The United States, with assistance from the United Kingdom and Canada, designed and built the first atomic bombs under what was called the Manhattan Project. The project was initially started at the instigation of European refugee scientists (including Albert Einstein) and American scientists who feared that Nazi Germany would also be conducting a full-scale bomb development program (that program was later discovered to be much smaller and further behind). The project itself eventually employed over 130,000 people at its peak at over thirty institutions spread over the United States, and cost a total of nearly US$2 billion, making it one of the largest and most costly research and development programs of all time. The first nuclear device, called "Gadget," was detonated during the "Trinity" test near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945. The Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs were the second and third to be detonated and as of 2007 the only ones ever detonated in a military action. (See Weapons of Mass Destruction.) During World War II both the Allies and Axis powers had previously pursued policies of strategic bombing and the targeting of civilian infrastructure. In numerous cases these had caused huge numbers of civilian casualties and were (or came to be) controversial. In Germany, the Allied firebombing of Dresden resulted in roughly 30,000 deaths. The March 1945 firebombing of Tokyo killed 72,489 people, according to the Japan War History office.[7] By August, about 60 Japanese cities had been destroyed through a massive aerial campaign, including massive firebombing raids on the cities of Tokyo and Kobe. Over 3½ years of direct U.S. involvement in World War II, approximately 290,000 Americans had been killed in action and another 110,000 killed as a result of the war,[8] 90,000 of them incurred in the war against Japan.[9] In the months prior to the bombings, the Battle of Okinawa resulted in an estimated 50,000150,000 civilian deaths, 100,000125,000 Japanese or Okinawan military or conscript deaths and over 72,000 American casualties.[citation needed] Deathtoll was given as 107,539 counted dead plus an estimated 23,764 in the closed caves or buried by the Japanese. Since the number was far above the estimated Japanese force on the island the army intelligence supposed that about 42,000 was civilians.[10] A commonly provided justification for the bombings is that an invasion of the Japanese mainland was expected to result in casualties many times greater than in Okinawa. U.S. President Harry S. Truman was unaware of the Manhattan Project until Franklin Roosevelt's death.
sort of reminded me of the lifestyles that some New Yorkers live with in the projects. While reading this story it made me think about my parents and what they have said about living in New York and in the projects. Here are some opinions about behavioral sink and taken from two people that have lived in the projects in New York When talking with Alberto Velez, he said that there was a lot of over crowding in the projects because too dense of a population. There were also too
certifications. I am currently, employed as a Systems Engineer in Infosys since ____________. My main area of experience has taught me about the various IT models, such as, the agile and the waterfall model. I have also learned about the various phases of project life cycle like requirement gathering and analysis, design development, coding and testing besides exposing me to a wide range of Computer Programming Languages and methodologies. My experience has made me planned, organized, and broached up a way
Project initiator, also known as creator or founder, is a term for anyone that utilizes crowdfunding practices to funding their concepts, ideas, project or venture (Wechsler, 2013). This project initiator can be individual, organization, small medium business (SME), students, event organizers, entrepreneurs, musicians, filmmakers, designers, inventor, non-profit organization, politician, artists, writers, philanthropists and the crowdfunding platforms themselves. It could be anyone with an idea or
" Rotarians devote their lives so much to humanity that its motto is "Service before Self,"by service and helping others and ultimately, in a utopian world, accomplishing peace, in daily personal lives as well as while working on Rotary-specific projects (About Rotary). You may be asking what types of concerns this association cares about. According to the "About Rotary" section of the website, they address many of today's most critical issues, such as children at risk, poverty and hunger, the
changed the construction industry. Since the beginning of time there has been some type of construction. The caveman had weapons and tools. As of late man builds homes, skyscrapers, and various other buildings. Super-structures are very large-scale projects; that without the use of computers would be very arduous tasks. It would take many draftsmen many months to complete all of the drawings necessary to build a skyscraper. The advent of the computer has greatly improved the way the construction occurs
