A former director of the United States Drug Enforcement Agency’s Mexican office once stated:” The heroin market abhors a vacuum.” The truth in this statement can be extended to not only the heroin trade but also the trade of numerous other drugs of abuse; from cocaine to methamphetamines, the illicit drug trade has had a way of fluidity that allows insert itself into any societal weakness. Much like any traditional commodity good, illicit drugs have become not only an economy in and of themselves, they have transformed into an integral part of the legitimate global economy. Whether or not military or law enforcement action is the most prudent or expedient method of minimizing the ill-effects of the illicit drug trade is of little consequence to the understanding of the economic reality of its use in the United States ongoing “War on Drugs”. As it stands, not only has the illicit drug trade transformed itself into a self-sufficient global economy, so too has the drug-fighting trade. According to a CNN report in 2012, in the 40 years since the declaration of “The War on Drugs”, the United States Federal Government has spent approximately $1 trillion in the fight against illicit drugs. Additionally, a report in the New York Times in 1999 estimates that federal spending in the “War on Drugs” tops $19 billion a year and state and local government spending nears $16 billion a year. Given the sheer magnitude of federal, state, and local spending in the combat of the illicit drug trade, one would reasonably expect that the violence, death, and destruction that so often accompanies the epicenters of the drug economy would be expelled from the close proximity of the United States. While this expectation is completely reasonable to the ...
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Price, Bob. “Expert: Mexican Military Incursions Into Us 'not Rare'.” Breitbart. March 11, 2014. Accessed April 14, 2014. http://www.breitbart.com/Breitbart-Texas/2014/03/11/Sen-Coburn-Reveals-Possible-Mexican-Military-Incursion-into-US-Territory.
Reuters. “U.S. Border Agent Kills Mexican Teen.” Toronto Sun. June 08, 2010. Accessed April 1, 2014.http://www.torontosun.com/news/world/2010/06/09/14316756.html
Sanchez, Ray, Evan Perez, and Elise Labott. “After Years On Run, Sinaloa Cartel Chief 'el Chapo' Guzman Arrested.” CNN. February 22, 2014. Accessed April 6, 2014.http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/22/world/americas/mexico-cartel-chief-arrest/index.html.
Valdez, Diana Washington. “Mexico Is Transit for 90 Percent of Cocaine; Corruption Hinders War On Drugs.” El Paso Times. February 27, 2009. Accessed April 7, 2014.http://www.elpasotimes.com/newupdated/ci_11800490.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how the illicit drug trade has transformed itself into a self-sufficient global economy in the united states' ongoing "war on drugs".
Explains that the current power struggles and war on drugs in mexico is reshaping long-held law enforcement policy in the united states.
Explains that the mexican drug war started with operation michoacan in 2006, but the seeds of the current war were sowed decades earlier.
Analyzes how the illicit drug trade has transformed itself into a self-sufficient global economy in the united states' ongoing "war on drugs".
Explains that the current power struggles and war on drugs in mexico is reshaping long-held law enforcement policy in the united states.
Explains that the mexican drug war started with operation michoacan in 2006, but the seeds of the current war were sowed decades earlier.
Explains that the dadeland mall massacre of 1979 was the beginning of the new era in cocaine trafficking and gratuitous violence in the united states.
Explains that while the medellin and cali cartels were two distinct groups, they can be effectively combined into the larger grouping of columbian drug traffickers.
Describes how the nydetf, and lead investigator kenneth robinson, unraveled the reality of the cali cartel in new york city in the late summer of 1979.
Explains how columbian authorities and the search bloc were able to substantially dismantle the colombian cocaine traffic of the cali and medellin cartels.
Explains that 32 local and state law enforcement officers complete ice immigration enforcement training officers graduate after rigorous four-week training.
Explains alvarado, francisco, and miami new times. miami: see it like a drug dealer.
States that associated press has confirmed the death of zetas boss heriberto lazcano.
Explains bates, theunis, "a mexican drug cartel's rise to dominance." the week, january 25, 2014.
Cites berger, judson, and fox news' article, "cartel connection? senator presses agency on mexico military's incursion into us."
Opines that the u.s. to embed agents in mexican law enforcement units battling cartels in juarez.
