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Importance of medical records
Importance of medical records
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Measuring Pain
1. 1. Sensory - intensity, duration, threshold, tolerance, location,
etc
2. 2. Neurophysiological - brainwave activity, heart rate, etc
3. 3. Emotional and motivational - anxiety, anger, depression,
resentment, etc
4. 4. Behavioural - avoidance of exercise, pain complaints, etc
5. 5. Impact on lifestyle - marital distress, changes in sexual
behaviour
6. 6. Information processing - problem solving skills, coping
styles, health beliefs
Techniques used to collect data.
--------------------------------
1. 1. interviews - advantage - it can cover Karoly's 6 points
2. 2. behavioural observations
3. 3. psychometric measures
4. 4. medical records
5. 5. physiological measures
Physiological measures of pain
Muscle tension is associated with painful conditions such as headaches
and lower backache, and it can be measured using an electromyograph
(EMG). This apparatus measures electrical activity in the muscles,
which is a sign of how tense they are. Some link has been established
between headaches and EMG patterns, but EMG recordings do not
generally correlate with pain perception (Chapman et al 1985) and EMG
measurements have not been shown to be a useful way of measuring pain.
Another approach has been to relate pain to autonomic arousal. By
taking measures of pulse rate, skin conductance and skin temperature,
it may be possible to measure the physiological arousal caused by
experiencing pain. Finally, since pain is perceived within the brain,
it may he possible to measure brain activity, using an
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...ntroverts are more sensitive to
pain stimuli, but extroverts complain more at lower levels of pain.
Finally, Connolly et al (1978) investigated the relationship between
personality, anxiety and pain during the labour of childbirth. The
sample of 80 women was given the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory and their pain/anxiety levels were monitored during the
labour. Not surprisingly, pain and anxiety levels rose during the
course of the labour. Pain and anxiety were similar for normal and
‘hysterical’ MMPI groups but the ‘anxious—depressive’ MMPI groups
displayed higher levels of pain and anxiety. Sternbach (1968) reviewed
several studies that had investigated the relationship between anxiety
and pain. He concluded that increasing anxiety enhanced pain
responses, and decreasing anxiety reduced such responses.
Love, what a small word for being one of the most powerful and complicated emotion someone can receive. Love grants people an experience of other emotions such as, sadness, happiness, jealousy, hatred and many more. It is because of those characteristics that love creates that make it so difficult to define the emotion in a few words. In the play, “Romeo and Juliet” by William Shakespeare, two star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet, defy their parents in hopes of being able to be together and live a happy life. The characters in “Romeo and Juliet” show the characteristics of love through their words and actions throughout the play. The attributes the characters illustrate throughout the play are rage, loyalty, and sorrow.
The feud between the Montague and the Capulet family plays a large role in the young couples death as it was the cause for almost everything that happened in the the young loves short yet long time together. The feud formed by the two families should have been stopped many years ago as still to this day its unclear as to why to to families really did hate each other so much, not even the death of daughters and sons was to bring the montagues and capulets together. If the hatred between these two families did not exist Romeo would have lived happily ever after? that is the question at the end of the day would it really have worked out? or would Romeo and Juliet have to endure the same amount of heartache?
The most applicable borrowed theory would be Richard Lazarus’ Stress, Coping, Adaptation Theory. “Lazarus’ theory deals with how a person copes with stressful situations” (McEwen & Wills, 2011, p. 288). This theory is categorized under the stress theories. “The stress theories provide nursing with a framework to understand the effects that stress has on the individual and how the individual responds to stressful situations or life events” (McEwen & Wills, 2011, p. 287). The stressful situation identified is a woman going through the different stages of labor and experiencing the pain that goes with it.
“The Pain Tree” written by Olive Senior tells the story of a woman who comes back home after many years and begins to think about her childhood in a new light, which changes much of what she thought she knew of her family and childhood. The story shows the main character, Lorraine, revisiting the memories of her family and the woman who had taken care of her as a child, Larissa. Children mainly focus on the happy memories which may be tied to more important topics that they do not understand until they are older. Most children do not pick up on many of the complicated things happening around them. Lorraine can now see the bigger picture of her relationship with Larissa and how large the divides were between Lorraine’s family and Larissa’s
Romeo and Juliet is set during the Elizabethan period when women had to acquiesce to men. This was known as a patriatical society. It was the time when fathers decided whom their daughters should marry. In the Elizabethan period events such as marriage were more traditional and were taken very seriously as well as the fact that men were more powerful than women. The Elizabethan period was a period of internal peace between the English Reformation and the battles between Protestants and Catholics as well the battles between the Parliament and the Monarchy that repulsed the seventeenth century which relates to the Period that Shakespeare wrote the play because it creates this contrast that people were fighting over reputation for example, Capulet wanting to give his daughter Juliet to a rich and respectable man like Paris rather than someone like Romeo who does not have a reputation in the society. However, In the Elizabethan society men were the ''head of the household'' so the women of the Elizabethan society had no say in anything or anyone as well as not being able to know what the men had been up to because the men were seen as the dominant sex but on the other hand, in the twenty first century the women are mostly controlling the men such as a wife of a footballer. Men that were married were able to masquerade (sleep with another women or cheat) on their own wife's and even if the wife of the husband found out about the situation, she could not have done anything about it. She would either accept the situation or leave the husband but rarely women of the Elizabethan period did that because most of the men in the Elizabethan society were rich. As soon as the play starts, Shakespeare wants the audience to know that there is goin...
