Lillian Ma Per. 2B I. State Background Maryland was established in 1632. It was founded by George Calvert, who was the first Lord Baltimore. George Calvert never made it to his colony, but his son, Cecilius named it Maryland after Henrietta Maria, King Charles’ wife. However, Cecilius never could go to Maryland, so his brother Leonard went and became governor of Maryland. The free population in Maryland was 208,649, and the slave population was 103,036. Their economy mostly consists of tobacco boat building, farming, and catching seafood. II. Personal Background Luther Martin was born February, 1748, in New Brunswick, New Jersey. During 1787, he was around 39 years old. He was one of nine children, and their parents were Benjamin and Hannah …show more content…
He wanted to allow the smaller states to have a role in the government as well, so he created the New Jersey Plan. The New Jersey Plan wanted to make minor changes to the Articles of Confederation. Luther Martin wanted to give the Congress more power while still allowing one vote for every state, like the original Articles of Confederation. National Legislature Luther Martin was one of the twelve Antifederalist delegates, but he soon became a federalists as well because of his hatred toward Thomas Jefferson. He thought that the National Legislature should be represented with one representative per state because he thought that if the representatives were chosen proportionally, the smaller states would not be represented enough. On June 27, he gave a 3 hour speech during the convention on why the states should not be given representation proportionally. His New Jersey Plan wanted to edit the Articles of Confederation to give the national legislature more power. He thought that the Supreme Court needed to have a jury otherwise, the freedom that they fought for was in …show more content…
Luther Martin proposed that electors should indirectly elect the chief executive. Works Cited: "Luther Martin Biography." - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. "Writing It All Down: The Art of Constitution Making for the State & the Nation, 1776-1833." Maryland Constitutional Convention of 1776. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 201 "National Constitution Center." – Constitutioncenter.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. "The Constitution of the United States: America 's Founding Fathers."National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. "American National Biography Online: Martin, Luther." American National Biography Online: Martin, Luther. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. Garraty, John A., and Mark C. Carnes. "Martin, Luther." American National Biography. Vol. 14. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. 605-08. Print. Clarkson, Paul S., and R. Samuel Jett. Luther Martin of Maryland. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1970.
Smaller states like Delaware and New Jersey objected to the Virginia Plan saying that the large states would easily outvote them in Congress if the number of votes were based on population. After weeks of debate, William Patterson of New Jersey put forth a plan that called for three branches including a legislature with only one house where each state would have one vote. The New Jersey Plan with a single house legislature and equal representation was more like Congress under the Articles.
To begin with the unequal representation of the states in the Virginia Plan was of great concern and controversy while the New Jersey Plan retained equal representation of the states. Virginia proposed a bicameral legislature that included elections by the people and appointments by those elected. This system used both wealth and population as a determining factor in regards to the number of seats in both houses. New Jersey on the other hand proposed single house legislature that allow each state a single vote. Votes based on population would put small states at a disadvantage. The states that were more populated would be in control of the legislative branches, leaving small states without a voice. Concerns about who was to be counted in the population also ...
King Jr, Martin Luther. "Martin Luther King Jr." Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787 (2003): 105.
This task was easier said than done. The fear of creating a government with too much power was a fear that was very much alive throughout the states. Tyranny was a common factor in developing governments, the delegates were seeking to avoid this error. Two ground rules were put into place for the Convention. The first was that any and all deliberations were to remain secretive. The second was that no topic or decisions would be considered closed and could therefore be up for debate and revision at any time. Once these rules were agreed upon, business started. The two contenders were the Virginia Plan, which had the larger states rooting, and the New Jersey Plan, claiming the votes of the smaller states. Under the Virginia Plan, legislature would be two houses and would be represented based on population. Under the New Jersey Plan, legislature would be one house and each state would have equal representation regardless of population. An agreement could not be reached between these two plans, instead a compromise was made. The Great Compromise met each side with an upper and lower house. The upper house was the Senate and would provide equal representation that was elected by the lower house. The lower house was the House of Representatives and would be dispersed based on population of the states. This compromise satisfied the small and large states, giving a
The Virginia plan was a plan for how the national government should be run, and as Virginia was a large state it naturally favored the larger states than the smaller states. The Virginia plan called for a strong national government that was composed of three branches: the legislative, which was split into two houses, number of representatives based on state population, and had the power to select the executive and judiciary branches. The New Jersey plan favored smaller states and would have the government be composed of a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, regardless of population, and giving Congress the power to raise revenue from imports and postal service fees. The judicial branch would be headed by a
Bainton, Roland H. Here I Stand: A life of Martin Luther. New York. Abington Printing Press. 1950
“Give me liberty, or give me death.” Patrick Henry is forever noted in history for this famous line during the American Revolution. His contributions to liberty did not stop with the British, however. Patrick Henry was the leader of the Anti-Federalists in the early years of our country. The Anti-Federalists did not want a federal government system, where there is a strong central government, then smaller, state governments. Patrick Henry had his own ideas for a decentralized national government, which he added on to the Constitution during the ratification convention in Virginia.
