Metabolism is defined the sum of all chemical reactions which occur and are involved in sustaining life of a cell, and thus an organism. Metabolism is of two types: Catabolism: in this process molecules break down producing energy
Anabolism: in this process synthesis of essential compounds needed by the cells are produced (such as DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis).
Bioenergetics describes the metabolic pathways by which a cell obtains energy. Nutrition science studies the relation between the food substance and living things. The study deals with:
1) Body requirements of various substances.
2) The function of various substances in the body.
3) The amount of the substances needed.
4) The lower levels below which health gets affected.
The food which we eat supplies energy (calories) and supplies essential chemicals which the body cannot synthesize by itself. Food provides substances that are essential for building and repair of body tissues. Food provides substances for efficient functioning of the body.
Energy is trapped in complex chemical compounds and nutrients. These compounds are broken down to obtain energy. Humans acquire energy from carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The chemical energy in these molecules is altered into thermal, kinetic, and other chemical forms.
NUTRIENTS
Lipids, Carbohydrates, and proteins serve as a fuel for the human body. The nutrients are broken down into smaller units in the alimentary tract and are absorbed into the blood. The chemical energy of digestive end products is transformed into useful work by the tissues and the cells. The majority of the absorbed products contain monosaccharides, glucose, and monoacylglycerol, long chain of fatty acids, peptides and amino acids. Once these prod...
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...o reactions.
CONCLUSION
Proper regulation is carried out in the transformation of chemical energy of fuel molecules into useful energy. Several factors control the use of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids by cells. All cells do not have proper enzyme machinery and compartments to use all the three molecules. Red blood cells are cannot oxidize fatty acids and amino acids as they are devoid of mitochondria. The substrate used by the cell changes according to the physiological situation of the cell. Such situations are commanded by different signals. The hormones exert powerful effects that can change the whole cell metabolic profile. Therefore, one should know all the metabolic pathways which control the energy conversion and regulation.
Works Cited
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/nutrient-utilization-in-humans-metabolism-pathways-14234029
Food as we know is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. Food therefore is very important for our body maintenance and all the growth processes. The importance of food and eating cannot be overemphasized but the question remains; can we eat anything and everything
Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body. Metabolism is a continuous process because the molecules and even most cells of the body have brief lifetimes and are constantly replaced, while tissue as a whole maintains its characteristic structure. This constant rebuilding process without a net change in the amount of a cell constituent is known as dynamic equilibrium (Grolier1996). In the combustion of food, oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is given off. The rate of oxygen consumption indicates the energy expenditure of an organism, or its metabolic rate (Grolier1996).
Enzymes are biomolecules that catalyze or assist chemical reactions. ("Enzyme Information - Disabled World", n.d.,) Without enzymes it would be impossible for an organism to carry out chemical reactions. Enzymes are proteins that carry a chemical reaction for a specific substance or nutrient. For example, the digestive enzymes help food to be broken down so it can be absorbed. Enzymes can either initiate the reaction or speed it up. Substrates are the chemicals that are transformed by enzymes. (Gunsch & Foster, 2014) Reactants are the chemicals in the absence of enzymes. Metabolic pathways that occur in a cell are determined by a set of enzymes which are selective for their substrates and catalyze only a few reactions among the many possibilities.
What makes food important to a good civilization today? Well if you went up to someone and asked why is food so important to us they’re probably going to say “well we have to have something that gives us energy and a way to live.” And If you were thinking of something else of why food is not good element to this civilization think again and if you still think it’s not, you’re wrong. The reason why food is very important to us is because, food gives us energy and it’s the reason
Food influences us in many ways. These ways include food as nutrition, how we see nature, in our culture, it is a social good, it is a source of inspiration in an artful way, food is a primordial desire, and food influences our spirituality. Food is a substance that derives from the environment in the form of plants, animals, or water. The primary function of food is to provide nourishment to an organism. It is a basic necessity that all humans want and need in order to live. Food has an intrinsic value separate from its instrumental value to satisfy human needs. Food has a significant impact on a culture. Each society determines what is food, what is acceptable to eat, and when certain things are consumed. Food is the object of hunger
The absorptive state is the time during and right after eating a meal. The absorptive state lasts for four hours, during and after each meal. During this state glucose is the most important energy fuel. Amino acids and fats are used to form degraded protein, and small amounts are used to provide ATP. Metabolites are transformed to fat if they are not used for anabolism. Glucose is formed by the conversion of fructose and galactose, which are stored in the liver from the entrance of monosaccharides. Glucose is released into the blood, or converted to glycogen and fat. Some glucose enters the liver and is used for energy, and any that is not used will be stored in skeletal muscle as glycogen or in adipose cells as fat. Liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose cells use triglycerides as their primary energy source. Amino acid are also used by the liver to synthesize plasma proteins. Essentially all of the events that occur in the absorptive state are directed by insulin.
Our body needs energy to carry out its functions properly. This energy is synthesized from the food we eat. Our body breaks down the food we take in and then build up the required materials for a healthy functioning of our body. Glucose, a simple sugar or monosaccharide that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion, is a primary source of energy for living things. (Taber’s, 2005). Glucose gets absorbed from our intestines and distributed by the bloodstream to all of the cells in our body. If the supply of glucose is more than required, our body stores the excess amount of glucose as glycogen, a chain of glucose. If there is shortage in other hand, our body uses the stored...
Nutrition in humans is a product that require to supply the human body to function, nutrients also helps to prevent any disease in human organs.
When the Coris began to study carbohydrate metabolism, it was believed that glucose, a type of carbohydr...
When something gives us energy, it means more than to just give us the required power to work or move along for such a specific task. In biological terms, it means to have your energy be transported through your body and placed by cells into biomolecules. Biomolecules such as lipids and carbohydrates. It then stores that energy in our body.
Our metabolism, “the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions”, manages energy usage and production of cells. We use energy constantly and our metabolism breaks down food through complex chemical reactions into energy our cells
Nutrition is the process of obtaining and consuming the right nutrients you need in order to grow and survive. These nutrients consist of water, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, and fats. What you choose to eat has a significant impact on your well being, growth and overall health. Bad nutrition can lead to lifelong consequences such as Diabetes, High blood pressure, Obesity, Cardiovascular disease and even some Cancers. A healthy diet helps people manage a desirable body weight and composition that allows them to do their daily mental and physical activities (Youdim 1). If you eat the correct meals it provides energy and even helps boost your immune system. There are many examinations available to you to check if you’re on the
Madar, Sylvia S., & Windelspecht, Michael. (2014). Inquiry into Life, Metabolism: Energy & Enzymes (pp. 104-107). New York: McGraw Hill.
Nutrition is the process of nurturing or being nourished; the total of all the processes that a plant or animal uses to take in and process food substances to maintain a healthy life. A healthy nutrition life style requires a balanced diet of food selected from the five basic food groups, fruits, vegetables, naturally calcium rich dairy products or calcium enriched products, whole grains, and protein (lean meat fish, peas and beans). Other nutritional factors should also be considered. Most fruits and vegetables are better if they are consumed raw because heating destroys some of the healthy nutrients. Steaming and broiling food is better than boiling or frying foods. Preparing fresh fruits and vegetables is better than processed or prepared
...ts. It is important to understand which substances need to be consumed more than others and also why the body needs to consume a substance. Proper diet and nutrition is a vital component to a long and healthy life.