The philosopher claims in his work that it is the nervous system acting as the link between the organism and its environment. Maturana and Varela argue that one of the essential characteristics of a nervous system is its operational closure. The functional closure means that the nervous system maintains its organization, structure, and integrity in the face of perturbations from the environment.
The explanation above does not mean nervous system lack malleability or that the interaction with the environment affects it. The thinker claim that the nervous system’s operational closure conserves the organization of the constituents of which it is comprised of making it be solidified while interacting with the surroundings. If it didn't keep up
…show more content…
Human beings with self-reflexive consciousness must be needs to know that the world is principal as a result of the structure of human nervous system and brain and only secondarily because of thinkers structural coupling with other organisms plus the environment. Such kinds of studies impelled Maturana to split from the mainstream of reductionist biology and realist epistemology. In his work, the thinker claim that humans with consciousness and brain-based language do not experience an entirely objective world that is accurately represented to people faithfully through the biology of cognition. But they bring forth the world of dependent observers with other autopoietic unities and physical environment through a structural dance in the composition of the actual co-existence. As he revealed earlier, Maturana resolves to develop a characterization of what life is composed of and cognition in light of his findings. Also, during his reflection period, led he came to believe that the last characteristic is defining any organism, as a living thing or not, work because of the process of self-making. Around June in the year 1960, Maturana came to know Varela when he was studying biology and medicine at the University of Chile. Their friendship became very strong, and soon, they
theorists attempt to develop a mode of consciousness and cognition that breaks the identity of
There is almost no doubt that there is a relationship between psychology and philosophy. Indeed, many people actually considering that the philosophies related to and concerned with the mind and thought are the precursor to modern psychology. Of course, most of these philosophies were decidedly western, or popular in the west. However, the problem with our western views of consciousness in philosophy and psychology is that often times the way we view the conscious process leads to a so-called "infinite regression." That is to say, if we see consciousness as a set of rules guiding our experiences in life, there must also be another set of rules that defines how we know when to use those rules, and so on and so forth. (Kurak 2001, 18-19). In this paper, I will attempt to show how we can turn to Buddhist principles to help us gain a better understanding of human consciousness.
In his sixth meditation must return to the doubts he raised in his first meditation. In this last section of his sixth meditation he deals mainly with the mind-body problem; and he tries to prove whether material things exist with certainly. In this meditation he develops his Dualist argument; by making a distinction between mind and body; although he also reveals their rather significant relationship.
The human brain can react in much the same way. Neurodegenerative diseases are telltale signs of a "glitch" in the neural mechanical processes within the brain. Thus, pathological problems of the brain demonstrate how the brain controls movement and behavior. It is evident in the physical as well as emotional behavior. (5) It also illustrates the interaction between the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system. There must be connections between neural activity within the brain and the rest of the central and peripheral nervous systems. One can also understand an illustration of the brain as being a "box" composed of interconnected smaller boxes. These integrated boxes in turn demonstrate the concept that, "Brain=Behavior=Being."
Kandel, E. R., J. H. Schwarz, and T. M. Jessel. Principles of Neural Science. 3rd ed. Elsevier. New York: 1991.
In this term paper, I have tried to tackle the metaphysical issues of consciousness by first defining consciousness and doing a thorough study about the term. Then I proceeded to the metaphysical aspects of consciousness, examining and understanding them.
In this essay I will argue that Rosenthal's Higher Order Thought Theory provides a possible account of conscious awareness, in doing so addresses and gets to solve the mind-body problem for that particular mental phenomenon.
Consciousness is a concept that is socially constructed to define a real, yet abstract phenomenon. The point of defining consciousness, in Combs words, is to take an metaphysical idea, something that can not be understood directly in itself, and turn it into an object for humans to understand from a concrete perspective. For the purpose of this paper, the type of consciousness that will mostly be discussed can be described as having consciousness, an adverb that is understood as an experience, not solely the state of being alive (Walden. Lecture. 8/24/16). To define consciousness in words does not do it justice, as it is comprised of the intangible and feelings. Yet, consciousness directly effects the physical world. According to *** , the meaning of consciousness arises in
But again, the bodily presence of humans in cultural contexts is not enough for interacting, affecting and being affected by the perceptions, ideas, beliefs and normative orders flowing in their surroundings. These mental processes and interactions presupposed that humans share the same cognitive abilities and proclivities that make communication, action and interaction possible (see Geertz 2010). Hence, apart from being embodied and encultured humans are also embrained entities, and every approach to human experiences which precludes one of these three dimensions can only be
In many opinions it is thought that the brain and the neurons have less than importance than the heart. However, there is large quantities that people disagree that the brain and neurons are an important factor in our body. One study showed, the brain is the one that control every part of the body. Awhile the neurons travels across a synapse se...
The cognitive revolution in psychology was a period during the 1950’s and 1960’s which involved radical changes to two major concepts in psychology, consciousness and causality. It was also a period that saw the abolishment of traditional science values of dichotomy and the worship of atomisation in science, replacing reductive micro deterministic views of personhood with holistic top-down view (Overskeid, 2008). The aim of this essay is to give an account of what constitutes the cognitive revolution, and also assess the contributions that the cognitive revolution has made to the scientific study of psychology. The cognitive revolution represents a diametric turn around in the century’s old treatment of mind and consciousness in science, such as the contents of conscious experience, whose subjective qualities were being discarded as mere causal epiphenomena (Sperry 1993). This paradigm shift brought with it alternative beliefs about the ultimate nature of things, thereby bringing forth new answers to some of humanity's deepest questions.
The neuron plays an important role in the occupation of the brain (Rollin Koscis). A neuron is...
The research paper will clarify both ideas of functionalism and structuralism by utilizing the dualist planned to clarify the interaction and example between both these speculations with the brain and body. Also there will be a clarification of how both functionalism and structuralism have affected the act of brain research in times. At that point there will be a clarification about how both these hypotheses are expected to depict our cognizant personality and how they associate with the body. Goodwin explained that structuralism were more concerned about awareness and the fundamental objectives for Structuralism brain research are to study the encounters in the human aware and separate them into their basic units, which indicate how these
With damage to the nervous system, the body will not be able to function properly. The body has to be well taken care of in order to ensure proper regulation. The two anatomical divisions that work hand in hand to help regulate the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system. According to the Campbell’s seventh edition biology book, the nervous system is the most intricately organized data processing system on earth. It is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells.
"Patterns of activity in small, more primitive areas of the brain are recapitulated in larger, more advanced parts," Sutton says. "This means that nature did not have to develop new rules of operation for different levels of the brain from small clusters of cells to large systems."