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The influence of cultural imperialism
The influence of cultural imperialism
The influence of cultural imperialism
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Media imperialism is a specific way of discussing cultural imperialism and in order to define media imperialism we must understand cultural imperialism. Essentially, it’s described as a theory based upon over-concentration of mass media, from larger nations as an important variable which affects smaller nations in negative way. These nations have lessened because of media control from Western countries. As media imperialism is a sub-category under the broader of heading of cultural imperialism the dependency raised due to the global media system, which results in what is known as media imperialism– which is a highly debated concept amongst sociologists. There are two known models of media imperialism, the 'Schiller one ' which is focused on the media dominance by the UK, France, and U.S. And the alternative model; which is the 'generic model ' initially developed in Europe stating the great influence of media expansion of media powers, and unlike Schiller It recognises the multidimensionality of media forms (Thussu, International Communication: A Reader, 2010) However, the term globalisation is more complex. Usually globalisation will undergo three stages, compression of the world, the intensification of consciousness worldwide, and the increased …show more content…
Inevitably we have found significant evidence of Western (particularly US) media influences. More specific examples include Pan-Latin American television networks include the US-based CNN en Espanol, Univision, and MundoVision, as well as Spain’s Canal 24 Horas. Some part of their media is a commercial media market which is controlled by a small number of wealthy individuals (e.g. Mexican media Remigio Angel Gonzalalez’ Albavision encompasses 26 TV stations and 82 radio stations, and includes La Red (Chile), ATV (Peru), SNT (Paraguay) and Canal 9
“Cultural identity is not something that is easy to manipulate by acting on the mass media, nor does it seem to be much influenced by media culture. It survives and flourishes in many a form, and the general expansion of television, music and other media have added some widely (internationally) shared cultural elements without evidently diminishing the uniqueness of cultural experience in different nations, regional and localities of Europe” (McQuail, 2000, p. 237) Cultural imperialism thesis has also lead to many cultural protectionism policies, designed “to defend indigenous cultures against their corruption, pollution or destruction by foreign elements” (Morley,2006, p.36). Problems arise when trying to understand what is meant by foreign (and to who) and also when trying to examine and define the purity, originality and indigenousness of one’s culture that needs to be defended. Cultural imperialism tends to assume that the most countries from the global South had indigenous, pure and authentic cultures before the Western influence came along via transnational corporations. One could argue that this view tends to be a romanticized perspective of the Third World which disregards the complex relations between countries and their former colonial powers while also ignoring the fact that most cultures are hybrids. There is a problem with the inaccurate presumption that the phenomenon of cultural mixing is recent, when actually all cultures have, to certain extent, absorbed elements from another cultures through history. Therefore, the complexity of intercultural flows must be acknowledged, along with the ambivalence of their meaning when being brought into new
TUNSTALL , Jeremy. “The Media Are American: Anglo-American Media in the World.” London: Constable, 1977.
O’Shaughnessy, M., Stadler, J. (2009)Media and Society: An introduction. Dominant Ideology and Hegemony. London: Oxford.
Stromback, J. and Esser, F. (2009) Shaping Politics: Mediatization and Media Interventionism, in Lundby, K (eds) Mediatization: Concept, changes, consequences. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc, pp. 205-223.
Rooted in ancient history and forever redefining and reestablishing itself, the precepts of Western Civilization have impacted the world greatly. Not only geographically defined, Western Civilizations can be recognized by certain common hallmarks in their practices: expansion to and competition with other countries, scholarly pursuits in arts and sciences, perceived rights of citizens, both materially and personally, and a free-market economy where fair pay is established. Many of these ideas are rooted in ancient Greece and Rome, and much can be learned from both their successes and failures (Ramon, n.d.). However, Western Civilization did not develop in an isolated void, and influence from the East can be found on the blueprints of modern Western Civilization.
Latin America has a rich tradition of communication research and cultural studies in contemporary times. In fact, since at least the mid of the 20th Century, some scholars criticized the lack of empirical work in the field (as Beltrán and Verón, for instance), some others developed an early interest in audiences (as Martín-Barbero or García-Canclini), and also, research about women and media is an early contribution from the Latin American field . Thus, theoretical, epistemological, and methodological debates has heated the field for decades. However, this tradition is often neglected due to the trends of the global economy of knowledge and its North-South and Western-Eastern assymmetries.
