a nation in all aspects and as one of the most diverse nations, it will continue to progress even more in the near as well as distant future.
Meanwhile, multiculturalism in the United States has been part of their history, considering the fact that almost all its populations, including its founders are immigrants coming from different cultural backgrounds (Citrin, 2001). Due to globalization, there is no reason why other immigrants and new ethnic groups could have difficulty assimilating themselves into American life.
Immigration, transport, trade and taxes, and growing national pride were the three main reasons Australia needed to federate. Fear of coming under foreign attack, and concern over being invaded by non-white immigrants were major factors, which encouraged support to Federate. Despite the fact that several colonies already had implemented laws, which restricted immigrants from certain countries, all of the colonies were keen to strengthen their policies. In this time, there were many prejudgments against the Chinese and Pacific Islanders. The Chinese immigrated during the gold rush period, in the 1850s and from 1863; Pacific Islanders were also brought to Australia to work in the hot conditions in the sugarcane fields. People believed that foreign workers took jobs away from them.
Maestro by Peter Goldsworthy provides an insight into 1960s/70s Australia and helps reinforce common conceptions about Australian culture. One common conception Goldsworthy reinforces in this text is Australia’s increasing acceptance of multiculturalism. Maestro, set in the 1960s to 1970s, shows Australians growing more accepting and tolerant of other cultures. This shift in perspective was occurring near the end of the White Australia/Assimilation Policy, which was phased out in the late 1970s/early 1980s. An example of this shifted perspective in Maestro is Paul’s father’s opinion about living in Darwin:
The National Multicultural Advisory Council, chair Neville Roach is a firm believer in continued immigration: “Australia is a multicultural society, he said. Our cultural diversity has been a strength and an asset in our development as a nation.”
Of course it is naïve to believe that Australians only developed an identity after the First World War, but it is true to say that it was changed forever. Before Australia became the Australia known today, it was a land of bush rangers, farmers and convicts; a penal colony that had ambitions of becoming a nation who self-governed and had unified defence and transport*. Before federation Australia had fought in Sudan and the Boer War to provide support to the mother country as it was thought to be a heroic endeavour that was a type of rite of passage (Australian War Memorial, n.d.) and there was a global perception of who and what Australians were. Upon federation the people were very consciously intent on building themselves into a great nation (Bean, 1993), but not to sever ties to Britain completely as mostly foreign policy relied on what the British government dictated (Rickard, 1992).
Over the last century, Canada’s stance on immigration has changed drastically, from the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923, to the changes made to Canada’s immigration policy after the Second World War , to the chain of events that have lead to Canada becoming the multicultural country that it is today.
More immigration lead to racism and fear among both English Canadians who believed immigrants were taking away their jobs and French Canadians who feared that immigrants may potentially dominate their culture. These misconceptions and fears lead the Canadian government to declare new regulations that restricted the immigration of Asian and eastern, and southern European descents as well as Jewish immigrants. Canada gave more preference to descendants of both Britain and Western Europe. Policies were then developed to grant access to the best immigrants (as it was called) who were mainly whites that possessed a wealth of skills and benefits but to exclude the non whites who we...
Ever since the 1970s, Australia has become a multicultural nation. Australia’s multiculturalism is a way to explain the variety of ethnic backgrounds within the Australian people. “It implies that there are many ways of being Australian, not just one ‘Australian way of life’” (Carter 333). Multiculturalism has majorly changed the way that people view Australian history and identity.
Migration is not just about arrival, but also departure and circulation’ (Raghuram and Erel, 2014, p. 150). Explain how different sorts of evidence in DD102 have been used to support this claim.
