Maslow's Expectancy Theory

1130 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Importance of motivation theories in organizations

Motivation In Duicä’s study (as cited in Robescu & Iancu, 2016), motivation is defined as all internal and external driving forces that makes the individual to perform an activity, what determines the limits and forms of activity and which give it its activities oriented towards achieving certain goals. There are two types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is a motivation that comes from within a person, while extrinsic motivation is a motivation that arises because of the influence of the environment. There are dozens of theories of motivation have been proposed over the years.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The needs and satisfaction of workers identic with the biological and psychological needs, namely in the form …show more content…

Expectancy theory is grounded on four presumptions: (i) individuals enter organizations with requirements concerning their demands, incentives, and previous experiences, (ii) a person's conduct is a consequence of deliberate preference, (iii) individuals require distinct things from the organization (e.g., high salary, job security, promotion, and difficult tasks), and (iv) individuals will select among choices so as to hone end results for them personally. An individual is stimulated to the extent that he or she thinks that (a) endeavor will generate satisfactory performance (expectancy), (b) performance will be recompensed (instrumentality), and (c) the significance of the rewards is considerably positive (valence). Vroom's theory supplies an operation of cognitive variables that indicates separate dissimilarities in work incentive: employees are sensible individuals whose opinions, observations, and probability assessments impact their conduct. (Lazaroiu, …show more content…

However, Maslow also suggested that satisfied needs are not motivators, as according to him, as lower-levels needs are satisfied, they no longer drive behavior, and, consequently, higher-order needs take over as the motivating force. (Udechukwu, 2009) There is nonfinancial work motivation that can be described from one of the higher-level needs, which is esteem needs. Esteem needs—the needs to be appreciated, respected, and confident—illustrates that in the world of work, there are times when employees want to be given appreciation for the results of their hard work in the company. External esteem is fulfilled by attaining the recognition of others, social and professional standing, gratitude, and appreciation. Therefore, within the workplace, workers look for a sense of community and acceptance, pursuing the consent and recognition of their fellows and overseers. (Lazaroiu,

Show More
Related

  • Personality Theory: The Need For Self-Esteem

    840 Words  | 2 Pages

    older people imagine clear to a greater degree by their social roles. (Kuhn, 1960). The need for self-esteem plays an important role in psychologist Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which depicts self-esteem as one of the basic human motivations. Maslow suggested that people need both esteem from other people as well as inner self-respect. Both of these needs must be fulfilled in order for an individual to grow as a person and achieve self-actualization.

    Read More

  • Maslow's Theory

    566 Words  | 2 Pages

    Alderfer, C. (1969). An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Needs. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, vol. 4, pp. 142 - 175.

    Read More

  • Exploring the Aspects of Self-Determination Theory

    1543 Words  | 4 Pages

    The first of the three, intrinsic motivation, explains that the individual does something purely out of enjoyment, and that the activity is gratifying in itself. Vallerand and O’Connor (1989) came up with a three part grouping of intrinsic motivation. There is intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, which is doing something for the sensory pleasure it brings, like a person parachuting because they enjoy the sensation of falling through the air. Intrinsic motivation to know relates to doing an activity in order to learn. A person taking an online class to learn more on that field shows off this type of motivation. The last part of intrinsic motivation is to accomplish. This refers to an individual performing an activity for the pleasure of achievement, creating, or to surpass oneself. When a person is focused more on the process of achievement rather than the actual achievements results, they are intrinsically motivated through accomplishment (Vallerand and Grouzet, 2001). Extrinsic motivation is present whenever there some kind of external factors waiting for the individual at the end of the activity. There are four different forms of extrinsic motivation, which are defined by the degree to which the motivation is self-determined (Lapointe and Perreault, 2013). First of the four is integrated regulation, which means an individual joined

    Read More

  • Understanding Incentives as Workplace Motivation

    2086 Words  | 5 Pages

    Every person has a motivating factor that makes them go to work. Some people go to work for the paycheck or the benefits, others go to work for the social aspect or experience, these are incentives. Incentives are the most common motivating factor for people to complete tasks. This is also called, work motivation. Work motivation is defined as “A force that drives people to behave in a way that energizes, directs, and sustains their work behavior” (Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Shapiro, D. L., 2004). In contrast to the benefits of incentives, incentives are commonly counterproductive because they undermine the intrinsic motivation of an individual, this is the overjustification effect.