Analyzes branson's "war on drugs a trillion-dollar failure." cnn.
States capps, randolph, "the role of local police - appendix f." police foundation.
Explains that chepesiuk, ron, authored the bullet or the bribe: taking down colombia's cali drug cartel.
Opines that chepesiuk, ron, "the fall of the cali cartel." crime magazine, october 21, 2006.
Explains that drug enforcement administration. major traffickers. schaffer library of drug policy.
Explains that estevez, dolia, is of "mexican drug kingpin el chapo guzmán's fairy tale: i'm innocent and just a farmer."
Cites grillo, ioan's article, "mexico cracks down on violence." seattle post-intellegencer.
Cites human rights watch's world report 2012: mexico, which is available at http://www.hrw.org.
Cites iaconangelo's article, "el chapo guzmán captured; how did he escape from jail in 2001?" latin times.
States that jones, steven t., “what does the drug war cost?” media awareness project, june 24, 1999.
Explains that border patrol report describes 29 armed mexican incursions into us.
Explains that the number of mexicans killed in the drug war surpasses that of yanks in vietnam.
Narrates how the mexican army invaded pot plantations. usa today, december 21, 2006. accessed april 9, 2014.
Analyzes luhnow, david, and jose de cordoba's article, "the drug lord who got away mexican capo unleashes mayhem on u.s. border; the making of a legend."
Explains malloy, molly, "the mexican undead: toward a new history of the "drug war" killing fields." small wars journal.
Cites marosi, richard, “anti-drug general ousted.” los angeles times, august 09, 2008.
Cites marosi, richard, and the los angeles times.
Explains mccoy, alfred w., the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug trade.
Explains that mexican troops cross border, hold border agent. newsmax, august 06, 2008.
Explains miller, todd, mexico's emerging narco-state. north american congress on latin america.
Opines that sen. coburn's report on mexican military incursions into us territory is not rare.
Cites reuters' article, “u.s. border agent kills mexican teen.” toronto sun, june 08, 2010.
Explains that after years on run, sinaloa cartel chief 'el chapo' guzman arrested.
Opines that mexico is transit for 90 percent of cocaine; corruption hinders war on drugs.
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Drugs have influenced daily life and society since the day of their discovery centuries ago. Their impact ranges from medical to industrial, to recreational to political, and to criminal. Drugs can not only influence the individual, but even cities or countries as whole. A prime example of the power of drugs is the establishment and occupation of the drug cartels in Mexico. Not only have the effects of these cartels infamously changed Mexico, but they have traveled to the United States (US), and change continues to be exchanged between the two. The following report attempts to answer the question, what are the Mexican drug cartels, and how are the United States and Mexico effected by them? A brief history and introduction of Mexican drug cartels
In this essay, the author
Explains that drugs have influenced daily life and society since their discovery centuries ago. the report aims to answer the question, what are the mexican drug cartels, and how are they effected by them.
Defines drug trafficking as knowingly possessing, manufacturing, selling, purchasing, or delivering an illegal, controlled substance; drug cartels are complex organizations with command-and-control structures that produce, transport, and/or distribute large quantities of one or more illicit drugs.
Explains the beginning of the drug war in mexico in the 1920s and 1930s in response to demand for smuggling into the united states.
Explains that drugs have influenced daily life and society since their discovery centuries ago. the report aims to answer the question, what are the mexican drug cartels, and how are they effected by them.
Defines drug trafficking as knowingly possessing, manufacturing, selling, purchasing, or delivering an illegal, controlled substance; drug cartels are complex organizations with command-and-control structures that produce, transport, and/or distribute large quantities of one or more illicit drugs.
Explains the beginning of the drug war in mexico in the 1920s and 1930s in response to demand for smuggling into the united states.
Explains that the four largest drug cartels in mexico are the gulf, juárez, tijuana, and sinaloan federation.
Explains mexico's war on drugs was declared in 2007, and the country has been greatly impacted by the drug cartels, in politics, security, and even everyday life.
Rawlins, Aimee. "Mexico's Drug War." Council on Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, 11 Jan. 2013. Web. 05 Feb. 2014. .
In this essay, the author
Describes the reasons why people of mexican origin risk their lives by attempting to enter the united states.
