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Case study mergers life cycle
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MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
In basic terms, when two companies join to form a new company, it is called a merger; whereas, when one company buys the other where no new company formation is done it is called acquisition. Technically, mergers happen between two same sized companies. Stocks for both the companies are surrendered and new company’s stocks are issued. For example, when Chrysler and Daimler-Benz merged, a new company called DaimlerChrysler was created. On the contrary, when a purchase happens and the buyer ‘swallows’ the target company wherein it ceases to exist is called an acquisition. How a deal is announced and whether the purchase is hostile or friendly is what determines whether it is considered as a merger or an acquisition.
The mergers can be horizontal, vertical, co-generic, or conglomerate in nature. Horizontal mergers happen between firms of the same industry segment. A merger in same industry but in different fields is called a vertical merger. Co-generic merger is a kind in which the two companies merging are in some way related to the business markets, production processes or basic technologies required. When companies of different industrial sectors combine their operations, it is called a conglomerate merger. Acquisitions can be either congenial or hostile.
Mergers and acquisitions happen because in tough times, companies hope to benefit by acquiring new technologies, staff reductions, reaching economies of scale quicker, and improved market reach and industry visibility. This is the ideal scenario for a merger, but many a times it’s the opposite case. Such synergy might just be in the minds of the leaders of the two companies, and may or may not create an enhanced value. Regardless of the category of...
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... leader to acquire Suzuki Powertrain India Ltd (SPIL). SMC holds a 70 per cent stake in its subsidiary SPIL, while the balance is held by MSI.
This merger is beneficial because it brings all Maruti Suzuki diesel engine operations under a single management. This was done due to the increasing dieselisation of the Indian market. This would help in bringing down costs and would also provide more elasticity to meet market demand fluctuations. It would help create a cohesive diesel strategy as it will provide synergies in finance and capital. SPIL supplies 3 lakh diesel engines and transmissions to MSI every year. As per the understanding, the swap ratio has been fixed at 1:70, which means SMC will receive one share of MSI of Rs.5 each for every 70 shares of Rs.10 each it holds in SPIL. There would be no reduction in jobs due to this merger but books of accounts merged.
A merger is a partial or total combination of two separate business firms and forming of a new one. There are predominantly two kinds of mergers: partial and complete. Partial merger usually involves the combination of joint ventures and inter-corporate stock purchases. Complete mergers are results in blending of identities and the creation of a single succeeding firm. (Hicks, 2012, p 491). Mergers in the healthcare sector, particularly horizontal hospital mergers wherein two or more hospitals merge into a single corporation, are increasing both in frequency and importance. (Gaughan, 2002). This paper is an attempt to study the impact of the merger of two competing healthcare organization and will also attempt to propose appropriate clinical and managerial interventions.
Brenda, I must start by saying I am not in total agreement with the notion that mergers and acquisitions are fast and efficient ways to get into new markets. Casing point the current case of wellcome, no one could prove to me in any way that this merger was anything close to efficient. I would, however, agree that it can be a faster way to get into a new market and consolidate resources. Per (Hussinger, 2010), technology acquisitions can strengthen the firms’ technological competencies, on the one hand. A bundling of competencies can be important in order to stay competitive in fast-growing markets. Effective communication in my view can be one of the key ingredients to having a successful merger. It
It is proper to present a business definition of merger as it found on legal reference with the ultimate goal in the pursuing of an explanation on which this paper intents to present. A merger in accordance with the textbook is legally defined as a contractual and statuary process in which the (surviving corporation) acquires all the assets and liabilities of another corporation (the merged corporation). The definition go even farther to involve and clarify about what happen to shares by explaining the following; “the shareholders of the merged corporation either are paid for their share or receive the shares of the surviving corporation”. But in simple terms is my attempt to define as the product or birth of a corporation on which typically extends its operation by combining with another corporation. So from two on existence corporations in the process it gets absorbed into becomes one entity. The legal definition also implied more than meet the eye. The terms contractual and statuary, it implied a process on which contracts and statuary measures emerge as measures to regulate, standardized, governing or simply at times may complicate whole process. These terms provide an explicit umbrella and it becomes as part of the agreement formulating or promoting a case for contracts to be precedent, enforced or regulated in a now or in the future under a court of law under the Contract Business Law Statue of Practice. As for what happens to the shares of the involved corporations no more explanation is needed as the already actions mentioned clearly stated of the expectations of a merge’s share involvement.