One of the fundamental roles of the media in a liberal democracy is to critically scrutinise governmental affairs: that is to act as a watchdog of government to ensure that the government can be held accountable by the public. However, the systematic deregulation of media systems worldwide is diminishing the ability of citizens to meaningfully participate in policymaking process governing the media (McChesney, 2003, p. 126). The relaxation of ownership rules and control, has resulted in a move away from diversity of production to a situation where media ownership is becoming increasing concentrated by just a few predominantly western global conglomerates (M...
Global cultural imperialism is defined by Dunch (2002) is the economic and cultural hegemony of developed countries, which dictates the path of socio-economic progress, delineates cultural values, standards for civilization and cultural set up across the globe. Media basically refers to all the collective prime means of mass communication namely the internet, print, television and radio as according to Jenkins (2006). Due to technological advancement mass media has been able to extend its reach worldwide. According to Dyson (2011) media globalisation can be attributed to continuous developments in co...
(McChesney 2008, p491) It cannot deny that media affect social motion, and media organizations established in order to meet the needs of society and politics. Topics around ideology, race, media ownership are most frequently discussed in scholars. The political economy of communication research procedures of media production and consumption by analyzing economic patterns, media control, and change of ownership to explain how the production of cultural commodities is bounded by economy and mainstream ideologies. ((Kunczik 1997; McChesney 2008; Mosco 2008, 2009; Wasko
Transnational media often impose different cultural and social consequences, especially in underdeveloped nations. Transnational media effect may not seem obvious, or intentional, but there is no doubt that transnational media and the capitalist elites in any nation are cooperating to achieve certain agenda to expand their dominance, and increase their profit. Such results are reached by multiple approaches that disguise the true intent of the existing of transnational media in any nation. To better understand how transnational media operates, and disseminate media content, numerous communication scholars developed theories that discuss the flow of media into and out of the non-dominant nations.
Kerry Manderback. “Hegemony, Cultural Hegemony, and The Americanization of Imported Media.” Accessed November 28, 2013. http://www.academia.edu/2942539/Hegemony_Cultural_Hegemony_and_The_Americanization_of_Imported_Media.
Media is used by dominant powers to spread their ideological beliefs and to help maintain social control. Althusser (1971) explains that, as an ideological state apparatus, media doesn’t use pressure as a way to bind society together under one dominant ideology, but instead uses the will of the people to make them accept the dominant ideology. However, media is also used as a way for people to challenge the dominant ideology. Newspapers, for example, will have articles that openly criticise and oppose the dominant ideology for what it is, whilst at the same time providing perspectives and opinions on different ideologies (such as feminism) that society can believe in. Although these alternate ideological perspectives exist, they are usually overlooked and only ever reach small audiences. Ideology can also help us understand the media because of the way in which it distributes ideology. A lot of different types of media, such as film and TV; reflect different ideologies, though we are not always aware that they are doing so. An example of this would be action/adventure films, which shows that using force or violence to solve problems is acceptable and reflects upon certain ideologies. This helps us to understand the media because the ideology that is reflected in these films is capable of reaching big audiences through the use of TV and film, thus allowing for it to become a more common belief within
In the last two decades, the influence of globalization has been rapidly growing through the use of technology, media, communications, transnational corporations, and advances in social relations. With the increase in social relations and advances in technology, this allows citizens across the world to connect and interact, allowing barriers to break down and slowly emerge. The source we are currently met with and are analyzing, proposes that globalization has a negative impact on identities of human beings. Regarding media, culture, beliefs, systems, judgements, and social interactions, globalization can be seen from both lights, positive and negative since it can help spread innovative ideas but also contribute to the process
Media is the most powerful sector of an economy. It is a tool to maintain a balanced society which is characterized by well informed people, effective democracy and social justice. In fact, media has unparallel influence on all aspects of human life in modern times.
Globalisation is a very complex term with various definitions, in business terms, “globalization describes the increasingly global nature of markets, the tendency for transnational businesses to configure their business activities on a worldwide basis, and to co-ordinate and integrate their strategies and operations across national boundaries” (Stonehouse, Campbell, Hamill and Purdie, 2004, p. 5).