Case Study #2
(# 23)
Samantha Papernik Tuesday/Thursday 11-12:15
Papernik 1 Based on the patient’s symptoms and the information given about her past history as well as the previous nights leading up to the hospital visit, I have diagnosed this 51-year-old woman with Vibriosis. She was admitted to a California hospital because of a fever of 105 degrees fahrenheit and swelling, redness, and tenderness of both her legs. She had eaten raw oysters two days before entering the hospital and the day after consumption of the oysters, she developed a fever, nausea, muscle aches and bloody blisters on her skin. Since she ate raw oysters two days prior to her hospital visit, it appears that this 51-year-old woman ate raw seafood that was contaminated. Intestinal infection symptoms show up to two days after eating the contaminated seafood and include abdominal cramps, nausea,
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Vibrios are gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that live in brackish saltwater and seawater and are present in higher concentrations of warmer waters. According to research, people with excess iron, AIDS, diabetes, blood disorders, those whose immune system is suppressed, or those with liver disease are at more risk for fatal Vibriosis. The patient had a past history of diagnosis that included breast cancer 14 years before admission and chronic hepatitis C diagnosed 10 years prior to being admitted to the hospital during this event. Hepatitis C is a liver disease, which previously stated, the patient had been diagnosed with chronic Hepatitis C 10 years prior to admission of the hospital. Because of her liver disease, the 51-year-old patient was more at risk for fatal Vibrosis, which she became at risk for when she consumed the contaminated oysters two days prior to her symptoms showing and hospital
Diagnosis of salmonellosis involves testing a sample of stool, as well as isolation from samples of tissue, blood, or urine. Since it is commonly mistaken for the flu and involves similar symptoms to other illnesses, the method of diagnosis for salmonellosis is pretty hard to come by. Most people with salmonellosis don’t seek treatment, so they’re never aware that they even had it. Since it is a foodborne pathogen, has a common route of infection via oral ingestion, and is found in food products that we consume on a daily
Cueto may have a potential claim that the OER’s interpretation of the enabling act and ensuing actions exceeded the authority delegated to the OER by Congress. The OER’s notice of liability refers to Section (3) of the statute, and requires the OER to provide to Cueto “notice of the factual basis for the finding.” However, Cueto may argue that the OER failed to comply with this provision of their own enabling statute. The OER’s notice simply related to Cueto that their liability was assumed due to Cueto’s ownership of the pipeline. If Cueto was to challenge the notice per Sections (3) and (4) of the statute, it is highly unlikely the OER’s only evidence at the hearing would be Cueto’s ownership of the pipeline. It is reasonable to interpret that the “factual basis” described in the statute for Cueto’s liability that would be required for the OER to prevail at the hearing is the same or similar factual basis the OER must provide to a responsible party upon notice. If simply noting Cueto’s ownership of the
Two of the most significant bloodborne pathogens are HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Some of the other bloodborne pathogens include Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Syphilis. These are less significant and not as life threatening as the two listed above.
Abstract: Salmonella is a bacterium that causes one of the most common intestinal infections in the United States - Salmonellosis. The chance of contracting this disease is significantly high, and more and more people are suffering from the symptoms and complications of Salmonella. This paper will discuss about the disease itself, the current outbreaks that are related to this disease, preventions and the treatments.
Diseases: The most common health concern associated with S. aureus is food poisoning caused by the release of enterotoxins, even in small doses, into food. Release of less than 1 microgram of toxin is sufficient to contaminate food enough to illicit symptoms of food poisoning. The infective dose of toxin is generally present when food is contaminated with an excess of 100,000 bacteria per gram of food. The intensity and variety of symptoms resulting from S. aureus food poisoning differ from individual to individual, but some of the most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and prostration (complete physical or mental exhaustion). It usually takes 2 or 3 days to recover from S. aureus food poisoning, but in some instances individuals will require more time to fully recover.
Necrotizing Fasciitis (flesh eating bacteria ) from an essay by Katrina Tram Duong, edited by S.N. Carson M.D.
HAV is known to be an infectious disease that usually occurs in children and young adults .The disease is usually transmitted from person to person through contaminated food, liquids or oral fecal route. An example would be when someone is carrying the virus and doesn’t wash their hands after using the restroom and then puts food in their mouth. HAV is most common in developing countries because of the living conditions and inadequate water, poor sewage facilities and sanitary conditions. The highest HAV levels in the world are from India,” Earlier reports suggest that India is hyperendemic for HAV infection2,4-6 with very high infection rates,” (Sowmyanarayanan). Most HAV are without severe complications, “Virus HAV infection rarely causes fulminant hepatic failure in people…,” (Vento,p.1) . The symptoms for HAV are high fever, nausea, vomiting and jaundice...
