During the early 20th century, dance underwent a major revolution. Previously, dance, specifically ballet, was very rigid and structured. With the turn of the century though, many choreographers began experimenting with techniques and styles that transcended the traditional norms of dance at the time such as the legendary Merce Cunningham. Known for works such as Variations and Nearly Ninety, Merce Cunningham left his impact on the modern dance world with his use of chance operations, his collaboration with various artist and musicians, and later in his life, technology. An apprentice of Martha Graham, Merce went on to teach famous dancers, such as Paul Taylor, who would go on to leave their own footprint in the history of dance.
Born on April 16, 1919 in Centralia, Washington, Mercier Philip Cunningham was the second of three sons. His father, Clifford D. Cunningham, was an attorney in their small town and his mother, Mayme Joach Cunningham, an adventurous mother, who loved traveling the world, and Merce described to have, “an enormous energy and quite independent spirit (Merce Cunningham: A Lifetime of Dance).” At the beginning of his journey, Merce sparked his passion for dance under the study of Maude Barrett, a retired circus performer and vaudevillian (vaudeville was form of theatrical entertainment in the late 19th century and early 20th century, which utilizes pantomime, dance, dialog, and song, and is usually comical (Merriam-Webster)). Barrett was a fellow parishioner and neighbor of Cunningham’s, who ran the local Barrett School of Dance in Centralia. Here, he was paired up with Barrett’s daughter and learned the basics: tap dance. Eventually ballroom dancing would be added to his repertoire. Looking back in time, Merce would note that Barrett’s energy and passion shaped his outlook on dance stating, “It was a kind of theater energy and devotion
Dance is an ever evolving form of art; in much the same way that one can categorize and differentiate between eras and styles of architecture one can also do so with dance. These eras at times have sharp delineations separating them from their antecedents, other times the distinction is far more subtle. Traditional forms of dance were challenged by choreographers attempting to expand the breadth and increase the depth of performance; preeminent among such visionaries was Seattle born dancer and choreographer Mark Morris. Mark Morris' began as one of the millions of hopeful individuals attempting to simply make a career in dance; he not only succeeded but managed to have a lasting effect on the entire landscape of dance.
According to Katherine, “A creative person has to create. It doesn’t really matter what they create. If such a dance wanted to go out and build the cactus gardens where he could, in Mexico, let him do that, but something that is creative has to go on. (Katherine, Dunham, Dancing a life, 2002)”. It has been said that an idol is someone whom everyone looks up to because of the great things they accomplished throughout their life span. Acknowledged as an African American dancer, choreographer, anthropologist, civil activist and writer. Katherine Dunham, not only normally known for the generous acts of kindness but also for the huge impact she had in incorporating different dance styles and creating them into her very own ballet pieces. An influential woman who supported African American culture and believed there shouldn’t be any divisions between people. Not completely another mother of modern dance but a women who greatly influenced modern dance to enhance it in many ways. Katherine is and was famous for her anthropology movement in the world of dance, her creativity and dedication.
In the dance world a staggering number of choreographers have made a lasting impact on the way dance is seen to its audience. Alonzo King’s exceptional oeuvre of work includes him in this great history of significant choreographers. He not only created the link between modern and ballet in the twentieth century, but he bridged the ...
Katherine Dunham led a rich and full life not only as a dancer, but as someone who studied the people she loved, wrote extensively, and stood for causes that meant so much to her. Her legacy lives on not only in the great anthropological studies she did or the important political and social stances she took, but in the modern dance of today. Modern dance, or dance in general for that matter, wouldn’t be what it is today without her studies and influence.
Alvin was born during the Great Depression to two working class parents in Rogers, Texas. His father abandoned the family when Alvin was a mere six months old, leaving him and his mother with the struggle of fending for themselves. The inability for Alvin’s mother to find work led to their move to California in 1942, where Alvin was introduced by a classmate to the most influential person that would be the foundation for his future successful career in modern dance, Lester Horton (DeFrantz 1). Alvin was captivated by Lester’s work, which focuses on building a strong body, and made the executive decision to start his dance training in 1949 when he was eighteen years old. Because Lester Horton’s dance company embraced diversity, and accepted dancers of all ethnicities and backgrounds, Alvin was given the opportunity to do something great with his
Martha Graham is a one of the many 20th century important dancer and she’s also the mother of modern dance. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on May 11 1894. Her teen years she studied dance in Los Angeles. Where she studied was at Denishawn. In 1926 she then had her own dance company in New York City. Martha still was dancing when she was 60 and she also choreographed. In the Autobiography by Victoria Phillips Martha Graham saids this about her Autobiography, “I am not out to make a preach about my life. Some of it has been wonderful and I’ve been very, very fortunate some of it I regret. The things which are, perhaps, too private to ever reveal—one refuses to reveal.” (Phillips 65).
