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Meiosis is a specialized form of nuclear division in which there two successive nuclear divisions (meiosis I and II) without any chromosome replication between them. Each division can be divided into 4 phases similar to those of mitosis (pro-, meta-, ana- and telophase). Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes in animals.
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that occurs during formation of sperm and egg cells and gives them the correct number of chromosomes. Since a sperm and egg unite during fertilization, each must have only half the number of chromosomes other body cells have. Otherwise, the fertilized cell would have too many.
Inside the cells that produce sperm and eggs, chromosomes become paired. While they are pressed together, the chromosomes may break, and each may swap a portion of its genetic material for the matching portion from its mate. This form of recombination is called crossing-over. When the chromosomes glue themselves back together and separate, each has picked up new genetic material from the other. The constellation of physical characteristics it determines is now different than before crossing-over.
In Meiosis 1, chromosomes in a diploid cell resegregate, producing four haploid daughter cells. It is this step in Meiosis that generates genetic diversity.Meiosis 2 is similar to mitosis. However, there is no "S" phase. The chromatids of each chromosome are no longer identical because of recombination. Meiosis II separates the chromatids producing two daughter cells each with 23 chromosomes (haploid), and each chromosome has only one chromatid.
During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair and form snynapses. The paired chromosomes are called bivalents, and the formation of chiasmata caused by genetic recombination becomes apparent. The bivalent has two chromosomes and four chromatids, with one chromosome coming from each parent.
In prometaphase I, the nuclear membrane disappears. One kinetochore forms per chromosome , and the chromosomes attached to spindle fibers begin to move.
In metaphase I, bivalents, each composed of two chromosomes, align at the metaphase plate. The orientation is random, with either parental homologue on a side. This means that there is a 50-50 chance for the daughter cells to get either the mother's or father's homologue for each chromosome.
In anaphase I, chiasmata separate.
Meiosis, also called reduction division, is a distinct type of cell division that is essential for sexual reproduction to occur. It is one in which two successive divisions of diploid cell occur thereby producing four genetically different haploid daughter cells, also called gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes and thus, half the total amount of genetic material as compared to the amount before meiosis began. Interphase precedes meiosis and thus, paves the way for meiosis to eventuate as the cell’s DNA replicates in the S phase yielding corresponding, identical chromosomes. Interphase sparks the marvelous process of meiosis that allows variation to transpire within the organisms it occurs, hence, giving rise to millions of organisms with unique aspects unlike any other on Earth. Because meiosis is a form of sexual reproduction itself, it is the means through which gametes are produced, each with a reduced number of chromosomes, so that when two gametes fuse during fertilization, not only do they form a diploid zygote with 46 chromosomes, but also have manifested differing features due to the rearrangement (crossing-over) of chromosomes.
Mitosis describes the reproduction of somatic cells, and Meiosis describes the reproduction of sex cells. We have discussed that Interphase, although not actually a part of Mitosis, is the longest phase and that Prophase involves the dissolution of the nuclear envelope, the condensing of chromatin into chromosomes, and the formation of mitotic spindles that attach to the centromeres of the chromosome pairs. After Prophase comes Metaphase where the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell at the metaphase plate. Next, Anaphase occurs where sister chromatids separate to become two separate chromosomes that then move to opposite poles of the cell. This results in the cell’s shape becoming elongated and the chromosome pairs splitting apart. Lastly, Telophase follows Anaphase and nuclei form around the two sets of chromosomes that then become less condensed. In Telophase, the microtubules break down too, and this phase is overlapped at the end of Mitosis with Cytokinesis that involves the final splitting of the two
Many believe that Usonian homes helped pave the way for more domestic and family friendly architecture throughout America. The unique “indoor-outdoor” style of these houses known as the Ranch Style is said to have been inspired by the public's realization of Wright’s Usonian houses. Wright took ideas from the European ideas of collective living and his exceptional skills he gained from the Arts and Craft movement, Wright was able to create a sustainable and well thought out community based way for living that was affordable for Middle-Class Americans that is still a successful way of living
... should always be carried out by healthcare providers in other to understand the spiritual need and practices of their patients, thus promoting their health.
Meiosis is specialized cellular division of sex cells. This type of cellular division occurs in single and multi-cellular organisms that undergo sexual reproduction. This process is split into two cycles: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Prior to the start of meiosis, interphase occurs. Although interphase is not a stage of meiosis it is a vital preparatory step. It allows cellular growth, DNA replication and prepares for cellular division. Each cycle of meiosis is broken down into four stages for a total of eight stages. Meiosis I is composed of prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I. Meiosis II is a repeat of each phase of meiosis I. Once meiosis is complete, the result will be four haploid daughter cells meaning that each daughter
Our body is made up of numerous types of cells that each has a specific function. We go through our daily life not even thinking about the smallest living organisms in our body that help us perform every task. Without these cells we would not live or maintain any balance inside our bodies. These cells perform functions just as we do such as take in nutrients, excrete waste and even reproduce. In this replication of cells, each cell performs a delicate process two create an exact replica of itself. If done incorrectly, it could lead to any type of genetic error. In this essay I will discuss the events of mitosis and meiosis and compare the two.
