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Martin luther influence of the reformation
Impact Of the Printing Press
Martin luther influence of the reformation
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The year 1483 certainly was not the best of times and arguably not the worst of times but it was a notable time in that the birth of one Martin Luther did occur and the re-birth of Christendom was not far away. Eisleben, Germany is noted as the birthplace of young Martin Luther just ten days into November. Germany at that time was a place of emperors, princes, princelings, nobles, lords and knights. A place once called the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. A place that had no qualms with poverty or those who lived poverty’s reality, the peasants. One of the many odd things about young Martin’s Germany was the fact that the princes at that time were made up of archbishops and bishops who had been appointed by the pope (so much for separation of church and state). In 1483, Emperor Frederick III presided over what can be described as a violent and brutal Germany, a land that hosted torture and established a new class of people…the executioner. Debate over the death penalty was non-existent for even young Martin would grow up to support state executions as being divine punishment. Today’s electric chair seems humane compared to “the wheel”, “the stake”, or being boiled to death in oil or water, styles of execution that were a common place in young Martin’s time. Young Martin’s Germany was a lively and interesting place but everything except static. The fire of change was tiny but being kindled with embers from corrupt clerics, the destruction of the flat earth theory and the invention of the printing press were but a few. Change was emphatically in the wind.
Hans and Margarethe Luther had four boys with Martin being the second, and one of two to survive the dreaded plague. Hans went from laboring in copper and silver mines to later owning several small foundries. Despite the promotion, the Luther’s were still not far from basic peasantry, but young Martin did enjoy some of the better things life had to offer such as an education. Though he couldn’t escape the infrequent brutal beatings at the hands of his parents, he did at times play like the other kids. Martin enrolled in the University of Erfurt in the spring of 1501 with a solid primary and secondary education behind him, and he intended on studying law. Like most institutions of higher learning at that time, Erfurt concentrated on philosophy and that meant “thinking and reasoning”; one would say you...
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...Leo X called for a hearing in Rome but Martin argued it should be in Germany with German judges. His prince Frederick the Wise agreed and got the emperor to sign on. Ausborg would be host to the hearing though Rome preferred Martin be bound in chains, fetters and handcuffs and delivered there. Things went so bad at Ausborg, Martin ended stealing away at night to stagger back to Wittenberg, dazed and feeling alone. At Martins hearing, the Church stood strictly on its tradition and its assumed position of authority. Martin stood on scripture. While this was going on the people of Germany were watching and were stirred by the spirit of the debate. Martin stayed the course and things continued to heat up with the Roman Curia investigating and condemning him in 1520, and a year later excommunicating him. They summoned him to appear before Emperor Charles V at The Diet of Worms, and they expected him to recant his position. He didn’t. Upon his condemnation, his prince placed him in hiding at Wartburg castle where he would translate the New Testament from Greek to German and also go down in history as the progenitor of the Protestant Reform Movement. Christendom would forever be changed.
Dunstan’s guilt originates in his childhood on account of a traumatizing encounter. The guilt Dunstan continuously endures is with him throughout his life, starting with the snowball incident caused by the vindictive Percy. Percy Boyd Staunton, acting foolish, throws a snowball intended for Dunstan; however, Dunstan ducks, and it hits pregnant Mary Dempster. As a result, Mrs. Dempster develops mental health problems and she is forced to
James Kittelson’s biography on the life of Luther is thought provoking and informative. Kittelson does not have a concise thesis, but as it is a biography the central theme of Luther the Reformer is an insightful narrative of Martin Luther’s life from his birth in Eisleben until his death on February 18, 1546 in Eisleben. Kittelson thoroughly and with great detail and sources explains Luther’s mission to reform the catholic church. Luther the Reformer seeks to condense Luther’s life in a manner which is more easily read for those who do not know the reformer’s story well. Luther is portrayed not only as a theologian throughout the book, but as a person with struggles and connections throughout the Germanic region in which he lived. Luther’s theology is portrayed throughout the entirety of the book, and Kittelson approaches Luther’s theology by explaining Luther’s past. The inclusion of
Roland H. Bainton opens the door to the life of Martin Luther one the greatest theologians of all time. Dr. Bainton, who was a minister along with serving as a faculty member for forty-two years at Yale’s school of Divinity. Mr. Bainton celebrates the life of this great Christian leader, by bringing to life one of the greatest events in the history of the Christian church and society which was the Great Reformation of the fifteen hundreds. The church-history changing act of nailing his 95 theses to the church door of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517 set Luther on course to become a man worthy of study by those who follow him and seek biblical truth. In Dr. Bainton’s work “Here I Stand” we will investigate Martin Luther’s stand
The Civil Rights Movement is one of the most important events of the history of the United States. Although many people contributed to this movement, Martin Luther King, Jr., is widely regarded as the leader of the movement for racial equality. Growing up in the Deep South, King saw the injustices of segregation first hand. King’s studies of Mahatma Ghandi teachings influenced his views on effective ways of protesting and achieving equality. Martin Luther King’s view on nonviolence and equality and his enormous effect on the citizens of America makes him the most influential person of the twentieth century.