Opines that mexico's drug war is an internal seesaw of cartels competing for territory and trafficking routes to peddle drugs into the united states.
Explains that crossing the border into the united states may seem like a logical idea for many, but it may be just as deadly as staying home.
Describes the reasons why people of mexican origin risk their lives by attempting to enter the united states.
Opines that mexico's drug war is an internal seesaw of cartels competing for territory and trafficking routes to peddle drugs into the united states.
Explains that crossing the border into the united states may seem like a logical idea for many, but it may be just as deadly as staying home.
Opines that even if mexican immigrants make it into the united states, they still face discrimination and anger from many americans, just because of the way they look.
Opines that the united states is a country of opportunity because of the amount of industry we have been able to generate via the ingenuity of our citizens.
Opines that if we do not wish to be viewed as hypocrites, we must allow the entry of mexican citizens into the united states.
Cites alba, richard. "mexican americans and the american dream." perspectives on politics 4.02 (2006): n.
Explains the declaration of independence: a transcription. national archives and records administration, n.d.
Cites o'connor, liz, "the largest ancestry groups in the united states." business insider.
Mexico is a poor stricken country with no way to help itself out of the hole it has dug with the war against drugs. The influence of drugs has always been a problem, along with drug trafficking and drug related violence. Unfortunately, only drug related crimes are prevalent throughout the news. However, the media fails to mention the political side of the drug war or the reasons why certain organizations are lashing out. While the Mexican presidents had good intentions of stopping and controlling the drug war, their actions only made things worse.
In this essay, the author
Opines that mexico is a poor stricken country with no way to help itself out of the hole it has dug with the war against drugs.
Analyzes how vicente fox became president of the national action party in 2000-2006, and created a "pax mafioso" with the maficia by allowing criminal organizations to engage in illicit drug trafficking.
Analyzes how felipe calderon's announcement of war on drugs in mexico caused more tension and violence within cartels. throughout his presidency over 100,000 mexicans died.
Opines that mexico is a poor stricken country with no way to help itself out of the hole it has dug with the war against drugs.
Analyzes how vicente fox became president of the national action party in 2000-2006, and created a "pax mafioso" with the maficia by allowing criminal organizations to engage in illicit drug trafficking.
Analyzes how felipe calderon's announcement of war on drugs in mexico caused more tension and violence within cartels. throughout his presidency over 100,000 mexicans died.
Analyzes how mexico had gotten itself stuck in a self-reinforcing violent equilibrium. by killing and imprisoning important drug lords, an increase of violence appeared within these organizations.
Analyzes how ricardo monreal, an important political figure in mexico, set a code of ten mandates for the cartels to follow. this system fell apart when president fox elected.
Explains that the rise of parties opposing pan brought several changes, including a redefinition of the relationship between the government and criminal organizations.
Analyzes how the mexican government captured alfredo beltran leyva, a lieutenant of the sinaloa cartel. calderon's reaction was that the victims were "gang members" but in truth, they were students and athletes.
Analyzes how government structure encourages criminal violence in mexico. the latin american herald tribune reports on the arrests of drug cartel members.
Since 2006, a growing issue of drug smuggling and trafficking has arisen between Mexico and the United States. Not only does this issue affect the economies of the two countries but also the social life of the populations.
In this essay, the author
Explains that since 2006, a growing issue of drug smuggling and trafficking has arisen between mexico and the united states.
Explains that mexico has been fighting drug cartels and their violence since december of 2006, since then, the activity between these organizations and crimes have been on the rise.
Opines that the drug war in mexico affects their economy and the united states'. the cartels pull in between 19 and 29 billion dollars annually in u.s drug sales.
Explains that since 2006, a growing issue of drug smuggling and trafficking has arisen between mexico and the united states.
Explains that mexico has been fighting drug cartels and their violence since december of 2006, since then, the activity between these organizations and crimes have been on the rise.
Opines that the drug war in mexico affects their economy and the united states'. the cartels pull in between 19 and 29 billion dollars annually in u.s drug sales.
Explains that mexico's uneven distribution of money affects poor communities. the youth of these communities grow up around this violence and eventually seek out their situation.