    Read More

  • Theme Of Motivation In The Great Gatsby

    1821 Words  | 4 Pages

    Once stated by Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” The aforementioned ideology places an emphasis on an individual’s internal desires, rather than an outside/external force driving the individual’s consciousness (cognitive evaluation.) Therefore intrinsic motivation is one in which an individual 's own desire comes from within; a relentless and genuine passion for an intended goal. On the contrary, when an individual relies on external factors such as, a reward or any other form of external reinforcement, an extrinsic motivation is exhibited. Although society likes to stress the importance in pursuing an internal motivation, in today 's modern world, an extrinsic factor far outweighs an internal desire to accomplish an objective.

    Read More

  • Engstrom Auto Mirror Case Study

    722 Words  | 2 Pages

    The plan paid out bonuses regularly along with paying a percentage of the labor savings each month. Which motivated all of the employees to increase their morale and increase their productivity. However, the only misleading part about the Scanlon plan was that the employees began to believe that the bonus was part of their regular paycheck, instead of relating the bonus with their own improved efforts they put into the company. Therefore, expectancy theory has been a dominant model in explaining how people make decisions regarding effort expenditure at a workplace; the conventional approach while applying the theory involved in multiplying the outcomes such as pay raise or promotion by expectancy of an outcome that will occur if a person works hard. (Biberman, G., Baril, G. L., & Kopelman, R. E., 1986, p.2). Furthermore, the results in the expectancy theory would be obtained by a motivational force score that would possibly predict work effort and job performance across the employees. So, it is ideal that the employees would respond in a positive manner to the following three essentials for them to employ extra effort and performance on a specific job. The three essentials are the following: expectancy, instrumentality and valence are linked to motivation. If an employee feels valued and rewarded for the efforts they’ve

    Read More

  • Motivation In Steinbeck's Of Mice And Men

    552 Words  | 2 Pages

    motivation is a behavior that makes people want to struggle all the time until he or she achieved the things that they all wanted. motivation can be divided into two ways, intrinsic and extrinsic. the intrinsic one usually comes from his or her desire and this method is really proven that it can possibly achieved if this intrinsic method is used because we do not need to rely on people around like friends mostly. the extrinsic one is the reversal from the intrinsic that we rely on the people who taught us to be motivated and this method quite or often proven or succeed because human also need a help each other.

    Read More

  • Strengths and Weaknesses of McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory and Expectancy Theory

    1831 Words  | 4 Pages

    Motivation play an important role in today’s work environment as motivated employees are more productive employees. However, the ways how we motivate the employees have to be improved from time to time as employees are being more demanding and that they are more concern about their needs than before. Motivational strategies have probably affected the most by employee concerns and values (Greiner 1986, p. 82). ‘A motivational strategy is any effort to induce employees to initiate and sustain activities that can directly or indirectly improve service productivity’ (Greiner 1986, p. 82). Motivation can have an effect on the output of your business and concerns both quantity and quality. For example, if you are in a manufacturing company, your business actually relies heavily on your production staff to make sure that quality product are being produce and being delivered to your client at the right time. However, if your production employees are lack of motivation they will be not motivated to produce the amount of product demanded, thus will be very costly. In the essay below, we will be discussing on the strength and weaknesses of McClelland’s acquired needs theory and the expectancy theory.

    Read More

  • Abraham Maslow: A Theory Of Human Motivation?