Ballet is one of the world's oldest and newest forms of dance. One man that created new audiences for ballet and mastered the dance to its fullest was none other than George Balanchine. He brought the standard ballet to levels no one has ever seen before. In the world of dance, there have been many wonderful and talented choreographers but Balanchine's work affected the dance world so much that he was a legend long before his death. Not only was he legendary worldwide but also his influenced American Ballet. George Balanchine's unique style of dance created the "American style" of Ballet.
Undoubtedly one of the unique dancers and choreographers in the 20th century was Martha Graham. He was born in the suburb of Allegheny (now Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania, on May 11, 1894 ("Martha Graham Biography."). Martha mentioned that her first dance lesson was when her father told her always remembers that movement never lies (Aoki et al). Martha Graham trained and inspired a generation of performers and choreographers, including diverse artists as Alvin Ailey, Twyla Tharp, Paul Taylor, and Merce Cunningham (Tenaglia). She had an idea that movement should be "fraught with inner meaning, with excitement and surge." Thus in 1926, as an entrepreneur she established her own dance company in New York City. At the same time, she had developed her own unique, highly innovative style that reflected other influences and a unique dance vocabulary that we can define any movement in modern dance (Tenaglia). In fact, Martha Graham revolutionized modern dance.
1.Jack Cole thought that dance wears are fantastic and the dancing itself is like a body architecture. Dancers are body architects. Then he studied how to dance from Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn. Cole learned a lot of dancing styles and tried to mix them together. He was known as the father of “theatrical jazz dance”, and he influenced many other dancers afterwards. In his dance, one of the most obvious features is that there was a small group of dancers on the stage rather than a large one. Cole instructed many actors and dancers after he retired from dancing.
The fine art of modern dance is like many other fields in that it is based on the actions and deeds of those who were pioneers in the field. These pioneers helped to mold modern dance into what it is today. Of the many people who are partially responsible for this accomplishment is Isadora Duncan. Duncan, often referred to as the “mother of modern dance,” inspired many other dancers to the extent that the art of dance would not be the same today without her many contributions.
... social dance. Many people in today’s society enjoy social; dancing. Chapter eleven dance concert, properly planning and establishing a dance concert is of the utmost importance. The partnership with the lighting designer usually takes priority over all other factors. One of the most important issues concerning customers has to do with mobility. The dancer must be able to move comfortably in the costume. The task of producing a dance concert is an overwhelming and tiring one. Chapter twelve dance in education and career in dance, many dance educators present the argument that teaching and learning dance as an art form is obviously absent from the American student education. There has always been and always will be people who have a love, desire, and passion to instruct and learn the art of dance, will ensure an important place for dance in higher education.
The start of American Modern dance began in the 20th century as dancers began to pull away from traditional forms of choreographed dance like ballet. One of the founders of this rapidly modernizing dance movement was Isadora Duncan. Isadora Duncan seeked to create dances that were free with out the rigorous or confined movements of ballet. As a result Isadora Duncan formed a dance style that was reflective of her free spirit. She looked for inspiration in classical Greek arts, social dances and nature. In a speech entitled The Dance of the Future she stated that the future of dance would be similar to the dance of the ancient Greek, natural and free. Consequently she developed a dance style based on improvisation and interpretation. Her dance movements consisted of running, rising, falling and skipping all movements that became the foundation of her dance style.
In the age of conformity, Merce Cunningham has resisted the temptation to remain aligned with his peers. Cunningham has pioneered a new school of thought in dance, and has set the standard for future pioneers. He is passionate about what he does and it has been evident in his works as a dancer and a choreographer.
New Dance is described as a developing art form; this dance was articulated in the early 20th century. According to Chapter 8 in History of Dance book, “the new dance emerged as a response to the ballet that populated the variety shows and music halls, which had a rigid formula of steps and poses” (Kassing). The New Dance was a product of several strands that interlaced together dancers’ studies and backgrounds; these strands and others were woven together in a historical, political, and societal framework. For instance, one strand of New Dance consisted of the concepts, techniques, costumes, and stage settings from around the world. These strands influenced major dancers and choreographers, such as, Isadora Duncan, Loie Fuller, Ruth St. Denis, and Ted Shawn.
I needed to find a source that provided me with evidence of multiple dance teachers’ methods in order to show that they were not using math, indicating that there are other ways of teaching dance that are even more useful than integrating mathematical concepts. I found a source in Library West that supplied this support in the book Talent Abounds: Profiles of Master Teachers and Peak Performers. The chapter entitled “Modern Dance Masters” provided me with the information I needed. The author, Robert F. Arnove, talked with five different dancers, all prominent in the field of modern dance. He discusses the dancers’ ideal techniques/qualities of teaching and learning in a dance setting, all of which he gained through his conversations with them. All of the dancers predominantly discussed the personality of the teachers and students, their creativity and imagination, and their enthusiasm, indicating that they do not perceive a use in involving mathematics within the process of dance education. These dancers were all prominent in the field of modern dance, starting out as thriving performers and turning into prosperous teachers with various student successes of their own. This ensures that their teaching styles were and still will be