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Merger and Acquisition IN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Merger and Acquisition IN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
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Mergers and Acquisitions
Introduction
Mergers and acquisitions or M&A for short. are a big part of the corporate finance world. Every day, wall street in the united states for example arrange M&A transactions that bring together separate companies to make larger ones. However in Kuwait there were never any mergers act only one in acquisition (example: Kuwait investment company with trading and contracting investment company), When they're not creating big companies from smaller ones, corporate finance deals do the reverse and break up companies through spin-offs, carve-outs, or tracking stocks.
Not surprisingly, these types of actions often make the news. Deals can be worth hundreds of millions or even billions of KD, and they can dictate the fortunes of the companies involved for years to come. For CEOs, leading M&A can represent the pinnacle of their careers. Next time you flip open the al-Qabas or al-Watan newspaper's business section, odds are good at least one headline will announce some kind of M&A transaction.
Mergers and acquisition
Before going any deeper we must understand the meaning of both mergers and acquisitions :
let's begin with definitions. There are a number of terms used that frequently get confused partly because of their similarity in meaning.
The definition (short summary):
1. Mergers:
A full joining together of two previously separate corporations or companies. A true merger in the legal sense occurs when both businesses dissolve and fold their assets and liabilities into a newly created third entity. This entails the creation of a new corporation, there were never any mergers companies to be mention in Kuwait, however in the united states there more than few for example the deals between many of the largest and most successful global firms such as Daimler-Chrysler, Chase-J.P. Morgan, McKinsey-Envision, UBS-Paine Webber, Credit Sussie-DLJ, Celltech-Medeva, SKB-Glaxo, NationsBank-Bank of America, AOL-Time Warner, Pfizer-Warner Lambert, Nestle-Purina
.etc.
2. Acquisition:
Taking possession of another business. Also called a takeover or buyout. The process of gaining control, possession or ownership of a private portfolio company by an operating company or conglomerate.
The main idea is:
a merger or acquisition. The key principle behind buying a company is to create shareholder value over and above that of the sum of the two companies. Two companies together are more valuable than two separate companies--at least, that's the reasoning behind M&A.
This rationale is particularly alluring to companies when times are tough. Strong companies will act to buy other companies to create a more competitive, cost-efficient company.
Leadership succession in a merger of equals is an article, which examines the implications of leadership succession in an extreme form of mergers, a merger of equals, can yield important findings to better understand what allows some mergers to succeed while others fail (Cheng, 2012). Mergers and acquisitions are much more common these days and only a few of them end up being successes. Even though mergers and acquisitions do not result in much success rate, many organizations still prefer it because, it is used as a cooperative strategy but nowadays it is used for cooperative development. Cultural differences and merger integration can be considered as an important factor in the failure rate, but this study mainly focused on the choice of leadership succession and merge of equals. Mergers of Equals Mergers of equals is the combination of two organizations of similar size to form a single organization.
The September Duke University/CFO Business Outlook survey indicates that three-quarters of the CFOs surveyed expect M&A activity to slow. Of particular interest is the suddenness of this change in expectations. In the prior quarter’s survey, the majority of surveyed CFOs expected M&A to “stay strong through the remainder of 2007.”
Gaughan, P. A., 2002. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate restructuring. 3rd ed.New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Berry, A. W. (2010, May 31). Advantages and disadvantages of acquisitions and mergers. Retrieved from http://www.helium.com/items/1561489-mergers-and-acquisitions
The purpose of this paper is to attempt to recompile information about the merger of two corporations; one of many taking places i...