Although love is interpreted as a wonderful thing it can also ruin someone's life, “Love is a trap. When is appears, we see only its light, not its shadows.” (Paulo Coelho) Love doesn’t fix people it breaks them asunder. It waits and waits for its next target to make a mistake and ruin everything they worked for. As seen in various works including; “The Raven” , Romeo and Juliet, and “The Gift of the Magi”. Romantic love is a force that inflicts pain upon those who believe in it or those who have been through it.
In no way were Romeo and Juliet ever destined to live a happy life together, where their families were no longer feuding and Verona was finally at peace. Instead, it was written in the stars that their fate would be tragic, and the actions of those around them who tried to keep them apart and those who tried to keep them together would eventually lead to their untimely demise.
“The greatest evil is physical pain.” Saint Augustine understood that experiencing pain is horrific, and most would agree. However, it is perhaps emotional pain, rather than physical, that causes the most damage. Whether physical or emotional, painful experiences are upsetting at best, and in severe cases, they can be life-changing. Pain is a feeling of distress that is often an underlying problem or symptom of an illness.
Conclusions. An adequate and clear understanding of the concept of pain and implementing interventions of pain treatment and management is essential in the clinical settings. Understanding the concept of pain is necessary for its relationships with other concepts that are related and similar to the pain experience for theory building. The in the end, understanding the concept of pain will ultimately benefit the patient and lead to better and approp...
The development of knowledge requires a number of processes in order to establish credible data to ensure the validity and appropriateness of how it can be used in the future. For the healthcare industry, this has provided the ability to create and form new types of interventions in order to give adequate care across a of number of fields within the system. Research then, has been an essential part in providing definitive data, either by disproving previous beliefs or confirming newly found data and methods. Moreover, research in itself contains its own process with a methodological approach. Of the notable methods, quantitative research is often used for its systemic approach (Polit & Beck, 2006). Thus, the use of the scientific method is used, which also utilizes the use of numerical data (Polit & Beck). Here, researches make use of creating surveys, scales, or placing a numerical value on it subjects (Polit & Beck). In the end the resulting data is neutral and statistical. However, like all things its approach is not perfect, yet, it has the ability to yield valuable data.
The Love Between Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeare's Play Romeo and Juliet was written between 1594 and 1596 by William Shakespeare. The. The play is set in medieval times in the town of Verona. There is a possibility that this play was written for Queen Elizabeth. as she experienced many of the difficulties of forced marriage and managed to avoid it, he said.
In Friar Lawrence's cell, Romeo dramatically cries, " There is no world for me outside the walls of Verona." Romeo murderer Tybalt, and the result of that Romeo was banished. In addition, the law states that death will be brought to whom kills. Romeo ridiculously does not accept his responsibilities. Romeo reveals his immaturety for assuming it is the end of the world for being banished from a place his "soulmate" lives. After Juliet and Romeo make love, Romeo passionately cries, " Let me be put to death. I am content if that's what you want." Romeos irrational need to stay with Juliet is becoming a foolish remedy. Knowing he would be put to death if he does not leave shows how lustful and courageous Romeo truly is. If Romeo wasn't being irrational then he would have kissed Juliet goodbye without a lustful thought of having to stay. As a result, Romeo barely made it out of Juliets home. If he had not he would have been executed.
The Love Between Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeare's Play I think that the love between Romeo and Juliet is genuine, and that they are not merely infatuated with one another. I have come to this conclusion from the way that Romeo and Juliet interact with one another; such as their actions towards each other, and their language used while speaking. The prologue is what leads me to think that the love between Romeo and Juliet is genuine, because Shakespeare is informing us about them and their love for each other. There are also other parts in the play script which inform us of their love such as the initial meeting of Romeo and Juliet, and the final scenes of the play where the characters die for each other.
The 1967 film of Romeo and Juliet is more romantic than the 1996 film. In the 1967 film Romeo and Juliet’s love is more innocent with good intentions as the 1996 film is focused on the sexual element of Romeo and Juliet’s relationship. The newer film has more displays of affection than the 1967 film. The overuse of affectionate display leads the viewer to believe Romeo and Juliet are lusting for each other rather than truly in love. Romeo says to Juliet “O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied?” this line can be interpreted as lusting for a sexual element to their relationship or a desire for unconditional love (132). When Romeo delivers this line in the 1967 film Juliet had just been talking with him, implying that he wanted to stay longer with
The physical aspects of pain can vary greatly from a sharp prick with a shot to the excruciating pain of childbirth.Emotional pain has to be the most horrid, in my opinion, of all types of pain. It feels as if your insides are being wrenched out. When my girlfriend and I broke up, I felt as if she had ripped my heart out and I was standing there watching while she stomped on it.