The Virginia Plan was not liked by the smaller states. The smaller states were in fear that they would not receive enough representation if the legislature was decided by a state 's population. This opposition led to the creation of the New Jersey Plan. The New Jersey Plan proposed a unicameral legislature where every state only gets one representative. This plan would have gone without scrapping the Articles of Confederation and it would have recognized more states’ rights. The debate between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan ended in a
New Jersey’s plan was nicknamed the Paterson Plan. Paterson was the first committee of representation at the convention. He arrived at the convention on May 25 and left on August 6. His role was very important at the convention as the primary author of the New Jersey Plan. Paterson left the convention after the big issue of representation within the senate was resolved. After he left the convention, he only came back to sign the constitution on September 17. Paterson’s main argument was that other delegates had gone too far with their authority. It was once said that, “Mr. Paterson is one of those kind of men whose powers break in upon you, and create wonder and astonishment” (William Pierce). After the new government was established, he served in the U.S. Senate for New Jersey and also served in the Associate Justice in the Supreme
Kittelson, James M. Luther the Reformer: The Story of the Man and His Career. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.
The New Jersey Plan was proposed during the Constitutional Convention in 1787, where the delegates from each state were creating their new government. One of the plans that were proposed at the Conventional Convention was the Virginia Plan. This plan was written by James Madison who grew up on a wealthy plantation in Virginia. The plan said that the government should be split into three branches to keep equal power throughout the government. Though it did say seem flawless, there was one factor that displeased the smaller state. It said that the government should use the proportional representation, which is when voting would be based off of how many delegates there were. This was a problem for smaller states because then those states would not have as much of the vote as the larger states.
showed great interest in politics and was extremely intelligent, and taking part in advocating revolution he came into the convention as one of the talks of the town as he was in truth one of the people that pushed for the Constitutional Convention in 1787. He was one of the ardent critics of the Articles of Confederation. While many of the colleagues at the convention favored an authoritarian central government while others wanted to have states stay sovereign; most of the positions were within the middle of the extremes. Madison had drafted one the draft known as the Virginia Plan which favored bicameral legislature and rotation in office (term limits) and having population determine the number of representatives. Virginia Plan also had fundamental ideas of checks and balances to prevent abuse of power along with descriptions of the three branches of government known as the judicial, executive, and legislative. Thus, from the aforementioned descriptions of his plan he supported a strong central government and while many of his initial proposals would be rejected his Virginia Plan would be incorporated within the constitution, or at least parts of it and is hailed as the “Father of the Constitution” and was one of the key players of the Bill of Rights later
The first proposals to this new plan were the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan. The Virginia Plan called for a separation of powers among the government’s three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Some states proposed this idea and came up with the New Jersey Plan, which called for all of the states to have equal representation from Congress. In order to move forward from the deadlock of the two proposals, the Connecticut Compromise was enacted. This decided that legislature would be bicameral, which meant that there would be two houses: one would have equal representation and one would be based on state population. This unified the states under a federal system. To this day, there are three types of Fe...
“Martin Luther King, Jr...” Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2013. .
Hundersmarck, Lawrence F. "Martin Luther." Great Thinkers of the Western World Jan. 1, 1992: pg 150.