The definition of critical thinking currently cited by those concerned with critical reading is the one advanced by Ennis: “reasonable, reflective thinking that is focused on deciding what to believe and do” (Douglas, 2000). Aristotle stated that for imagination is different from either perceiving or discursive thinking, though it is not found without sensation, or judgment without it. Science is reality re-imagined (Ogborn, n.d.). And because of that many researchers they have a pretty good idea what would be the desirable outcome of their researches. Therefore as a scholar and consumer of psychology researches, it is important that I become critical on the psychology researches that I read or use as bases to my theories or studies. For that, the two most important attributes that I find to help me be a critical reader are being unbiased and observant. Science tries to achieve some understanding, which is independent of personal beliefs or intellect, and in this interest may eschew the need for guiding immediate action. Additionally it relies more on extensive collaborative and competitive work towards unarguable agreement (Ogborn, n.d.). For those reason, as a consumer or reader, I have to be objective in assessing the information presented to me without any bias, and observant of any variation or detail that make the research better, applicable, or flawed. People in general, even for scholars, we find it easier to believe than to disbelieve because beliefs are extremely resistant to change when they are formed. This is due because of what researchers refer to as “belief perseverance”, which is the human tendency to resist changing their beliefs after they have acquired them (Douglas, 2000). This is detrimental to sci...
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...alth of the individual for either treatment or for conducting studies or researches. Therefore they have to be well versed with the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct and resolve or minimize the ethical conflicts or issues that may arise from ethics and organizational demands, and the use of deception in their researches. Especially when dealing with children, they have to understand that they are viewed as influential individual as healthcare providers. As researchers, they have to maintain the balance to assure protection of children; additionally special attention to laws and guidelines, institutional procedures, family dynamics, and individual child characteristics, along with carefully planned strategies to avoid undue influence on the assent process, will assure the protection of children as research subjects (Meaux and Bell, 2001).
...rt of the medical profession, the therapists are expected to maintain the confidentiality of their clients. A psychologist must be able to acquire a client’s trust in order to keep quality confidentiality amongst the two parties. Only on seriously occasions should the patient’s records be shared, under certain other conditions the psychotherapy records of a minor can be reviewed by others without prior written consent. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), psychologists can usually give way the patient records to parents or legal guardians. Some of the ethical rules that apply to the practice of child and adolescent psychiatry are clear and generally agreed upon For example, rules against sexual contact or harsh or abusive treatment are encoded as boundary violations. A psychotherapist must be able to respect the boundaries of the client.
American Psychological Association (APA). (2002). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073.
The purpose of this posting is to explain what privacy and confidentiality mean and then review the case study about the options of reporting abuse in a child and what principles of ethics are involved with it.
Having a positive approach helps psychologists clarify what they value, contemplate how they must behave, and decide what institutes suitable professional demeanor. The significance of positive ethics supports psychologists and allows them to reach their utmost ethical principles instead of violating the rules. The American Psychological Association are the top procedures to monitor to help stay within the ethical guidelines which has recently had revisions in the year two thousand two. There are a number of ethical codes to consider as a forensic psychologist cannot have the unawareness of particular psychological information, absence of specific preparation in forensic, presumptuous the lawyer will offer the expert with the essential legal ethical and professional evidence, assuming diverse jurisdictions are comparable in laws, how the laws are applied and failure to recognize the sole matters related with privacy and privileged communications for the work in the forensic
...even years parents must give informed consent as the child may not have the cognitive ability to understand what is being asked of them’ Institute of Medicine (2004 cited in Keenen and Evans, 2010:78). There are also incentives for the child which should be fair and not excessive. The idea of deception means that certain studies may require the researcher to hold back certain information however the researcher must show that such deception is necessary and justifiable. An important ethic is confidentiality where records of research should be kept in such a way to ensure participant confidentiality. However if some information reveals the child’s welfare is at risk then parents should be informed. Finally there is dissemination in early years practice the child is often too young to understand research findings so a summary should be given to the child’s parents.
The author Vincent Ruggiero defines critical thinking in his book Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking, as a “search for answers, a quest.” It is the idea that one does not accept claims, ideas, and arguments blindly, but questions and researches these things before making a decision on them. From what I learned in class, critical thinking is the concept of accepting that there are other people and cultures in this world that may have different opinions. It is being able to react rationally to these different opinions.
The role of a pediatric psychologist is to overall treat children with behavior disorders and have the basic concerns of prevention; therefore, a passion for helping children is vital. When asked how important it was to have a passion for helping children, Arthur Robin, the Director of Psychology Training at the Children’s Hospital of Michigan, quickly responded, “Passion is fundamental. It is the key difference between being a clarinetist and playing the clarinet” (Robin). Along with passion and enthusiasm for their work, it is crucial for psychologists to be able to develop clear, swaying messages and listen and respond to the grievances of children. With an increase in child crime, child abuse and mental illnesses among children due to unhealthy negative environment, the job of a child psychologist has gained significant importance in recent years.