Explains that mexico and the united states have spent huge amounts of money to make the border safer and to reduce the amount of drugs being smuggled across. the demand for top people in these cartels has a price.
Opines that this issue affects both societies and needs to be solved. too many people have lost their lives and the numbers continue to increase.
In ten years of fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan, 6,335 US soldiers have been killed in combat. In less than half that span of time, from December 2006 to December 2010, approximately 38,000 Mexican citizens were killed by cartel related violence. Even without counting the many thousands of Mexicans who were killed before December 2006, the War on Drugs, over ten years, will be fifteen times deadlier than the War on Terror. The level of violence near the border is unacceptable and the United States must share the blame. The rising death toll serves as the proof of what certain people have been saying for years: both the Mexican and American governments need to change their strategy in order to minimize the presence of drug cartels and to curtail drug violence.
In this essay, the author
Opines that the war on drugs, over ten years, will be fifteen times deadlier than the war on terror. both the mexican and american governments need to change their strategy to minimize the presence of drug cartels and to curtail drug violence.
Analyzes how the cartels exist and how they operate. america is wealthy, has strong governmental and social structure, and is the world's largest consumer of almost everything, including drugs, while mexico is poor and has a weak government.
Explains that mexican president felipe calderon initiated operation michoacán, a joint effort by the mexican military and federal police to prevent drug trafficking.
Opines that the war on drugs, over ten years, will be fifteen times deadlier than the war on terror. both the mexican and american governments need to change their strategy to minimize the presence of drug cartels and to curtail drug violence.
Analyzes how the cartels exist and how they operate. america is wealthy, has strong governmental and social structure, and is the world's largest consumer of almost everything, including drugs, while mexico is poor and has a weak government.
Explains that mexican president felipe calderon initiated operation michoacán, a joint effort by the mexican military and federal police to prevent drug trafficking.
Argues that mexico's current initiative is failing because the stable, self-regulated market was fractured by an immediate change of enforcement, which destabilized the pecking order between gangs.
Explains that even if one could remove all the leaders of an organization, there would still be the majority of the enterprise remaining among the lower ranking members.
Analyzes how miguel angel felix "the godfather" gallardo controlled the drug cartels in mexico in the 1980s. without a leader, the branches turned against one another in pursuit of wealth and power.
Analyzes how the kingpin strategy, the policy of targeting drug bosses specifically, has received mixed reviews. while the argument seems to hold water, it neglects a major flaw.
Analyzes how norway's butter shortage affects the supply and demand interaction with neighboring countries. low supply leads to higher prices, and some people capitalize on market conditions.
Compares the relationship between norway and sweden to that between the us and mexico. both governments inadvertently caused the price of commodities to rise to unprecedented levels.
Explains that economics dictates that if demand exists, a network of production will self-establish in order to capitalize on demand.
Opines that america needs to replace d.a.r.e. with a program which encourages rational thinking, treatment, and unbiased education on drugs.
Argues that america would benefit from creating programs to add incentives for abstinence from drug use to reduce demand for drugs.
Opines that the killing blow to drug cartels will come in the form of marijuana legalization.
Opines that america must accept the fact that president nixon’s misguided war on drugs has failed and educate its children with the truth instead of propaganda designed to further a dated agenda.
Cites fillippone, robert, "the medellin cartel: why we can't win the drug war." studies in conflict.
The United States has spent over 30 years fighting the war on drugs. Americans have paid a heavy price financially. The drug enforcement budget is now $40 billion. A lot of time, effort, and money go into America’s attempt in eliminating trafficking, dealing, and the use of illegal drugs. Many believe that this is a war worth fighting, while others feel that America will never conquer the war on drugs. The latter suggest legalization as an alternative plan that will help save the country millions of dollars. In this paper, I will examine the history of the drug war as well as the arguments for and against fighting the war on drugs.
In this essay, the author
Examines the history of the drug war and the arguments for and against fighting the war on drugs.
Explains that the pure food and drug act said that certain drugs could only be sold on prescription.
Explains that the comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act was the law that made the most impact on the drug addiction population.
Examines the history of the drug war and the arguments for and against fighting the war on drugs.
Explains that the pure food and drug act said that certain drugs could only be sold on prescription.
