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Criminal law essay question actus reus and mens rea
Explain the meaning of mens rea in criminal law
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If someone you knew was injured or killed after being struck by a car ,who would you blame? Many people, including the victim, friends and family of the victim, and the general public, would blame the driver even without having all of the details. Although the driver was the one behind the wheel of the vehicle involved in the accident, it doesn 't necessarily mean they are responsible; there 's always more to the story. Pluto, with a history of fainting, was driving the car that killed an elderly man and injured five school children. At first glance, it may seem like Pluto is at fault for the accident and should be punished accordingly, but if we take a closer look it is evident that it is not that simple. In order for the accused to be convicted …show more content…
This can be answered by means of the two types of mens rea requirements: subjective and objective. If the accused knowingly chose to commit the crime then the mens rea would be considered subjective. Pluto was unaware of his condition, which caused him to faint, at the time of the accident so there is reason to believe he did not have any intent on committing this horrific crime. The objective mens rea looks at the incident from the perspective of a reasonable person. Due to the fact that Pluto had experienced fainting spells previous to the accident, some may say that he neglected to look into the reason behind these spells. They also may say that a reasonable person would have went to the doctor, to determine whether or not they are at risk of it happening again, before something serious happened. I personally believe that a reasonable person would brush off the occasional fainting spell and blame the spells on things such as not eating enough or being dehydrated. Thus, there is no evidence of a guilty mind and the mens rea of the incident cannot be proved. Pluto did not have the wrongful intention of killing the man and injuring the
As pointed out by Meagher JA in Marien v Gardiner it is not possible that the driver could foresee and react to any event that could take place within the area surrounding the vehicle. Therefore, the driver could not have breached his duty of care in any circumstance that an object by chance is to collide with a vehicle on the road.
Why is it that we as human beings feel the need to blame someone for every negative situation, which occurs? If we really look at the situation with any great depth, we may discover that an almost endless amount of things may be 'blamed' for the tragedy blaming an individual is pointless - only fate can really be blamed.
The theories in which I base my decision on are res ipsa loquitor and negligence per se. Res ipsa loquitor means that “it creates a presumption that the defendant was negligent because he or she was in exclusive control of the situation and that the plaintiff would not have suffered an Injury”. Negligence per se means “an act of the defendant that violates a statute regulation or ordinance can be used to establish a breach of the duty of due care” (Mayer et al,. 2014, p. 163). Therefore, the injuries of the Prius driver and the people at the train station, I believe that George is at fault of negligence, because of negligence, carelessness and is foreseeable. Now as for the sparks from the wiring caught that lead to the other chain of events. I feel that George should not be held accountable for negligence, because it was unforeseeable. He could not prevent that it can cause a barn to explode and setting forth a series of
No one was hurt, it was just some windows.” Gresham Sykes and David Matza creators of the neutralization theory noticed that when criminals are arrested they’re quickly to blame others. Neutralization theory is when people break the law, and instead of taking responsibility they’ll point to others instead of themselves. I, myself did that after the rock throwing incident. I blamed my friends, then I kept thinking that since nobody was hurt it wasn’t a big deal. I was just trying to see the situation wasn’t as bad as it really was. The people that cannot take responsibility for their own actions are just immature. It took me a while to realize this, but it was my fault to tag along. I simply could’ve gone home that night. Except, I chose to tag along to not look like I was scared to do it. I figured since my friends do this all the time I can too. For example, when someone goes ten miles over the speed limit and gets pulled over. They will tell the officer that everyone else was speeding so why were they the only ones getting pulled over. That 's when the fingers are pointed to others, instead of taking responsibility for their own actions. The types of techniques of neutralization I used was a denial of injury. I figured since nobody was hurt, that it wasn’t a big deal. I would later come to sense that windows, especially in cars are expensive. Another technique I used was, Appeal to higher loyalties. I believed I should’ve been
Every person who has gets behind the wheel of a motor vehicle will be involved in some sort of automobile collision at some point in his or her lifetime. Traffic accidents account for over twenty thousand deaths each year and more than ten times as many injuries. There are a number of factors that contribute to these types of collisions, however, new and evolving laws can account for a large portion of successful preventable measures. In order for laws to be changed or added for the purpose of safer roads and highways, lawmakers have to first look at what factors contribute to such unsafe conditions. The top five causes of automobile accidents that cause injury are distracted drivers, driver fatigue, drunk driving, speeding, and aggressive driving. Laws can be proposed to reduce and even eliminate each of these risks.