Migration has been a major part of human living and also animals, people migrate for various reasons such as seeking better lives, family, job opportunity, availability of social amenities etc. immigration policies were put in place to monitor and decide who immigrate to a country and these policies have been present since 1906, and these polices have had different reasons for their enactment and these reasons change as time and era changes (Baglay, 2014). The early policies were racially based restriction, economic growth, multiculturalism, restriction on refugee and economic immigration (Baglay, 2014). The Communitarian approach used by Michael Walzer to explain immigration policy is similar to Canadian immigration policy. This paper seeks to discuss and analyze the articles by Joseph Carens and Michael Walzer, explaining the different perspectives of explaining immigration policies. The paper would summarize and contrast the author’s main arguments. It would take a stand on which argument is more persuasive in explaining immigration policy and give reason for this position. It would also use other articles to support or refute each argument made by Joseph Carens and Michael Walzer. Lastly this paper would explain and come to a conclusion of if any of these arguments apply to Canadian immigration policy and give examples of these similarities. Carens and Walzer had very different view on immigration and open border, Carens used the Liberal perspective of explaining open border.
Banting noted that some Canadians fear multiculturalism will bring, “…challenges to historic cultures, anxieties about Islam, and fears about insecurity,” (797). As people migrate from one cultural or religious backgrounds, maintaining the identity of the host country becomes difficult. Young children born interact with the immigrants and they could easily emulate foreign cultures thereby putting the historic cultural identity of Canadians at risk of erosion. Winter Elke warned that multiculturalism is changing to give too much preference to the immigrants thereby risking it to become a minority affair (638). Therefore, the relationship between national the majority of Canadians and immigrants need rethinking. Erosion of other cultures as immigrants introduce new ways or adapt to the cultures of the host county (Canada). Furthermore, education of the immigrants could face challenges if they experience difficulty settling in Canada. Given that immigrants later work in Canada, the human resource sector faces a new challenge of managing a diversified workforce, which can create headache for Canadian employers. Banting indicated that there is, “a strong sense that multiculturalism policies have “failed” a reaction that is strongest perhaps in the Netherlands, but is felt in many other countries as well,” (797). Such assertions only fuel resentment towards
Australia is a multicultural country where immigrants from all over the world immigrate to Australia. This research is focused on Australian’s immigrants who play a big role in this society. Immigration carries significant factors that affect the process of adaptation on an immigrant. The significant factors discussed further on are social factors, economic factors and cultural factors. To understand immigration and immigrant it would be explained the meaning of it and the types of immigrants. Answering the Research question, it would also be explained what an immigrant aims to reach by explaining the factors that help to feel settled in a new country. As I’m an immigrant in Australia I personally know how factors affect directly the process of adaptation. During this research I aim to prove how these factors affect the process of adaption. It is intended to make useful recommendations to the host country and to the immigrants in order to adapt to a new country easily. It must be said that not everyone experience the same process of adaptation because everyone is exposed to different factors. Moreover, immigrants may experience more than one factor as one factor can lead to the development of other factor.
Australia demonstrates the ability to absorb and take advantage of different cultures just like the United Kingdom. In the 1950s, Australia experienced a major multicultural breakthrough. This was through the Gold Rush. A huge number of migrants and immigrants were brought together in Australia. This brought a major challenge as it led to unsettlement in the gold fields. This was a good lesson for the Australians as they learnt that people with different cultural backgrounds can stay together.
Fiji is an island nation in Melanesia, in the South Pacific Ocean. The estimated population of the country is about 849,000, with a total area of about 7,056 square miles. Labor migration is one of the key forces of socioeconomic development. Migration of skilled people with high levels of human capital leads to a shortage of skilled labor in the home country as well as provides an opportunity to the unemployed youths to be engaged in the labor market hence it helps in the economic growth and development of many developing countries such as Fiji.
Multiculturalism is defined as people coming from different countries or background to reside peacefully in one country. Many people wish to keep their cultural and traditional values but at the same time they want to become a member of society. The aim or concept of multiculturalism is to bring different cultures and values into existence. Since multiculturalism helps to interact socially with other people, finish cultural differences and creates new opportunities for young generation. Therefore it has great influence and has been playing significant role in our lives. Multiculturalism in Canada has been good experience and it is still going on. Many people from other parts of world migrate to other places for several reasons such as to have command on their language ski22lls, for higher education and bright future etc.