Ethical issues in a counseling practice lay the foundation of a therapist in practice. Ethics are at the center of how the counseling process functions and operates in a successful manner for the clients who seek help in such a setting. In order for the counseling profession to be ethical and hold professional recognition, there are many facets that need to be examined and outlined to make sure all counselors and practitioners are functioning at the highest level and withholding their duties required by the counseling profession. The first introduction so to speak of the area of ethics also happens to be one of the first steps in counseling, which is the informed consent. The informed consent provides the basis of what happens or will be happening in a counseling setting and serves to inform the client to their rights, responsibilities, and what to expect. Most importantly, the informed consent is in place for the client’s benefit. It also is important to understand that culture and environment play a role in the treatment of a client and how theories can positively or negatively impact this treatment. Therapists need to understand how to work within the context of a theory while being able to understand the individual in their own environment. Although theories are put into place to serve as a framework, there are also alternative ways to approach counseling, one example being evidence-based practice. Such an approach is very specific, which presents a series of solutions for counseling as a whole, but also brings forth many problems. Every approach or theory introduces ethical concerns that need to be taken into consideration by the entire counseling community and how each can positively and negatively affect clients and the pr...
Critical thinking is the process in which one challenges their emotive, self-centered way of thinking. It causes one to test their own assumptions and question their reasoning. Critical thinking is the process in which one mentally explores deeper than the superficial matters at hand into the deeper layers in order to find out what the real issues are. Successful critical thinking is a process that allows one to creatively problem solve, seek innovative solutions, and essentially "think outside of the box." It also allows one to become more open minded to various situations. Logic and perception both play a role in critical thinking. However, when it comes to weighing their beneficial impact on the critical thinking process, logic and perception are by no means equal. While logic is firmly rooted in reason, perceptions are just as firmly rooted in one's senses, and can easily be corrupted. Therefore, perception is certainly not reality. This is a lesson that I had the opportunity to have reinforced in a recent in-house promotion at work.
Critical thinking is a very important concept in regards to science, especially since science and the concepts therein have been fluctuating from the time of their origins. As stated in Kirst-Ashman’s book;
American Psychiatric Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychological Association (APA), Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
According to The Foundation for Critical Thinking (2007), "Critical thinking is, in short, self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism (Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2007).
It helps create a connection between ideas and help identify or even evaluate arguments. Critical thinking is important in psychology because it requires to ask thought provoking questions, examine the evidence and define the problem. These three criterias are very important part of the critical thinking and it also reflects on the way we think or understand. The brain works in many direction to understand the potential of each way of thinking and improve the thought process and its outcomes. Critical thinking can help me make better decisions and choices and help me with general self awareness. Especially, If I want to be a child’s psychologist then I can teach them to think about the consequences, extending their thoughts to what possibly could 've happened. To think critically in the strong sense requires that I develop fair mindedness while learning basic critical thinking
Ethics play a major part in individual daily lives. Whether it is in an individual career, business, or family there are ethical values. Based on cultural, economics and religious differences many time the standards of ethics may vary. Some ethical values may be stronger and others may have few rules/laws they may abide by. Ethics are based upon a persons or groups moral principles, as we know some peoples’ morals should be questioned. This is the reason that large organizations have set in place their own ethical principles that they want their members to follow. Any profession that deals with psychology not only follows the organizational ethical rules but that of the American Psychology Association (APA). The APA refers to the ethical guidelines, Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Students of The Chicago School of Professional Psychology also follow another set of ethical values known as the TCS Codes of Conduct. Both ethical guidelines focus on the “do’s and don’ts” of the psychology world and that of the school. Both altos discuss at length the consequences of an individual
Critical thinking regularly involves the capability to interpret information and make knowledgeable decisions based on such information. Additionally, problem solving is frequently theorised as the use of critical thinking skills towards the effective solution of a specific problem or towards a specific end goal. Critical thinking is the disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best thinking you are capable of in any set of circumstances. The general goal of thinking is to figure out some situation” (Critical Thinking, 2001, p.1), solve some problem, answer some questions, or resolve some issue. It also is a process in which a person pursuits reliable and pertinent information about the world. Critical thinking is often described as reasonable, ruminative, trustworthy, and a well-practiced form of thinking that assists people with deciding what they should believe in and what actions should be taken. A practiced critical thinker will ask good questions, collects pertinent data, categorizes common characteristics, logically reasons with the new data and then he or she will come to a trustworthy and dependable conclusion. Critical thinking makes use of many processes and procedures. Some processes include but is not limited to asking questions, making judgments, and identifying