...k two nurses to change the dressing- one to lift the folds of skin and the other to pack the wound. Continuing to mark the date and the margins of the wound, Katie’s nurses and doctors were hoping for a survival. Nutritional support at this point was entered via gastrointestinal tubing and by this time Katie was going through major psychological wounds that needed healing as well. Sadly the doctors were not able to prepare Katie to go home. Despite fasciotomy and the surgery, her infection continued aggressively. Her wound after surgery had a foul-smelling drainage, which increased in amount every day. Local cellulitis developed at the IV site on her arm. Just 10 days after the first surgery she underwent a second infection spreading around her hip area. Despite all efforts by Katie and the hospital staff, she died of septic shock and multisystem organ failure after 30 days in intensive treatment. Although flesh-eating disease is always life threatening and in most cases results in a fatality, it doesn’t have to have an unhappy ending if you use prompt recognition and go to clinical expertise within the first sign of the disease. Don’t let it get you!
Pathogens are a type of microorganism that spreads viral and bacterial diseases. These diseases when present in human blood and body fluids are known as blood borne pathogens, and can spread from one person to another. (Worcester polytechnic institute) The most serious types of blood borne diseases are the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which can cause liver damage; and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which is responsible for causing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The blood borne pathogens can be spread when the blood or body fluids (semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, and amniotic fluid) of an infected individual comes into contact with mucous membranes or an open sore or cut on the skin of another person. Mucus membranes are located in the eyes, nose, mouth, and other areas as well. ("Bloodborne pathogens: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia") Two of the most common ways that pathogens are transmitted is through the exchange of fluids during sexual intercourse or by sharing infected IV needles. (Worcester polytechnic institute)
Bacterial vaginosis is known to be the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age (Hay, 2010). Bacterial vaginosis is the result of the substitution of normal vaginal lactobacilli with anaerobic bacteria Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus and Bacteroides spp., which will result loss of the normal vaginal acidity (Turovskiy, Sutyak Noll, & Chikindas, 2010). Bacterial vaginosis is the main trigger of vaginal discharge or malodor in women (Hainer & Gibson, 2011). Studies specify that most women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis are unaware of the infection; however, the fishy odor smell that accompanies this infection is usually a hallmark for its diagnosis (Hainer & Gibson, 2011).
Infectious diseases are the disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasite who live both inside and outside our bodies and are normally helpful but can cause infectious diseases to the human (body) system under certain conditions. And for a disease to be infectious, there is what is called ‘’chain of infection’’ that takes place before. And this can be seen in the below diagram:
E. Coli 0157, written by Mary Heersink, is a nerve-racking, adrenaline-filled story of a mother's experience with a then unknown deadly bacteria. The book brings up many reactions in its readers, especially the questioning of the practice of doctors in hospitals. The reader's knowledge base of scientific procedures in emergency centers was widened as well as the knowledge of how to the human body reacts to different agents in its system.
There is a disease spreading out in the world called Hepatitis C. It affects the liver and may cause the liver to fail. This disease is caused by a virus called Hepatitis C virus which is also known as HCV. About 32,000 people are affected with this disease per year only in the United States area. Some It’s a disease with many symptoms and many causes. of these symptoms are easy bruising, upset stomach and fever. These are just some of the many symptoms that come from the virus. Hepatitis Cs nature of the causative agent is determined by many things. The biological data of this disease is filled so much information. It is estimated that over 180 million people have gotten Hepatitis C and it is growing.
A biofilm is a layer consisting of various combinations of many different organisms, autotrophic and heterotrophic. They are dense, organized communities of cells, encased in a self-produced slime. The bacteria grow together in water like atmospheres, attaching to a solid surface, forming a small ecosystem. Biofilms are known as a micro-environment, a micro-habitat, or a slime matrix. They help decompose dead organisms and recycle carbon and nutrients.
Food borne illnesses are caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. There are many different disease-causing microbes, or pathogens. In addition, poisonous chemicals, or other harmful substances can cause food borne illnesses if they are present in food. More than two hundred and fifty different food borne illnesses have been described; almost all of these illnesses are infections. They are caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can be food borne. (Center 1)