Mathematics starts with counting. It is not reasonable, however, to suggest that early counting was mathematics. Only when some record of the counting was kept and, therefore, some representation of numbers occurred can mathematics be said to have started. In Babylonia mathematics developed from 2000 BC. Earlier a place value notation number system had evolved over a lengthy period with a number base of 60. It allowed arbitrarily large numbers and fractions to be represented and so proved to be the foundation of more high powered mathematical development. Number problems such as that of the Pythagorean triples (a,b,c) with a2+b2 = c2 were studied from at least 1700 BC. Systems of linear equations were studied in the context of solving number problems. Quadratic equations were also studied and these examples led to a type of numerical algebra. Geometric problems relating to similar figures, area and volume were also studied and values obtained for p.The Babylonian basis of mathematics was inherited by the Greeks and independent development by the Greeks began from around 450 BC. Zeno of Elea's paradoxes led to the atomic theory of Democritus. A more precise formulation of concepts led to the realisation that the rational numbers did not suffice to measure all lengths. A geometric formulation of irrational numbers arose. Studies of area led to a form of integration. The theory of conic sections show a high point in pure mathematical study by Apollonius. Further mathematical discoveries were driven by the astronomy, for example the study of trigonometry. The major Greek progress in mathematics was from 300 BC to 200 AD. After this time progress continued in Islamic countries. Mathematics flourished in particular in Iran, Syria and India. This work did not match the progress made by the Greeks but in addition to the Islamic progress, it did preserve Greek mathematics. From about the 11th Century Adelard of Bath, then later Fibonacci, brought this Islamic mathematics and its knowledge of Greek mathematics back into Europe. Major progress in mathematics in Europe began again at the beginning of the 16th Century with Pacioli, then Cardan, Tartaglia and Ferrari with the algebraic solution of cubic and quartic equations. Copernicus and Galileo revolutionised the applications of mathematics to the study of the universe. The progress in algebra had a major psychologic...
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...ever have taken place without logs. Then the world changed. The pocket calculator appeared. The logarithm remains an important mathematical function but its use in calculating has gone for ever. Here is the challenge. What will replace the calculator? You might say that this is an unfair question. However let me remind you that Napier invented the basic concepts of a mechanical computer at the same time as logs. The basic ideas that will lead to the replacement of the pocket calculator are almost certainly around us. We can think of faster calculators, smaller calculators, better calculators but I'm asking for something as different from the calculator as the calculator itself is from log tables. I have an answer to my own question but it would spoil the point of my challenge to say what it is. Think about it and realise how difficult it was to invent non-euclidean geometries, groups, general relativity, set theory, and everything else to do with MATH!
Einstein and his Theory
What do you think when some one says Einstein, is it Relativity, or E=MC2? What do you think E=MC2 means, well it means Energy=Mass x Speed of Light Squared. He was way ahead of his own time, he was a genius!
Overall, in Stephen King’s essay, “Why We Crave Horror Movies”, his suggestion that we view horror movies to “reestablish our feelings of essential normality” (562) and there is a “potential lyncher in almost all of us” (562) has brought forth many aspects that I have never really thought about. Why do we have so much excitement when it comes to horror films? Everyone has their own opinion, which will never end with one definite answer. Stephen King thinks there’s and evil in all of us, but I don’t think so. The evil only comes out if you make it, we do not need horror films for psychic
There have been few occasions where the rebellious leaders have created a downfall for our country, such as Hitler, but it is biased to assume all experiences of these traits will be destructive. People often have a predisposition that the words rebellion and disobedience are dissenting, which is not always valid. In events such as the American Revolution, civil rights, and women’s suffrage; these would not have been obtainable without a characteristic such as disobedience. This has created social progress, and can continue to create progress for America. From slavery, women's rights, religious life, voting, American attitudes were forever changed. The American Revolution produced a new outlook among Americans that had ramifications into the future. Groups excluded from equality, such as slaves and women, would draw their inspirations from revolutionary
Albert Einstein’s discoveries and theories have had a positively enormous effect on the world. Some of Einstein’s biggest impacting discoveries and theories are the theories of Special and General relativity, the Theory of Relativity, Brownian motion, the discovery of the photon, and Einstein’s creation of the equation E = MC^2. Perhaps Einstein’s most beneficial discovery is his formulation of E = MC^2 which is crucial for space-flight and can help today’s scientist in gathering knowledge about our universe.
First, special relativity describes the laws of motion of an object which moves at high speed. Meanwhile it offered the mass-energy relation which is E=mc^2 (E=energy m=mass c=speed of light). Although Einstein didn’t believe in quantum mechanics2, his mass-energy relation still helped in the establishment of it. Also this relation built the mathematical model ...
We all have cravings, be it for snacks or sweets, there is always something we desire. We crave horror in the same way. In Stephen King’s essay, “Why We Crave Horror Movies,” he argues that people need to watch horror films in order to release the negative emotions within us. King believes that people feel enjoyment while watching others be terrorized or killed in horror movies. King’s argument has elements that are both agreeable and disagreeable. On one hand he is acceptable when claiming we like the thrill and excitement that comes from watching horror movies; however, his views regarding that the fun comes from seeing others suffer cannot be agreed with because the human condition is not as immoral as he claims it to be.