The Meaning of Vertical and Horizontal Integration Horizontal integration is where an organisation owns two or more companies, on the same level of the buying chain. An example of this is the First Choice Group; they own First Choice Travel Agency and First Choice Hypermarket, both of which are on the same level of the buying chain. The advantage of horizontal integration is that it can increase the company’s market share. Another good example of this type of integration is when EasyJet purchased the airline Go from British Airways. Now EasyJet and Go both operate under the company name of EasyJet.
Merging two companies does not exchange any cash between each other. Merging is usually done in free of cost; this is a likely reason for the high revenue made by the AT Kearney despites challenges faced to them.
The soft factors can make or break a successful change process, since new structures and strategies are difficult to build upon inappropriate cultures and values. These problems often come up in the dissatisfying results of spectacular mega-mergers. The lack of success and synergies in such mergers is often based in a clash of completely different cultures, values, and styles, which make it difficult to establish effective common systems and structuresBased on the case study, extensive research and annual reports of AT&T the writer has mapped AT&T in the different domains. AT&T should strive to attain a perfect circle as close to the centre as possible, which indicates total synergy, order and equilibrium. Where the circle is skewed drastic change is needed as it moves closer to the outer ring of chaos:
According to a North American dictionary entry vertical integration is defined as “merging of companies in supply chain: the merging of companies that are in the chain of companies handling a single item from raw material production to retail sale” (“Vertical Integration,” 2009). Though the definition of vertical integration is quite simple the concept is much more complicated than one may think. There are four strategic factors that must be established by business leaders before the implementation of vertical integration can take place that must be well-thought-out in order to achieve any level of success. The factors that influence vertical integration are economic, market, operational, and strategic.
As the business, people put it, to maximize the wealth of shareholders (Peavler, 2016). This could be done by pursuing more of an immediate reason that will realize the shareholders wealth maximization goal. However, this main reason may fail to be realized as most mergers depict negative results.
The merger will help Fujitsu and Toshiba makers share development costs, but the combined unit is unlikely to pose an immediate threat to total leaders such as Nokia and Samsung or even Apple.
A consolidated financial statement can be defined as the financial statements of a parent and its subsidiaries combined to form a single economic entity (AASB 10, 2011). The entity, which acquires the other entity, is known as the parent and the entity, which has been acquired, is known as the subsidiary. Consolidation financial reports arise when one entity purchases another entity, to then form a group.
Mergers and acquisitions immediately impact organizations with changes in ownership, in ideology, and eventually, in practice. There are multiple reasons, motives, economic forces and institutional factors that can, taken together or in isolation, influence corporate decisions to engage in mergers or acquisitions. The financial risks of merging with or acquiring an organization in another country and how those risks can be mitigated are important issues for corporations to conduct research on. This paper will examine the sensible and dubious reasons for mergers and acquisitions and the benefits and costs of the cash and stock transactions.
1. Corporate Law for Ontario Business (2012). Farah Jamal Karmali 2. Business Dictionary (2010). http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/separate-legal-entity.html
Horizontal integration is the process of acquiring or merging with industry competitors (ex. acquisitions and mergers) to increase market share.
When entrepreneurs plan their business future they will consider how they can increase their business size or profit in a short period. Entrepreneurs may consider growing their business or company by using a merger or an acquisition. These methods can be a speed up tool and a short cut to enlarge their business. (Burns, 2011) Also they can reduce competition, make it easier for entrepreneurs to think about the market and product development and risk reduction. Furthermore, some lesser – known companies can improve their firm’s image and market power by using merger and acquisition with larger firms. However, there may be risks associated with merger and acquisition related to lack of finance and time. (Burns, 2011) This essay will discuss more deeply the advantages and disadvantages of using mergers and acquisitions, showing how it can affect firms and market with the case study.
Corporate governance is the set of guidelines that determines the control and organization of a particular company. The company’s board of directors is in charge of approving and reviewing changes to this set of formally established guidelines. Companies have to keep in mind the interests of multiple stakeholders, parties who have an interest in the company. Some of these stakeholders include customers, shareholders, management, and suppliers. Corporate governance’s focus is concentrated on the rights and obligations of three stakeholder groups in particular: the board of directors, management, and shareholders. Corporate governance determines how power is split between these three stakeholders. A company’s board of directors is the main stakeholder that influences the corporate governance of a company (Corporate Governance).