After the incident, I began doing some research on teenage car accidents at the advice of the officer who had responded to the scene. What I read about and learned was frightening. In 2008 over three thousand teen deaths occurred, either as a passenger or driver in a ...
...nsed, disqualified or uninsured driving: Blameless driving and the scope of legal causation. Journal of Criminal Law, 78(1), 16-21. doi: 10.1350
One reason driverless cars should replace human drivers is because they are safer and offer a comprehensive solution to a problem that plagues the entire world – automobile accidents. Currently, according to Ryan C. C. Chin, around 1.2 million deaths occur worldwide each year due to automotive accidents (1) and in the U.S. alone “more than 37,000 people died in car accidents in 2008, 90% of which died from human mistake” (Markoff 2). Most of these accidents involving human error are caused by fatigued, inattentive, or intoxicated drivers. However, according to Sergey Brin’s the Pros and...
Pascale points out that, in general, most people believe that it is the individual’s fault tha...
Commonly, vehicular collisions are considered a negative occurrence. Dave Eggers hints towards this mindset in his short story Accident. Plotted in the middle of an intersection in 2005, the story commences with the main character driving his automobile through the intersection and striking an older Camaro. The three teenagers in the Camaro are fine, but the main character notices all the damage he has done to their vehicle and he fears an unpleasant encounter with them. Dave Eggers uses irony throughout the situation to illustrate the main character’s relief. The characters’ involvement with the collision emphasizes Egger’s theme that no matter how unfortunate an incident, positivity can result.
Finally, if an accident were to occur involving a self-driving car, the question of “who is responsible” is raised. This is a difficult question that needs to be addressed with laws that govern liability in these situations.
When you are not able to control the vehicle or make rational decisions can happen you are much more likely to get into a car accident. Accidents the normally involve other people. Car accidents can be often fatal or life changing. These accidents can involve other people and not just you. One such story is about a couple who just recently got engaged to each other. On their wedding day they were driving down the highway and they we getting on the on ramp and a drunk driver was entering on the exit ramp. The two cars collided head on and seriously injured the woman. The mad was killed in the crash. The drunk driver left the scene. Another story was about a kid and his friends. They were driving they stopped at a stop sign and from behind them was a drunk driver speeding and the driver did not stop and rear-ended them causing the jeep to flip over and kill the kid. HIs friends were able to make it. The drunk driver went home and went to bed without even realising what he
Automobile accidents happen all around us. We see cars in the middle of the road after just rear ending each other. We see cars driving around town with big dents in them. Do you ever stop to wonder how car accidents happen? Physics; that’s how they happen. There are several aspects of physics that apply to automobile accidents.
Mens rea known as the “mental element” of an offence has long been regarded as a crucial factor in criminal law, aiming to ensure that only those who are blameworthy are punished for crimes thus inputting the role of fairness into the criminal law system. H.L.A Hart agreed with this fairness rationale arguing that it would be wrong to convict and punish anyone who had not been given ‘a fair opportunity’ to exercise the capacity for ‘doing what the law requires and abstaining from what it forbids.’ “The general rule is that no crime can be committed unless there is mens rea.” But this is departed from when creating strict liability offences.
Accidents is defined as an unplanned and undesired circumstances resulting in injuries, fatalities and loss or damage of property or assets(safety.ILO, 2011). Accidents are much deeper and beyond the older clichés, accounting to bad luck or fate, almighty’s work or simply being at wrong place at wrong time. But, in todays scientific world it is neither perceived as fate nor as deity’s work but a social problem resulting from a chain of undesired events. Preventing accidents is very arduous task without knowledge of accident phenomenon and the study in the field of accident phenomenon has been very diverse but a basic question has always been raised as why does accident occur? Can there be some common pattern to it? To unravel these mysteries and predict and prevent accidents several theories and model has been postulated in the past and recent times with each having some explanatory and predictive values.