Explains that the comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act was the law that made the most impact on the drug addiction population.
Explains that president ronald reagan declared the "war on drugs" in his weekly radio address. reagan increased anti-drug spending from about 1 billion dollars to about 5 billion during his two terms.
In this report, I examine the United States’ “War on Drugs” in Colombia, and show how American involvement in Colombia has been a dangerous and counterproductive use of money.
In this essay, the author
Explains that the us is entering a struggle that has lasted for years and that there are few "good guys" in the colombian conflict.
Opines that colombia is not a nation of exclusively "good guys" and "bad guys." the united states' decision to focus large amounts of money on the police and military to fight illegal drugs wasn't successful in this incredibly complex conflict.
Opines that the us should address the root causes of colombia's problems by abandoning fumigation in favor of an eradication strategy.
Explains that the us is entering a struggle that has lasted for years and that there are few "good guys" in the colombian conflict.
Opines that colombia is not a nation of exclusively "good guys" and "bad guys." the united states' decision to focus large amounts of money on the police and military to fight illegal drugs wasn't successful in this incredibly complex conflict.
Opines that the us should address the root causes of colombia's problems by abandoning fumigation in favor of an eradication strategy.
Analyzes bouvier, virginia, "colombia quagmire: time for us policy overhaul." irc american programs policy brief, september 2003.
Explains the citizen action guide: introduction to us international drug policy. washington office on latin america.
Analyzes how the clinton administration committed $1.3 billion dollars in aid to colombia and its neighbors in order to fight the war on drugs.
Describes the farc as an unofficial group of united colombian peasants who were guided by communist and marxist doctrines long before the organization's official formation in 1964.
Explains that the eln was created by a group of colombian students who underwent their political and guerilla training in cuba.
Explains how the guerrillas have targeted wealthy landowners and oil producers to protect themselves and their assets from the drug cartels.
Explains that the colombian military has had positive relations with the us government since the beginning of the cold war.
Explains that the united states and colombian military have had a positive relationship for centuries. the primary motivation for american involvement in colombia was the ideological clash with the guerillas.
Explains that the united states has appropriated $2.44 billion for colombia since 2000, with $1.97 billion going to colombia's police and military forces. the bush administration upped the ante in american involvement in colombia.
Analyzes the successes and failures of plan colombia. the washington post claims that the $2.7 billion invested by the united states has gotten results.
Explains that the war on drugs led to 19 civilian deaths per day in 2002, compared to 12 in 2004. the colombian government is advancing negotiations with right wing paramilitary groups.
"Mexican Gang Opens Fire, Sets Off Car Bomb In Attack On State Police Quarters Near US Border." Canadian Press, The (n.d.): Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
In this essay, the author
Opines that building a wall on the american-mexican border can help and hurt the citizens in america.
Opines that not building a wall on the american-mexican border can help america for growth in the population.
Opines that building a wall on the american-mexican border can limit or even stop drug smuggling in america.
Opines that building a wall on the american-mexican border can help and hurt the citizens in america.
Opines that not building a wall on the american-mexican border can help america for growth in the population.
Opines that building a wall on the american-mexican border can limit or even stop drug smuggling in america.
Explains that gang wars in mexico are deadly to anyone who tries to get in their way especially other cartels and the government.
Opines that a wall on the american-mexican border can go two ways. the americans government can benefit by protecting their citizens from gang wars and reduce illegal drugs in america.
Cites yen, hope, associated press, and lliot, spaget. "mexican army finds new drug tunnel across us border
De Cordoba, José & Lunhow, David. “The Perilous State of Mexico.” The Wall Street Journal. Dow
In this essay, the author
Explains that the mexican drug-trafficking cartels were established in the 1980s by miguel angel felix gallardo, also known as "the godfather".
Explains that the sinaloa cartel was led by joaquin guzman who was a most-wanted mexican drug trafficker.
Explains that the tijuana cartel was one of the "biggest and most violent criminal groups in mexico," as stated by the article, "the five most famous drug cartels".
Explains that the mexican drug-trafficking cartels were established in the 1980s by miguel angel felix gallardo, also known as "the godfather".
