Mariner 10 was the first space mission to be sent to Mercury. Before this launch, very little was known about the planet. Because of the little knowledge about the innermost planet, the discoveries scientists uncovered in this mission shocked them. But because scientists became curious, this eventful mission blasted off. Mariner 10 was the most eventful Mercury mission because of the challenges faced in space, the facts that were discovered about Venus and Mercury, and the current state of the spacecraft.
The objectives of the Mariner 10 spacecraft were the foundations to influence a great scientific change in history. The primary objectives were the main reasons Mariner 10 lifted off. Measurements of environments, atmospheres, surfaces, and body characteristics were to take place (“Mariner 10” Mariner 1). Mercury’s core needed to be studied. Venus’s interaction with the solar wind and the way sun particles affected the planet needed to be explored (Howell 2). Secondary objectives included experiments being performed and the process of using the gravitational pull of one planet to reach another (“Mariner 10” Mariner 1).
The spacecraft structure greatly influenced the impact of this mission on science history. The spacecraft itself weighed 503 kilograms, or 1,108 pounds. The fuel weighed twenty-nine kilograms, or sixty-four pounds. The adapter weighed thirty kilograms, or sixty-six pounds (Hamilton 1). Measuring the spacecraft diagonally resulted in 1.39 meters, or 4.56 feet. The depth measurements came out to .457 meters, or 1.5 feet (Hamilton 1). Two solar panels were strategically placed on top, both 2.7 meters, otherwise known as 8.86 feet, in perimeter measurements (Hamilton 1). This eight-sided spacecraft was also equipped wi...
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...(“Mariner 10” Mission 1). Mariners 1-10 cost about 554 million dollars altogether. Mariner 10 itself cost about 100 million dollars (“Mariner 10” Nasa 3). The spacecraft’s controls and transmitters were turned off, leaving it suspended in space still orbiting the sun. The spacecraft also ran out of fuel, discontinuing any information to reach NASA (Howell 4).
The Mariner 10 mission was the spacecraft that has been credited with finding out more about Venus and Mercury. Being a mission of many firsts, this mission left a mark on science history. Many experiments were performed and tested, setting a foundation for future missions. The events that took place in this mission helped NASA and other scientists who study space learn more about our neighboring planets. Mariner 10 was the foundation for other Mercury missions and definitely contributed greatly towards science
One year later after her discovery, she became a part of the “American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and shortly after that she became a part of the, “America Association for the Advancements of Science”. Soon after being a part of these two incredible societies, she began her work at “U.S. Nautical Almanac Office”. She than left and began traveling all around Europe and the United States, which than came to an end in 1865 when she became an astronomy professor for one of the many prestigious schools, Vassar College. Professor Maria Mitchell enjoyed hands on work with her students, they would tract sunspots and than take photographs of them. It happens to be so that they recorded Venus crossing the sun, which is an extremely rare sighting. She was a very loved an well respected professor, because of how of what she had accomplished and how much she cared for each and everyone of her students.
The Apollo 13 Mission had a huge impact on space exploration. The Determination of the crew helped them return back to earth. People may think that Apollo 13 would have been a better success if they changed the launch date. Even though they failed at their goals the overall result was success. If they had changed the launch date NASA would have had more time to check the spacecraft and make sure that it was safe. If this event had not happened NASA wouldn't have learned how to make spaceships safer as well as space exploration and learn what to do in this type of emergency.
Apollo 1, launched on 27 January 1967 – during pre-launch there was an on-board fire that killed the crew.
Kuhn, T. S., 1957. The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought. Londen: Harvard University Press.
Stern,D., Peredo, M. (2005, December 25) Some Dates in the Exploration of the Magnetosphere. Retrieved from: http://http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/whchron2.html
Over the next 50 years Copernicus’s book would slowly make its way across Europe. In 1566 a second edition was published without the false preface. The church denounced the book and Copernicus for “going against the bible”, but eventually began to accept it and allow it to be taught. Copernicus’s work was profound and changed the direction of Astronomy. It dared to challenge the notion that the Earth was the center of the universe, and that heavenly matter was unchanging and perfect. Over the next several hundred years Brahe would observe, Kepler and Newton would pour over the numbers and they would find the Copernicus’s model had underlying truths, some flaws, but with tweaking and vigilant observations of the celestial motions it would be the basis that lead them to the model we know today. Bringing forth what we know as the Copernican Revolution.
& MCMILLAN, S. 2008. Astronomy Today - Sixth Edition, United States of America, Pearson Education, Inc.
[4] Joseph P. Kerwin, “Report to Admiral Truly”, [online], Washington, DC.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, July 28, 1986 [cited March 16, 2010], available from World Wide Web:
moon orbiting Pluto. I guess the message that has been given to the public had a key role on the broader view of
Although Pluto was discovered in 1930, limited information on the distant planet delayed a realistic understanding of its characteristics. Today Pluto remains the only planet that has not been visited by a spacecraft, yet an increasing amount of information is unfolding about this peculiar planet. The uniqueness of Pluto's orbit, rotational relationship with its satellite, spin axis, and light variations all give the planet a certain appeal.
The engineering team faced numerous challenges in the task of getting the satellites into orbit as explained in chapter three. The chapter covers blundering trial after trial and the success finally achieved by Discoverer 13 after delivering its payload (an empty capsule) undamaged to the earth’s surface.
To begin, in the story “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” you can take many lessons from this and apply it to your daily life. The story is about Mariners, or sailors, who were traveling to the South Pole. The Mariners began to get off track and got stuck in dead water. They had no wind to move them so they were just stuck in the open. In the story there was an albatross, or a big bird, who was a sign of good omen. It meant it was good luck. They felt like they were going to be saved because of the bird. It was a good sign that there was land nearby. As a joke, the older Mariner decided to shot the albatross with his bow as a joke. Well the other Mariners definitely didn’t take it as a joke. In this story there were three main messages
In the past years, many space probes have been launched for many different reasons. They have visited all of the planets in our solar system besides Pluto. The earliest space probes to be launched in the United States were the Mariner Series. They investigated Mercury, Venus, and Mars. The Mariner II flew within 35,400 km of the surface of Venus. (1) It sent information back to Earth about Venus’s atmosphere, rotation period, and information on its magnetic field. Mariner 10 has been the only space probe to reach Mercury so far. Another space probe, Helios I came within
Venus, the second planet closest to the Sun and Earth’s closest neighbor, is known for its many wonders and harsh conditions. Venus is possibly the first planet discovered by humans and is said to have been first discovered in 17 B.C. by Babylonian astronomers. Venus is the first planet to be explored by spacecraft although many of these attempts have proven unsuccessful. Fortunately, more than twenty of the spacecraft explorations been proven successful, and through those we have gained knowledge about this wonder of the night sky.
Space has always been a pivotal and utmost important subject for many years. In the past, scientists have made monumental advances in this field such as sending people into orbit and landing a man on the moon. Of course, this has only barely been explored and we still have a lot more to see of the ever-vast outer space. One of the most significant topics of all of science has only been touched and there’s still more to come.