Thus, Einstein was one of the fathers of the nuclear age. Einstein's famous equation, E equals m times c-squared (energy equals mass times the velocity of light squared), became a foundation stone in the development of nuclear energy. Einstein developed his theory through deep philosophical thought and through complex mathematical reasoning. The great scientist was once reported to have said that only a dozen people in the world could understand his theory. However, Einstein always denied this report. See Relativity.
In his essay, “Why We Crave Horror Movies” King attempts to bring understanding to the phenomenon of the horror film genre. He states “sanity becomes a matter of degree” eluding to the theory that sanity is relative and that all humans are relatively insane. Jack the Ripper and the Cleveland Torso Murderer were the examples of humans on one extreme of the spectrum of sanity; saints represent the other safe end of the sanity spectrum. He illustrates the thought that in order for human kind to stay functionally sane there needs to be some sort of outlet for our violent “mad” thoughts. In King’s view horror movies provide a stable outlet and mental relief for innate madness. King argues that his insanity/ant civilization emotions are ingrained
Chapter 4, Sensation and Perception descriptively tells us how these appear to be one seamless event even though they are two distinct activities. (130, Nock). Sensation is when you are using one or more of the five senses. The five senses consist of Vision, Hearing, Touch, Taste and Smell. Sometimes people sense they have a sixth sense when in reality they do not. “It is the basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world.”(130, Nock) Though when using our senses our brain does a great job of blocking what we do not want to see or hear and shows what we are interested in. This is called Signal detection and it is when the “response to a stimulus depends both on a person’s sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person’s decision criterion.”(134,
Scientists ranging from James Clerk Maxwell and Max von Laue have been claimed to be true discovers of the Mass-Energy Equivalence, which has popularly been credited to Albert Einstein’s “Theory of special relativity” back in 1905. There has been many controversies, but in conclusion Einstein is the official claimer.(Ball, P. (n.d.). The equation proved that energy and matter are linked. This was only one of the major breakthroughs that Einstein made in 1905 and his best work was yet to come in later years.
Sensation refers to the process of sensing what is around us in our environment by using our five senses, which are touching, smell, taste, sound and sight. Sensation occurs when one or more of the various sense organs received a stimulus. By receiving the stimulus, it will cause a mental or physical response. It starts in the sensory receptor, which are specialized cells that convert the stimulus to an electric impulse which makes it ready for the brain to use this information and this is the passive process. After this process, the perception comes into play of the active process. Perception is the process that selects the information, organize it and interpret that information.
When it comes to the way a person detects and perceives information, sensation and perception are the concepts that are being referred to. Although sensation and perception are two different concepts, they both are connected to each other. Many people are unaware of the ways the mind can accumulate information and they just assume that the mind functions because that is what it expected to do. As sensation and perception play a significant part in the way the mind accumulates information, there are also other valuable aspects of the process. The mind obtains information by hearing, tasting, seeing, smelling, and touching different things and develops it to transmit it into everyday life.
The history of mathematics has its roots on the African continent. The oldest mathematical object was found in Swaziland Africa. The oldest example of arithmetic was found in Zaire. The 4000 year old, Moscow papyrus, contains geometry, from the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt was the cradle of mathematics. The great Greek mathematicians, including Pythagoras, Thales, and Exodus all acquired much of their mathematics from Egypt, including the notion of zero. This paper will discuss a brief history of mathematics in Africa. Starting with the Lebombo bone and the Ishango Bone, I will then present Egyptian mathematics and end with a discourse on Muslim mathematics in African. “Most histories of mathematics devote only a few pages to Africa and Ancient Egypt... Generally they ignore the history of mathematics in Africa … and give the impression that this history either did not exist or, at least …is not knowable.”
Sensation and perception are both admiring but play separate roles in how one interprets one’s world. Sensation is defined as the process of sensing our environment with the help of five different sensory organs: eyes, nose, ears, tongue, and skin. These five sensory organs are responsible for receiving different stimulations around them through seeing, smelling, hearing, tasting, and, finally, feeling through the skin. The signals which are received through the sensory organs from the environment are called sensations. Simply put, sensations are what our sense organs receive and transmit to the brain. Once the brain receives the stimulus, it converts the whole signal into feelings, taste, sound, sight, and smell. The data is forwarded to our brains in raw form where perception comes into play. On the other hand,
In 1905, Albert Einstein confirmed the Theory of Special Relativity. This stated that objects moving at a constant speed move in relation to each other. This discovery managed to unify space and time, as a concept, because of how things appear differently in space depending on the speed someone is going. This wasn’t the only concept that was a result of the Theory of Special Relativity, however. Another idea that came about as a result of the Theory of Special Relativity was the Mass-Energy Equivalence. This idea states that the energy exerted by an object is equal to the mass of that object. The Mass-Energy Equivalence is described by the equation “E = mc²”, the “E” representing energy, the “m” representing mass, and the “c” representing the speed of light. The Mass-Energy Equivalence theory was developed by Albert Einstein and thoroughly explains how mass and energy work together, as well as contributing to the development of hospital diagnostics and space technology.
The five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell are all sensations throughout the human body. Sensation is the involvement of sensory receptors as well as the central nervous system in order to allow us to experience outside stimuli. The system that allows us to experience sensation is the sensory system.