    1399 Words  | 3 Pages

    In Maslow’s theory, the needs of belongingness, esteem and self-actualization are placed in higher hierarchies of physiological as well as safety needs. In other words, only when people’s basic needs and safety are ensured, will they begin to pursue higher level of needs. Whereas, it is not exactly true. The theory can not apply to the starved poets, the eremites who cut off the contact with society or the mountaineers caring less about security on his way to reach the top (Kremer and Hammond, 2013). All those people can be idealists that disregard physiological and safety needs but care more about self-actualization. It can be seen that people’s needs vary from person to person. Therefore, there is no doubt that Maslow’s theory is proved to be wrong. Also, it is evident that all the human needs are equal. Even if the individuals’ physiological and safety needs are not fulfilled, they still have the strong desire to be loved, receive respect and achieve their life objectives. Tay and Diener (2011) pointed out that whether other needs were satisfied had slight effect on the relevance of subjective well-being (SWB) with the fulfillment of particular needs. To be more specific, in the workplaces, employees work not only for salary to ensure their physiological and safety needs, but also for life evaluation at the same time. If

    Read More

  • What Are The Three Types Of Motivation

    2127 Words  | 5 Pages

    An intrinsic motivation is characterized as a motivation for the sack of doing it. There is no external reward for completing the specific task in intrinsic motivation. The motivation come from the person 's desire to complete the task because they know the task itself is rewarding enough. An internal motivation differs slightly from intrinsic motivation. Internal motivation is strictly from the desire and willingness of the person to complete the task. External motivation is a motivation factored by outside influences. Whether the outside influence is negative or positive, the motivation comes from money, grades, awards, tokens, criticism, or punishments.

    Read More

  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    1237 Words  | 3 Pages

    Each higher order of motivational need is built upon a more basic need. After physiological and safety needs are met then the individual looks to belong and be accepted by peers and groups that they identify with. Once accepted, one looks to improve their self-esteem and garner the respect and esteem of their peers and the groups to which they belong. Finally an individual is driven by the need to become self-actualized, becoming all that one has the potential of becoming.

    Read More

  • Essay On Self Determination Theory

    1102 Words  | 3 Pages

    Intrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does for enjoyment of the activity itself. There is no external reward for these behaviors, and it is seen as a prototype for autonomous behaviors. Extrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does to illicit a direct consequence. In some cases, one might behave a certain way to avoid punishment, or alternatively, to receive a reward. Most people are extrinsically motivated to go to work every day. There are four different types of extrinsic motivation: External, introjected, identified, and integrated. For certain activities, Amotivation can occur, which usually has negative effects. This occurs when people’s needs aren’t being satisfied by whatever they are doing. Each of the types of motivation can be located on The Self-Determination

    Read More

  • Theories of Motivation

    1158 Words  | 3 Pages

    In today's complex business environment; traditional approaches like monetary incentives are not the only prime motivators. In addition to expecting financial incentives for their performance, employee's expectations are much more. Appreciation, recognition and opportunities for personal growth; must be catered for to harness maximum productivity. Furthermore in an era where change is imperative for the organisation's survival, highly motivated employees, represent flexibility and show willing to change; a vital component for the success of any organisation.

    Read More

  • The Importance of Motivation in an Organization

    1539 Words  | 4 Pages

    Mullins (2002) also classifies motivation into Intrinsic and Extrinsic types. Intrinsic motivation involves psychological rewards to enhance job satisfaction, such as the opportunity to use one's ability, a sense of achievement, receiving appreciation and positive recognition or being treated in a considerate manner (Mullins, 2002:P490). Such methods ensure employees are constantly motivated while being engaged in activities that are enjoyable and rewarding.

    Read More

  • Abraham Maslow Theory

    1049 Words  | 3 Pages

    During his life and in modern days, Maslow’s Hierarchy has been used to enhance leadership in business settings. Many motivational enterprises have taken the Hierarchy of Needs and adapted them to teach leaders how to help their employees achieve a high level of motivation. A company named Ovation Incentives trains that “an employee needs their basic needs such as their salary and work conditions to be fulfilled first before reaching high level needs such as feeling part of something bigger within an organization” (Stead,

    Read More

More about Maslow's Expectancy Theory

Open Document