Explains that the sinaloa cartel was led by joaquin guzman who was a most-wanted mexican drug trafficker.
Explains that the tijuana cartel was one of the "biggest and most violent criminal groups in mexico," as stated by the article, "the five most famous drug cartels".
Explains that the juarez cartel, founded in the late 1980s, controls all three trafficking entry points in el paso, texas, making it worth billions.
Explains that the gulf cartel is based in tamaulipas and is one of the oldest mexican drug cartels.
Explains that the sinaloa cartel is the most powerful cartel of all, having people based in 17 of mexico's states and throughout the u.s.
Explains that the zetas are the most lethal cartel, arising in the 1990s and led by a group of former mexican special forces, with training in weapons and communication.
Explains the current state of the gulf cartel has weakened compared to when it was first established and it constantly fights with the zetas.
Explains that the tijuana cartel is now one of the cartels with the least power since the arellano felix brothers fell, but the sinaloa’s have started taking them over.
Compares la familia, the knights templar, and the jalisco cartel - new generation.
Explains that 6,000 people died in drug-related violence in mexico, the u.s.'s second biggest trading partner. the cartels operate in 230 cities and towns around mexico.
Opines that the government and forces can't completely stop the drug trafficking problem, but they continue to do what they can to cause any sort of lowering of violence.
Opines that mexico’s drug war strategy remains unchangeable with new government.
Over the last decade, Southwest border violence has elevated into a national security concern. Much of the violence appears to stem from the competing growth and distribution networks that many powerful Mexican drug cartels exercise today. The unfortunate byproduct of this criminality reaches many citizens of the Mexican border communities in the form of indiscriminate street gang shootings, stabbings, and hangings which equated to approximately 6,500 deaths in 2009 alone (AllGov, 2012). That same danger which now extends across the border regions of New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California has the potential for alarming escalation. Yet, despite the violence, evermore-brazen behavior continues to grow, as does America’s appetite for drugs. Even though drug-related violence mandates that law enforcement agencies focus on supply reduction, the Office of National Drug Control Policy should shift its present policy formulation efforts to only drug demand reduction because treatment and prevention efforts are inadequate and strategy has evolved little over the last three decades.
In this essay, the author
Opines that the office of national drug control policy should shift its current policy formulation efforts to only drug demand reduction because treatment and prevention efforts are inadequate.
Explains that reagan established the office of national drug control policy (ondcp) following the anti-abuse act of 1988, amidst mounting risk of drug dependence becoming more pervasive in american workplaces.
Compares the ondcp's international and domestic strategy efforts with president reagan’s preference for aggressive use of law enforcement and military for eradication of south american poppy and coca crops.
Opines that the office of national drug control policy should shift its current policy formulation efforts to only drug demand reduction because treatment and prevention efforts are inadequate.
Explains that reagan established the office of national drug control policy (ondcp) following the anti-abuse act of 1988, amidst mounting risk of drug dependence becoming more pervasive in american workplaces.
Compares the ondcp's international and domestic strategy efforts with president reagan’s preference for aggressive use of law enforcement and military for eradication of south american poppy and coca crops.
Explains that the ondcp follows the same bifurcated approach to its policy implementation as it did in the late 1980s. the international premise of drug demand reduction may have more to do with prevention and treatment experts working with their international partners.
Explains that the ondcp has reached a decisive point on its strategic way ahead due to the restructuring and demotion of its authority within the executive office.
Argues that the reduction of the ondcp authority lends itself to reformulating a vision for future engagement. the department of justice and the dhs should now take lead for policy and execution for drug supply reduction internationally and at home.
Opines that the post 9/11 world offers opportunity for the ondcp to focus solely on demand reduction, but it will not benefit the american public if adequate measures for successful prevention and treatment are not definable by all associated stakeholders.
Argues that rehabilitating adult american's and preventing youth from the scourge of drugs will result in a more productive and secure nation.
Cites eddy, m., and carnevale's work on the 2011 national drug control strategy.
States larence, e., office of national drug control policy: agencies view the budget process as useful for identifying priorities, but challenges exist.
Cites the office of national drug control policy's report, "reduce the threat, incidence and prevalence of violent crime and drug trafficking: fy 2011 overview".