The Yucca Mountain Project Kai Erikson argues that radiation and other forms of radioactive waste are a new species of trouble (Erikson, 1994). Nuclear waste disposal is a pressing issue of extreme importance. Nuclear waste is material that either contains a radioactive substance or has been contaminated by radioactive elements and is no longer useful. With all of the dangers surrounding nuclear waste and a half-life of one hundred thousand years this issue must be solved with complete certainty
Introduction There are some astounding evidences that are significantly relevant and pivotal, serving as a source of stimulus for why the problem of occupational SWF needs to be addressed. Slip and fall accidents have been recognized as a major threat to the safety of individuals not only in industry but also in daily living. In most industry groups, slips and falls either represents the highest or second highest type of workers compensation claim(Leamon and Murphy 1995). The National Safety Council
Great Ideas Project: Origin of Sex Sex, though usually used in terms of reproduction, is actually quite separate: it refers to the splitting and recombining of genetic material through the meiosis (fission) and fertilization (fusion) of genomes in such a way that, when they are reproduced, the new generation of cells contains a different set of genes than that of its parents. Sex is by no means necessary for reproduction. Asexual reproduction, or parthenogenesis, is actually about twice as
I think that the sustainability project has been a learning and enlightening experience for everyone in this class. Many more things can be done next semester, since the groundwork has been laid to continue this project for time to come. One of my personal goals for the project was to learn as much as I could about the sustainability issue facing us. I did this by participating in all of the projects that were done throughout the semester. The main project that occurred during the semester
Wildfire Mitigation Thesis: Politicians are proposing sweeping changes in bills, which have caused great controversy, in efforts to correct the problems that the Forest Service has faced in restoration projects. Are these bills necessary or is there a better solution that politicians are overlooking? Introduction: Humans have been changing the Western forests' fire system since the settlement by the Europeans and now we are experiencing the consequences of those changes. During the summer
The ENIAC Project: Its Significance in Computer Science and Society “…With the advent of everyday use of elaborate calculations, speed has become paramount to such a high degree that there is no machine on the market today capable of satisfying the full demand of modern computational methods. The most advanced machines have greatly reduced the time required for arriving at solutions to problems which might have required months or days by older procedures. This advance, however, is not adequate
Electronic Product Code Project Table of Contents Executive Overview……………………………………………………………………3 Stage 1: Determination of Scope and Objectives……………………………………....4 Stage 2 – Systems Investigation and Feasibility……………………………………….4 Stage 3 – Systems Analysis…………………………………………………………….7 UPC DFD (Legacy System)…………………………………………………………....9 Stage 4 – System Design……………………………………………………………….9 Stage 5 – Detail System Design……………………………………………………….10 EPC DFD (New System)………………………………………………………………14 Stage
there is some "master plan" that we can't see makes. Religion is simply a self-made, self-serving idea. Humans are the only animals on the planet capable of keeping track of time. Because of this, we pompously assume that only the most valuable of projects are worth our time. We sometimes say, "That was a total waste of my time." What if our entire lives were a waste? What if there was nothing after this life to greet us? The idea that lives are giant wastes would obviously make same people rather
The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory or SOHO for short is a cooperative joint effort by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The main mission of this project is to study the internal structure of the Sun, its extensive upper atmosphere, as well as to determine the origin and characteristics of the solar wind. The SOHO spacecraft was launched on December 2, 1995 where then it was directed to go about 930,000 miles sunward from the Earth
Marriott Corporation and Project Chariot The Marriott Corporation (MC), had seen a long, successful reign in the hospitality industry until the late 1980s. An economic downturn and the 1990 real estate crash resulted in MC owning newly developed hotel properties with no potential buyers in sight and a mound of debt. During the late 1980s, MC had promised in their annual reports to sell off some of their hotel properties and reduce their burden of debt. However, the company made little progress