Laboratory 12: Metabolism and Respiration
1) Introduction
a) Background Information: Living organism need energy need energy to survive day by day and we obtain this energy through the process of cellular respiration. During the course of this lab, we tested the effects that exercise, Mountain Dew Kick start, Twizzlers, and coffee have on the bodies respiration rates and CO2 production. ATP is required for muscle movement and our muscles are continually using ATP, but ATP does not last for long periods so it has to be produced at a fast pace often. The pH indicator phenol red can be used to test how much CO2 is being produced by changing to the color yellow. Phenol red turns yellow when C)2 is produced and the amount of C)2 that is produced can be predicted by how quickly the phenol red changes. . If more CO2 is being produced, more respiration is occurring and if the respiration rate increases the body needs more oxygen.
b) Purpose: This labs purpose is to use Phenol Red solution to determine the amount CO2 produced by the human body after it undergoes certain conditions which will in turn help us measure metabolism and respiration rate of human body’s.
c) Hypothesis: The dependent variable, CO2 and pulse rate, will increase when exercise or caffeine is consumed or performed. These independent variables cause pulse rate and CO2 production to increase because the human body needs more energy that is produced through cellular respiration. The sugar in this experiment will have very little, if any effect on the body’s pulse rate and CO2. cellular respiration.
2) Experimental Method
a) Equipment Needed:
Clock Twizzlers Beaker
Phenol Red Solution Graduated Cylinder
Straws Coffee Mountain Dew Kickstart
b) Data Collecting:
(1) B...
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...ducing more CO2. Pulse rates were recorded to see if the independent variable would affect each members pulse and after looking at the data you can clearly see that the pulses did in fact rise for all members.
c) Conclusion: The consumption of sugar, caffeine, or performing exercise can increase heart rate and the production of CO2. These independent variables can cause the participants heart to pump more blood and require more energy, which causes the body top produce more CO2. The more CO2 that is produced, the more respiration occurs.
References
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This lab experiment was conducted in a Texas Woman’s University exercise physiology lab room, on September 20, 2013. It consisted of two main participants: A trained participant (Male; 30 years old; 72 in. tall; 82.9 kg) and an untrained participant (Female; 20 years old; 65 in. tall; 75 kg). They were selected by my Prof. April Hartman to participate because they were best qualified to conduct the study in our class. Both participants were assigned to carry out the same experimental task. The Bruce Protocol (graded test) on a treadmill (mode of exercise) was used to conduct the VO2max test. The materials needed were: 1 metabolic cart (with computers); 2 mouthpieces; 1 nose clip; 1 treadmill; 1 RPE scale; 1 timer; pen; paper; and a HR monitor.
This also caused an increase in demand of oxygen to the cardiac muscle so it’s not a good thing (Ignatavicius &Workman, 2013, p. 747).
VA Cornelissen, B Verheyden, AE Aubert and RH Fagard. Effects of aerobic training intensity on resting, exercise and post-exercise blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate variability. Journal of Human Hypertension (2010) 24, 175–182. Ebsohost. Available from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.elmhurst.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1e07b620-5e31-4733-ac67-63170534f7b3%40sessionmgr115&vid=2&hid=126
Adenosine is a natural chemical found in the body which binds to respective adenosine receptors in the sinoatrial node and slows down the activity of the nerve cells. Caffeine also binds to these receptors which results in the activity of these nerve cells to increase. Caffeine consumption also causes the adrenaline hormone to be released into the body, further increasing the speed of bodily functions. Caffeine also constricts blood vessels which is why some headache medicine and painkillers contain sources of caffeine. 2 cups of strong coffee has been shown to increase heart rate in humans by about 15 beats per minute.
... uptake during submaximal exercise but did increase heart rate and the rate-pressure product at rest and during both exercise and recovery’.
All living organisms require energy. In order to obtain energy, cells within the organisms must go through the processes of cellular respiration and/or fermentation. The way in which “oxidation of glucose leads to ATP production” is emphasized in cellular respiration (Freeman et al., 2014).
The data for my experiment showed that as time went by the heart rate increase followed by a major decrease known as a crash. A crash occurs when your heart rate increases so fast all at once that when the caffeine’s effect wares off the heart rate drops rapidly. Energy Drinks are known to give you energy, but part of the agreement that comes with consuming these types of drinks is being ready for the consequence. Some consequences are more severe than others. My hypothesis was proven to be correct. Your heart rate does increase over time due to the amount of caffeine the energy drink
Interval training brings many benefits to the aerobic system. Perhaps the most important benefit is an increase in its capacity to produce energy. This is brought about by increased capacity to consume oxygen during exercise. Several experiments have yielded results demonstrating that interval training increases both VO2 peak (Perry, 2008) and VO2 max (Sloth, 2013). Oxygen is necessary for the conversion of sugar, protein, and lipids into usable energy. The chemical processes involved in aerobic metabolism are not possible without oxygen, particularly the electron transport chain, the mechanism responsible for 95% of the ATP needed to keep cells alive. Oxygen is necessary to capture the large amount of energy locked in the chemical bonds of pyruvic acid, the product of the anaerobic process glycolysis. Thus, the more oxygen the body is able to consume, the greater production of ATP via the aerobic system.
During the first one or two minutes of exercise, before the heart has pumped enough oxygenated blood to the working muscles, the muscles are powered by anaerobic energy. In order for these muscles to continue exercise, the body must supply them with continuous supply of oxygen, the more efficiently this is done, the better the cardiovascular fitness level. During cardiovascular conditioning, a program such as interva...
Diet and exercise were the only 2 doable and so my partner and I chose exercise. We determined that as the intensity of an exercise increased, so did the heart rate of the person performing it. Hypothesis – I predict that as the intensity increases during exercise, the heart rate will also increase. I think this is because your body needs oxygen in order to efficiently break down glucose and process it into your cells.
Many people know when you exercise for long periods of time; your breathing becomes more shallow and quick. The main human organ system used when exercising is the respiratory system. There are two types of respiration your body can carry out, aerobic, with oxygen, and anaerobic, without. The reason for getting tired from exercise is because when the body runs out of the oxygen it needs, anaerobic respiration takes its place. This respiration has no oxygen which means the body releases less energy and produces lactic acid. Lactic acid is a poisonous waste product that stops muscles contracting and relaxing. In this investigation, I will be finding out whether exercise that has two different types of respiration has a strong affect on the heart and its’ cardiac cycle.
Cain, M. L., Urry, L. A., & Reece, J. B. (2010). Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings.
Caffeine acts much like stress, increasing heart rate, blood pressure and levels of stress hormones, Caffeine consumption can double your blood levels of the stress hormones cortisol and epinephrine causing
From my reading I learned that cellular respiration is a multi-step metabolic reaction type process that takes place in each living organism 's cell rather it be plant or animal. It’s my understanding that there are two types of cellular respiration, one called aerobic cellular respiration which required oxygen and anaerobic cellular respiration that does not require oxygen. In the anaerobic cellular respiration process, unlike the aerobic process oxygen is not required nor is it the last electron acceptor there by producing fewer ATP molecules and releasing byproducts of alcohol or lactic acid. The anaerobic cellular respiration process starts out exactly the same as anaerobic respiration, but stops part way through due to oxygen not being
During internal respiration, energy, known as ATP, is also released. This is used in many reactions within the cells. Energy needed by the body is stored in food and the process of tissue respiration releases this energy. The oxygen oxidises glucose and produces energy. This is known as aerobic respiration. The equation for the oxidation of glucose is;