These distinctions make people different. These two words, among many, can be the boundary between the perpetrator and the victim. According to the perpetrator, these words determine who is different and who does not deserve equal treatment. What I find interesting is that people can sometimes forget something: everyone is different from everyone else. Our own DNA sequence is proof of that (with the exception of identical twins, but even they have their differences). So why can we not just be considered those unique human beings we are? If it were as simples as that, violence would probably not exist. Yet, because nobody is perfect, just as everyone is different, our world will never be
The soft factors can make or break a successful change process, since new structures and strategies are difficult to build upon inappropriate cultures and values. These problems often come up in the dissatisfying results of spectacular mega-mergers. The lack of success and synergies in such mergers is often based in a clash of completely different cultures, values, and styles, which make it difficult to establish effective common systems and structuresBased on the case study, extensive research and annual reports of AT&T the writer has mapped AT&T in the different domains. AT&T should strive to attain a perfect circle as close to the centre as possible, which indicates total synergy, order and equilibrium. Where the circle is skewed drastic change is needed as it moves closer to the outer ring of chaos:
For example, take the two terms overweight and obese. Most people believe that these words are one in the same, but they are not. “ Obesity means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. The weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water. Both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what's considered healthy for his or her height” (Obesity).
As the business, people put it, to maximize the wealth of shareholders (Peavler, 2016). This could be done by pursuing more of an immediate reason that will realize the shareholders wealth maximization goal. However, this main reason may fail to be realized as most mergers depict negative results.
Moore, P. (n.d.) Target to add PFresh grocery concept at 350 stores. Business News – The Business Journals. Retrieved March 13, 2012, from http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2009/11/16/daily32.html
There are financial risks of merging with or acquiring an organization, this is why you must have a strategic plan in place in order to benefit. Companies merge with other companies for one main reason: to make money. A vertical merger happens when a company moves up or down its own product line. The sensible reason for merging with or acquiring a company is that it makes financial sense. In November 2004 Sears and Kmart said that they were going to be merging together; this combination would become the largest retail merger that there is.
As a result of increased number of merger and acquisition (M&A) over the years, there is nothing that companies feel pains more than controversial goodwill accounting. Goodwill is a special asset that only exists when an acquisition takes place. So why would firms choose to make deals over M&A and create headache? Usually, companies have options to grow internally through making better operation or diverse investment projects, but more often companies choose to expand externally to create synergy value. Companies agrees to pay more than a company’s perceived fair market value by little premium or even high premium to obtain control over the net assets, it is betting on the potential growth of the purchased companies. M&As are very complex and high risk processes due to many aspects.
When two companies decide to combine forces and become one bigger, richer mega company, it is called merging. This process forms a new company, combining the money and ideas of what used to be two different entities into one. This, however, is not the only thing that results from merging two different companies, and since we will be discussing the merging of two companies in the pharmaceutical industry, the impact will be incredible. Of course, the merging of two companies will not only have positive impacts but it will have many negative side effects as well. Furthermore, depending on the size of the merging companies and the goals of the people leading these companies there will always be contradictions according to the long-term goals or short-term goals depending on what both parties’ interests are. Our company, Verduga Inc. is contemplating to merge with Coronado-Salinas Inc., so before we rush into such a merger we must contemplate the positive and negative aspects of such a move. When it comes to mergers there are always many possible positive and negative impacts due to the effects of merging; these effects more widely impact the fields on research and development, on employment and management, stocks and shareholders, monopolization, and ingenuity.
Mergers and acquisitions immediately impact organizations with changes in ownership, in ideology, and eventually, in practice. There are multiple reasons, motives, economic forces and institutional factors that can, taken together or in isolation, influence corporate decisions to engage in mergers or acquisitions. The financial risks of merging with or acquiring an organization in another country and how those risks can be mitigated are important issues for corporations to conduct research on. This paper will examine the sensible and dubious reasons for mergers and acquisitions and the benefits and costs of the cash and stock transactions.
When entrepreneurs plan their business future they will consider how they can increase their business size or profit in a short period. Entrepreneurs may consider growing their business or company by using a merger or an acquisition. These methods can be a speed up tool and a short cut to enlarge their business. (Burns, 2011) Also they can reduce competition, make it easier for entrepreneurs to think about the market and product development and risk reduction. Furthermore, some lesser – known companies can improve their firm’s image and market power by using merger and acquisition with larger firms. However, there may be risks associated with merger and acquisition related to lack of finance and time. (Burns, 2011) This essay will discuss more deeply the advantages and disadvantages of using mergers and acquisitions, showing how it can affect firms and market with the case study.