Firstly, the water sampling procedure must be followed accordingly to avoid re-sampling. That is because if the sample is not taken properly, following the procedure, then contamination of the water samples might occur. When the water samples are to be tested in the laboratory, the result might not be accurate. To do water sampling, the individuals should wash their hands thoroughly first, then wear gloves when collecting the samples. The reason is that to avoid the contamination of water sample and protect the individuals from affected by microbial organisms in the water that might be harmful to humans. After that, all the samples collected must be put in the clean bottle with detail labelling. Labelling the bottle before taking the water sample is important to avoid the sample to be mixed up. In addition, it is advisable that do not use the water-soluble ink when doing the labelling as the blurred ink can be hard to read and it will become difficult to identify the sample.
To transport water sample to the microbiology laboratory to be analyzed, firstly the microbiology laboratory nearby should be contacted beforehand or as soon as possible to inform about the water sample to be analyzed so that they can prepare appropriate material for the analysis. Proper packaging is very important in order to retain the condition of water sample and to avoid the water sample contamination. As soon as the water sample is collected following the proper procedure and kept in a clean, sterile bottle, the sample should be packaged in a shipping cooler or foam box that is can only be used for that particular sample only.
The samples should be kept in ice to ensure that the temperature of the sample low. Using the regular ice is good enough to keep the sample cold. However, dry ice should never be used as it will possibly freeze the sample and it is not safe to ship. The cooler should be double lined with plastic bags, to avoid leaking occurs. Few suggestions of suitable bag that can be used are large durable plastics or garbage bag. The recommended temperature to keep the water sample is around 0 to 10 °C. The important of cold condition is that, to prevent the bacteria from multiplied.
What do bacteria need to grow? For bacteria to grow the most typical thing that they like ate a warm and moist environment, but that is not all that they like. Bacteria also like and environment with a PH that is normal or close to a human PH and bacteria also like an oxygen rich environment. The places that could be common to find bacteria in a building are a keyboard, a water fountain, and restrooms. A keyboard is a common place for bacteria because it is being touched constantly with hands when people type and hands are warm, so bacteria like them. The water fountain is another place that is common for bacteria to grow because people's warm hands are touching it and also it has water, which causes it to be moist. The last place that bacteria will we commonly found in buildings are restrooms. The bacteria like restrooms because many people are in then and also there is a lot of water in them.
After the end of the experiment the unknown 10 sample was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Came to this conclusion by first beginning with a Gram Stain test. By doing this test it would be easier to determine which route to take on the man made flow chart. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria have a set of different tests to help determine the unknown bacterium. Based on the different tests that were conducted in lab during the semester it was determined that the blood agar, MSA, and catalase test are used for gram positive bacteria while Macconkey, EMB, TSI, and citrate tests are used for gram negative bacteria. The results of the gram stain test were cocci and purple. This indicated that the unknown bacteria were gram positive. The gram stain test eliminated Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica as choices because these bacteria are gram negative. Next a Blood Agar plate was used because in order to do a MSA or a Catalase test there needs to be a colony of the bacteria. The result of the Blood Agar plate was nonhemolytic. This indicated that there was no lysis of red blood cells. By looking at the plate there was no change in the medium. Next an MSA test was done and the results showed that there was growth but no color change. This illustrates that the unkown bacteria could tolerate high salt concentration but not ferment mannitol. The MSA plate eliminated Streptococcus pneumonia and Streptococcus pyogenes as choices since the bacteria can’t grow in high salt concentration. Staphylococcus aureus could be eliminated because not only did the unknown bacteria grow but also it didn’t change color to yellow. Lastly a Catalase test was done by taking a colony from the Blood Agar plate...
How am I going to make it a fair test I will use a clean flask for
Purpose: The purpose of Lab Exercise 6: The Ubiquity of Bacteria is to introduce to the microbiology student, the proper techniques for acquiring bacteria cultures from natural sources and appreciate that bacteria are found everywhere.
While completing this lab we used four liquids. We used water, milk, orange juice, and soda. To hold the liquids we used two q-tips. We used two petri dishes, one was to hold the pill bugs while they were not being used in the
The experiment is aimed at giving a better understatement of osmosis process and the different conditions in which osmosis occurs.
As the bottled water becomes more popular, people prefer to drink bottle water over tap water. According to them, it has a better quality and taste. Unfortunately, people are being fooled by the water industries. The “purified” water, as its label, comes from municipal reserves. This research will discuss:
Then, repeat steps 7-11 another 4 times but with the room temperature water. For the room temperature water just leave it in the room but try not to change the room’s temperature. 15. Try to put all your recorded data into a table for organization 16. Repeat the entire experiment for more reliable data.
This would give us an extra measure of accuracy each time. Another way to improve the experiment and to produce consistent readings was to used distilled water. This is because the distilled water contains no impurities and therefore no hardness in water.
Most people in America find themselves drinking a nice glass of water that has a clean and refreshing taste to it. Most people do not have the privilege of drinking safe water. Contaminated drinking water has been linked to illnesses and deaths within the United States each year. We can solve this problem by finding new ways to clean water such as filtration and using diluted chlorine. Using these methods can lead to a much healthier way of living for those who suffer from contaminated drinking water in the United States. Contaminated water can be classified as water that contains pathogens, mercury, and even arsenic.
They’re out there! You can’t see them but they can see you. Right at this very moment they are living on and in your body, and there is nothing you can do about it!
1999, 71, 181-215. Minear, R., Amy, G.. Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter: History and Overview. ACS Symposium Series -. 1996, 649, 1-9. Richardson, S. Water Analysis: Emerging Containments and Current Issues. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2003, 75, 2831-2857.
For each water change, culture containers can be sterilized with bleach and water used should be filtered to 2µm and UV sterilized. Antibiotics (chloramphenicol, penicillin, sulphamethazine) could be added to cultures to minimize bacterial build-up between water changes. Addition of antibiotics to culture is not recommended for flow-through growth culture.
The implementation of new water purification system carries some risks along with it. Because of the nature of the device and the location in which it will be implemented, the risk factor for the success of this project in Sandikhola is of major concern and should be considered an important criteria for development. These risks must be considered fully before and during the development of the new purification system in order to contribute to its success to provide clean water in Sandikhola.
There is no need to keep it in a cold place (fridge, freezer...), as the herbal mix is dried and the packaging is water-, air- and lightproof.