Fortinbras, a Norway prince, was calm and spirited, while using his thought processes to avenge his father’s death, relating to the importance of not falling down to anger and use of thought processes. The Norway prince, shared the same tragic event of losing his father as Laertes and Hamlet, though Fortinbras has proven the most successful character because he is the last one living. Hamlet’s bold words spoke of Fortinbras after meeting with the captain of Fortinbras’s army, “Look at this massive army led by a delicate and tender prince whose so puffed up with divine ambition” (Shakespeare 108). The wording is extremely substantial because Hamlet brings up that he is brought by divine ambition, a desire to reach a goal. Fortinbras is composed, in control of his body, and of course not controlled by anger, but a goal. The prince of Norway devised several plans by reclaiming land once lost, and waiting until it was the right time to strike. He was more strategic than Hamlet and Laertes, and did not allow anger to consume him. When he arrives in Denmark, he comes at the right time because chaos occurs leaving everyone dead. His action of attack was not so sudden, but put within a process under the control of his brain and not anger. Fortinbras is the character that Shakespeare wants human’s to be, strong enough to control anger and use thought
This piece takes into account Hamlet’s thoughts of suicide, how his revenge will affect Claudius’ soul, and his dislike of deceit and other violations of Christian law to emphasize Hamlet’s devoutness. This devoutness is demonstrative of Hamlet’s strong moral compass and willingness to follow his conscience. This same consideration of one’s conscience is not demonstrated by two other characters in Hamlet who are in situations similar to Hamlet’s, Laertes and Fortinbras. Laertes is the son of a noble man named Polonius, who Hamlet accidentally murders because he mistook him for Claudius. Fortinbras is the Prince of Norway, whose father was killed by Old King Hamlet in war. All three of these young men have faced the death of their father, and pursue justice. However, Hamlet’s deep sense of morality binds him to Christian doctrine, which prevents him from immediately taking action toward avenging his father’s death. Laertes and Fortinbras lack this dominant moral compass possessed by Hamlet. This is made clear by their immediate, aggressive pursuit of vengeance and their employment of deception as means to an end.
The political organization and religion aspects during the 16th century influenced Protestant Reformation to occur in Germany. Martin Luther’s writings reflect on his views and perspectives of German politics and religion at the time. Martin Luther’s ideas in the Letter to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation and The Statement of Grievances mentions Martin Luther’s thoughts about how corrupt the church is, why the corruption in the church needs to end, and what Martin Luther’s ideas are to change the way of the church.
According to Robert Bartholomew, a medical sociologist, stated, “Canadian psychiatrist Francois Sirois believes the answer lies not in society’s treatment of females, but their biology. He analyzed 45 school outbreaks from around the world, and found that girls near puberty are most frequently affected. Sirois observes that outbreaks in Western schools affect girls at about the same rate as those in other parts of the world, despite the social conditions being fairly uniform for both sexes.” This is somewhat true. The fact that the the little girls’ biology is a factor is this, is true. Looking at the statistic, this helps us understand why the little girls were the ones to get hit by mass hysteria. Now, the cause is not just their biology alone. It stems further than what Sirois claims- the girl’s treatment in society. According to John Goldsmith, curator of the Cromwell Museum in Huntington, England, told the BBC in 2010, witch trials may have helped restore people’s sense of control. "People who were different in any way, through age, or physical disability, or mental disability, were picked out by those who wanted to believe there was some specific reason why things had gone wrong," Goldsmith said. The little girls use their rage and frighten-selves to use. This is seen on pages 45 to 46 in The Crucible where Abigail and Betty start listing off the names of so called “witches”. The list of names they start giving off is a way for them to put them in some sort of power- the power of condemnation. The girls needed to get some kind of way to move up the ladder. They used witchcraft as their ultimate way of doing just that. The judges and villagers all trusted the little girls solely on the sense that they need to control the situation, which the girls did create, of the
Rarely can a researcher explain a classic subject that is translated from one language into another that has a readable style as Bainton did within the book. Bainton used primary sources-- summaries of Luther's writings-- and observed an exceptional culture of within Germany and described it as the Reformation. Filled with assortments of medieval and Renaissance drawings, Bainton not only gives Luther his respect as an important figure in history but provides a comprehensive biography that is appealing to scholars. Some scholars profess that Bainton’s, “Chapters on the ‘The Church Territorial’ and ‘The Church Ministerial’ are indeed brilliant.”