Cell division is extremely important; cells must divide in order to maintain an efficient volume to surface area ratio, allow organisms to grow and develop, and repair any damaged tissue. Cells are able to do all this through two processes: meiosis and mitosis. Without these processes, humans would not be able to do many of the basic functions we are so accustomed to, including growing, healing even the smallest cuts, and even reproducing! However, meiosis and mitosis, although both procedures for cell division, are very different.
Developing a sense of wholeness and having an established relationship with their creator, can assist the individual with maintaining stability during times of illness, stress, or when a cure is not possible. This can facilitate a source of healing within, which will promote the health of members in the faith based community. “To promote healing, the nurse builds on strengths to encourage the connecting and integrating of the inner spiritual” (Stanhope, Marcia, & Lancaster, 2012, p. 972). Connecting with the inner spiritual is an important aspect because it can assist the individual with making healthier lifestyle choices. By making healthier lifestyle choices, the individual will achieve their optimal health or wellness and this will be beneficial for the individual and faith based
The career of nursing has countless aspects that are imperative for the effectiveness and overall satisfaction of care for the average person. These aspects include physical care, mental health care, and spiritual care. The aspect of spiritual care includes the nurse assessing her clients’ spiritual health and creating a plan for complete treatment. Spirituality may be a specific object or person the client connects with, so nurses must be aware of each client’s spiritual preference. The United States has a vast diversity of people where every client the nurse encounters will value something completely different. More religious people might value a cross or a bible in their room. Some might want their family to frequently visit. Others might prefer a certain type of music playing at a certain time of the day. With violent protests, mass shootings, and threat of war looming over the Unites States’ head every day, spiritual care is going to be on a major upsurge in the health career fields.
Mitosis is a vital process to ensure the growth and development of an organism and this lasts for about an hour. Mitosis is involved in wound healing and replacing lost cells. Meiosis is a longer process that produces haploid gametes that at fertilisation will combine
Complete molar pregnancy. All of the chromosomes in the fertilized egg come from the father; none comes from the mother.
There is evidence suggesting that attention to one’s spirituality influences the ability to cope with illness, help in the prevention of illn...
In the early 1970’s, Betty Neuman created a holistically based, open-system theory to aid nurses in organizing the voluminous information needed to deal with complex client situations (Meleis, 2007, p.307). One component of the Neuman Systems Model is spirituality, which is described as being related to beliefs and influences that are spiritual. It should be noted that this was absent in her initial conceptualization and was developed later (Meleis, 2007, p.307). While utilizing the Neuman framework for client assessment, religion is often applied as a spiritual factor. Using this theory as basis one might conclude that religion and spirituality are synonymous in concept. This begs the question: Are they, in fact, equal in meaning or at the very least required of each other for synergistic forward movement? I am not certain that the answer is clear-cut and I believe that personal observations will allow for objective thought for argument – pro or con.
There are certain things that must happen first before the cell can actually split. There is a six step process required during Mitosis. The first five steps of mitosis are called prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. This is where all the training and preparation is done for cell division. The sixth step is Cytokinesis, and that is when the cell literally splits into two. Like I said, there are certain things in order to happen before it can enter the M phase. first, it must meet the requirements of the certain size and environment. Since in the S phase the cell duplicated it’s amount of chromosomes it be represented as 2N, where N equals the number of chromosomes in the cell. Cells about to enter M phase, which have passed through S phase and replicated their DNA, have 4N chromosomes. Because of this they are now allowed to enter within the M phase to prophase. Here is where the cell thickens up its chromosomes and begin to sprout microtubules from clone centrosomes. Microtubules tub-like are protein filaments and where the chromosomes migrate but are still within the nuclear envelope in the nucleus. There are centromeres, that are inside the chromosomes and during the later process of this phase, specialized microtubules called kinetochores, assemble on the centromere then later attach to these sites. They act like magnets and go
Self concept is not inherent. It is shaped and reshaped by the people around us, the people who influence us directly or indirectly. Self concept of a child depends upon the description provided to him by these people e.g. parents, teachers, peers etc. it may be correct or incorrect as it is formed by the people, how they see the child e.g. if the family members tell the child constantly that he / she is lazy, the child starts to see himself/ herself as lazy. However due to the subjective opinion of family members it may not be correct