Machining is the most widespread metal shaping process in mechanical manufacturing industry. All over the world, machining operations such as turning, milling, boring, drilling and shaping consume large amount of money annually (Sharma et al., 2009). Material cutting also known as machining is one of the most used techniques for producing different components. In the machining processes a cutting tool removes material from a workpiece of a less resistant material. The removed material called chip or swarf slides on the tool face and leaves the workpiece material. As a result of this process the cutting tool would be subjected to high normal and shear stresses (Shokrani et al., 2012). Most of the mechanical energy used to form the chip becomes …show more content…
This can be achieved by machining at the highest cutting speed without affecting tool life, reducing the scrap parts and minimize downtime. During machining process, lots of parameters could affect the cutting condition. Although machining operations can be carried out “dry”, cutting fluids have been used extensively and play a significant role in machining areas. Cutting fluids affect the productivity of machining operations, tool life and quality of workpiece. Also, they prevent the cutting tool and machine from overheating. The proper application of cutting fluids provides higher cutting speeds and higher feed rates (Tazehkandi et al., 2014). A cutting fluid can be defined as any substance which is applied to a tool during a cutting operation to facilitate removal of chips. In the beginning, cutting fluids consisted of simple oils applied with brushes to lubricate and cool the machine tool. As cutting operations became more severe, cutting fluid formulations became more complex. Today’s there are several types of metal cutting fluids (MCFs) that can be extensively classified as straight fluids, petrochemical, synthetic, semi- synthetic fluids, soluble fluids and vegetable based cutting fluids (VBCFs) (Ozcelik et al., 2011). The cutting fluids are composed in their production phase of two components: base fluid and additives. Base fluids are either oil or water. Oil based cutting fluids consist mainly of mineral oil, alternatively synthetic or vegetable oils. Water based fluids can be divided into dilutions and emulsions. The water based dilutions are generally clear and chemically stable fluids composed of water and non-organic and/ or organic substances. A water based emulsion is a milky and stable disperse mixture. For example mineral oil, plant oil ester or animal fat esters can be emulsified into water (Winter et al., 2013). Cutting
These globules act as a lubricant, decreasing the friction coefficient between the tools and the materials by creating discontinuities of chip fragmentation. Therefore, it reduces cutting force and then, the tool wear rate is minimized [13]. Different alloying elements help to improve the machinability are usually added to brass. The most common element used in this situation is lead, which improves the machinability with excellent chip breakage, low tool wear and high applicable cutting parameters. These aspects can be explained by two basic phenomena; in the first, the solubility of lead in brass is extremely low and lead segregates in the entire microstructure, particularly at the grain boundaries.
Fabrication at the factory utilizes a mix of robotics and manual labor to produce the body of the V-Rod. Robots that are designed to cut pipe are capable of completing a single operation within 3 seconds. Other fabrication robots utilize 1800 watt lasers that can perform cutting operations at the rate of 100 inches per minute. Where robotics can be used to perform high speed cutting and welding operations, skilled workers are a...
Sheet Metal Forming is a process of making a flat sheet metal into a desired shape part without excessive localized thinning or Fracture.
In ship breaking process, at first materials such as wooden furniture, electrical goods, motors, cooler etc. are taken from the ship. The scrappers then collect oil residue and lubricants manually from the ship by pumping oil. The refused and non-extractable oil are thrown into the seawater. Finally the iron bodies of the ships are being cut into pieces...
By Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHA) definition any operator of electric or gas welding and cutting equipment is called a "welder" and "welding operator". The standard 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Q which pertains to welding, cutting, and brazing. The standard consists of 5 parts, they include: 1910.251 Definitions, 1910.252 General requirements, 1910.253 Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting, 1910.254 Arc welding and cutting, 1910.255 Resistance welding. It is a rather diverse standard covering all aspects of industrial and commercial applications specializing in safety aspects, guidelines, and requirements as well as proper use and operating procedures.
too high or too low it will miss part of the material. A Cutting speed
Technical Report The Construction of Alloy Wheels Introduction Aluminium alloy wheels are now used in all branches of Motor Racing, ranging from Touring cars and Rally cars to Formula One cars. The Alloy wheels offer far superior mechanical properties than the conventional steel wheels formerly used. These benefits include reduced un-sprung weight, i.e. not held by the suspension, providing more precise steering input and improved responsiveness. Alloy wheels also improve acceleration and braking due to the reduction of weight. The added strength of a quality alloy wheel can significantly reduce wheel/tire deflection in cornering.
Porting and Polishing is a step by step process. There are many steps to Porting and Polishing, six to be exact. There are many tools that will be needed in this process too. Porting and Polishing is just basically when you just smooth out the ports where the air flows through the head into the cylinder without restriction. You will get two effects out of this. You will have more horsepower do to colder and more denser air. You will also get better gas mileage. This research paper will discuss how to port and polish a head.
The main focus of this technology is to produce part, as soon as possible to their final shape and flexibility. The technology also must generate opportunity to reduce the productive step for given process chain. The fundamental target incorporate several other advantages such as reduction of process variability, quality improvement in the finished product and the possibility to focus the design of mechanical devices on functional feature, elimi...
You will realize that wood is a wonderful medium to work on and one of the best ways to express one’s creativity with it is to indulge in woodworking. Woodworking requires expertise and skills so that you can meet customer’s satisfaction. One of the foremost requisites is the ability to handle tools which are involved in this activity. There are a number of tools that are used to facilitate woodworking. These tools can be broadly categorized as hand tools and power tools depending on whether they require electricity to be operated or not.
Advanced CNC fabrication tools and 3D printing machines have made notable improvements in the construction industry. The benefits of this new approach have been developed over many years to increase...
Forging, one of many manufacturing process, is where metal is pressed, pounded or squeezed under great pressure into high strength parts known as forgings. The process begins with starting stock which is heated to its plastic deformation temperature, then upset between dies to the desired shape and size. It is important to note that the forging process is entirely different from the casting (or foundry) process, as metal used to make forged parts is never melted and poured (as in the casting process). During this hot forging process, coarse grain structure is broken up and replaced by finer grains. Mechanical properties are therefore improved through reduction of cast structure, voids and segregation. Forging also provides means for aligning
AIM: Determination of Viscosity of Lubricating oil at different temperatures by Redwood Viscometer No.1 or 2
Steel manufacturing has many different processes and can be a very complex to manufacture. Firstly the iron ore needs to be mined out of the ground before steel production can begin.From this process of mining the steel can then start it production process and begin the vital three stages needed to produce steel. Firstly a very intensive heat source needs to be produced to melt the iron ore. After this stage the intensive heat generated in the furnace is used to melt the iron ore. Then at its third stage the molten iron is used to produce steel this process will almost always take place at the same facility because of the intense heating and continuous production line like process.
Mechanical engineering is a type of engineering which applies principles of physics and material science for the purpose of analyzing, designing, manufacturing and maintaining of mechanical systems (Gorp, 2005). It is involved with the production and usage of mechanical power in the operation of various machines and tools. Mechanical engineering is considered to be the most diverse engineering and has its breadth derived from the need to design tools and manufacture products which range from small individual parts to large systems. Mechanical engineering, as thought of by scholars, is related to Aerospace engineering, Manufacturing and Mechanical engineering (Van et al, 2011).