Martin Luther had witnessed this himself, “In 1510 he visited Rome and was shocked to find corruption on high ecclesiastical
In Hamlet, Shakespeare introduces us to Fortinbras and Hamlet. Both characters are bent on avenging the death of their fathers who were murdered. In Act I, two different revenge plots by these two men are revealed, and while Fortinbras is very open and bold about killing Claudius, Hamlet is sly and quiet about his plan. Fortinbras is also dead set on attacking Denmark no matter what but Hamlet is indecisive about killing Claudius. Fortinbras plans to lead an army to attack Denmark while Hamlet’s plan of attack is to act crazy.
Martin Luther a German theologian and religious reformer was the founding figure of the protestant reformation, the break from the Catholic Church, which in many ways marks the beginning of modern Europe. A well-expressed preacher and huge writer, Luther attacked many abuses of the Catholic Church, especially the papacy. The source of his spiritual revelation was not political or institutional but came from his inner fight of conscience. Like other people of his day, Luther was horrified that god would in the end reject him for his sins. He found a word in the bible called “Law” which increased his terror, but he also discovered a word god called “Gospel,” the good news and promise of mercy in Christ, which shed all of his worries. By his words and actions, Luther caused an action that reformulated certain rudimentary Christian belief and the division of Western Church between Roman Catholics and the Protestant traditions. He is one of the most influential person in the history of Christianity.
Speaking of the reasons of Othello’s tragedy, the opinions have been various. Some people believe that racial discrimination contributes to the tragedy; some deem that Othello’s character defects causes the tragedy; some think that the instability of their love leads to the tragic end……
Luther turned against the university and began to write the 95 Theses, which question the Catholic Church’s practice of selling indulgences. Martin Luther nailed them on the door at Wittenburg Castle Church. This spread like wildfire, all across Europe as pamphlets were being printed one after another. Just like in the movie Luther, The pope did not agree with Martin’s writings and called him to the Diet of Worms to discuss the writings that he had written. At the Diet of Worms, Luther refused to recant his writings before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V of Germany. Martin states in front of the catholic church, “Unless I am convicted by scripture and plain reason.. I will not recant. My conscious is captive to the word of God” (Luther). Luther stood for what he believed and he did not care if anyone did not agree with his writings. Martin states at the beginning of the 95 theses, “Out of love for the truth and the desire to bring it to light, the following propositions will be discussed at Wittenberg, under the presidency of the Reverend Father Martin Luther, Master of Arts and of Sacred Theology, and Lecturer in Ordinary on the same at that place. Wherefore he requests that those who are unable to be present and debate orally with us, may do so by letter” (Luther, 95 Theses). This scene in the movie is described true to what history tells us. It is one of the
“Othello” is a tragic play written by William Shakespeare. The play focuses around a core group of characters that includes Othello, Iago, Desdemona, Michael Cassio, and Barbantio. These characters shape the story. The protagonist is Othello, who is a high ranking member of the Venetian army. Othello falls victim to betrayal by his “right-hand man,” antagonist Iago. Iago gives Othello the impression that he is trustworthy and a close friend, but this is a mask of his true feelings for Othello. Throughout the play, Iago repeatedly expresses his hate for his general. He devises plans to try to humiliate Othello. His first plans center around Michael Cassio, who is Othello’s lieutenant. When this scheme falls through, Iago then focuses on Othello’s