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Critically discuss how Mao Zedong failed
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Mao Zedong is a multi-talented figure that ‘found himself swept up in this excitement’, (11) of political madness. Mao is responsible for many of the political initiatives that transformed the face of China, which included land reform, collectivization of agriculture and the spread of medical services. The master behind the ‘Great Leap Forward’ campaign for rural development was the beginning of Mao’s failure as a leader in the forefront.
On the foreign policy level, Mao succeeded in separating China from the Soviet Union and domestically he became increasingly wary or paranoid of his subordinates’ approach to development, as he feared it was fostering deep social and political inequalities among China. His reluctance to adhere or listen to his advisor and team members also caused him to become very withdrawn from active decision-making. His approach to take step back and then pounced seems to only effectively work in certain situation and not others.
Mao who has the heart and goodness to help the poor, considered to be a visionary leader, labeled as a cult hero, a misguided social engineer, an idealist that got blinded and lastly a brutal tyrant; reminds me of a leader that just didn’t learn from his past mistakes and fully comprehended what balance meant.
Reading through the book I am more than convinced that he didn’t just decide that he was going to be tyrant leader one morning but instead he lost in the kaleidoscope mind of a leader.
He had the best intentions for his people but in the midst of implying his ideology of communism and industry to China he brought horror with him as well. It is certainly not Mao’s personal choice to decide that he wanted to produce a famine to his people. But instead he truly genuinely b...
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...alf-baked which some produced results and others vice versa.
Paranoid Mao Zedong also created the “lean to one side” policy. His approach to foreign policy of “whoever is not with us - is against us.” He basically created the follow me or don’t follow me rule. While he successfully branded himself as the person to be worshipped this showed us his insecurities of his leadership style. The need to be worshipped shows the tendency of dependency. Without his followers, his vision and goals are for nothing.
Overall, I see Mao as someone strong, confident and understood what he wanted as a leader but poor at executing his visions strategically in certain areas. While he only had great intentions, power and greed became huge obstacles that cause his to become a megalomania in his approach as a leader. His failure to recognize his own weakness prompted me to give him 4.
Mao Zedong was a very influential man in history. He forever changed the face of Chinese politics and life as a whole. His communist views and efforts to modernize China still resonate in the country today. Jonathan Spence’s book titled Mao Zedong is a biography of the great Chinese leader. Spence aims to show how Mao evolved from a poor child in a small rural village, to the leader of a communist nation. The biography is an amazing story of a person’s self determination and the predictability of human nature. The book depicts how a persuasive voice can shape the minds of millions and of people. It also shows the power and strength that a movement in history can make. This biography tells an important part of world history-the communist takeover of China.
After Chairman Mao’s death, Ji-Li and the rest of China realize that he was never the right leader for China and instead of improving China’s society, he actually prevented it. In the end, Ji-Li knows she was brainwashed by Mao’s actions. The Communist Party told them what to wear, read, think, and how to act. They never let China be free to be who they are. It was not until Mao's death that Ji-li began questioning what they were told. “It was only after Mao’s death in 1976 that people woke up. We finally learned that the whole Cultural Revolution had been part of a power struggle at the highest levels of the Party. Our leader had taken advantage of our trust and loyalty to manipulate the whole country.” (Jiang, Chapter 18). Now, as an adult, Ji-li tries to bridge the gap between China and America. She loves the freedom she enjoys in America, especially that she does not have to worry about what she says or thinks, but she does not hate China. People can not use political corruption and injustice to get what they want out of society. Promoting equality and opportunities for all is key to improving society. We can not get behind beating people up or imprisoning them because they did not abide by society’s
Ever since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the legitimacy of the revolution of which it was built upon has perennially been in question. For example, in a 1999 issue of the International Herald Tribune, a prestigious scholar claimed that all of China’s tragedies are ‘sustained by a mistaken belief in the correctness of the 1949 revolution’ and that the future progress of China depends on the recognition that the revolution was a failure. However, the CCP government was certainly not perfect and its most significant failures were its political failures such as the Anti-rightist movement and the Cultural Revolution and also economic failures such as the great leap forward. Millions of peoples were falsely accused and persecuted during the political movements of the Mao period as the CCP focused on class struggle instead of economic development during the period and tens of Millions of peoples died due to starvation as there were widespread food shortages during the great leap forward movement.
Even though Mao Zedong and Mohandas Gandhi had very different ideas on violence, development in their revolutions, and on a caste system, they are truly the same in one thing: they are both very great leaders that influenced China and India until today. They were both very creative with their ideas and had different motives and knew how to get what they believed in through to people all over their nations. Leaders today, such as Barack Obama, can learn a lot from these two influential leaders. From Mao, they can certainly learn different strategies for war and such, as well as how to develop their country towards the better. From Gandhi, leaders can learn how to get what they want with peace and kindness, while simultaneously learning that independence is possible through peace, which even leaves a bright stain of nationalism to go with it.
Which in order to accelerate his plan he had to turn China into a modern sized industrialized state. Because of this Mao decided to launch what was known as the "Great Leap Forward". “Which began the mass mobilization of the people into collectives and many communities were assigned production of a single “commodity steel”” (Keynes 46). He wanted to increase agriculture by this and only made it worse with bad weather, chaos, and exports of food necessary to secure hard currency (Keynes 32). This resulted in the Great Chinese Famine which made food short and production fell dramatically. This caused the deaths of millions which didn 't make Mao so popular and some began to hate him as a ruler. In 1959, Mao resigned as the State Chairman and this was continued by Liu Shaoqi (Keynes
The political leaders of Cuba and China gained support by attracting specific types of followers, motivation and the utilization of propaganda. These leaders had campaigns targeting specific types of people to help gain power and to get support for their revolutionary ideas. The same mindset was in place when these leaders used propaganda and used their own motivation to get into people’s heads. The leader of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, Mao Zedong, campaigned and targeted the younger generation of society.
“Education must serve proletarian politics and be combined with productive labor. Our educational policy must enable everyone who receives an education to develop morally, intellectually, and physically and to become a worker with both socialist consciousness and culture.” (Mao 63). Throughout the summer that spanned from late 1965 to 1966, tensions and conflicts rose between Mao’s followers and the Chinese Communist Party. The building of tensions that existed in China may have remained docile for decades, had it not been for Mao’s catalytic attempt to remove opposing party members through the schooling system. Mao had already established that the people required a violent sort of activism to turn their attentions away from corrupt leadership, and to promote a sense of unity through rebellion. In addition, the prevailing traditional Yan’an method of schooling had forced a separation between students, essentially dividing them into classes, which brought about an emphasis and awareness to their differing backgrounds and skills. It was through these “two important respects, [that] China’s high school students held a high potential for violent conflict once the floodgates were opened to them” (Unger 110). With these major factors contributing to an impending crisis, Mao set the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution into motion, with the goal of reinforcing communism through the removal of capitalist, traditional, and cultural elements from Chinese society. Mao’s major revolutionary advances were brought about by his changes to the Chinese educational system, and although Mao’s reforms were seemingly sound and made with “good intentions”, it was these changes themselves that ultimately ended in disaster for the nation. Because of M...
That his desires to create equality amongst his people were good is not the argument here. Rather, the focus is that by seeking to destroy the bourgeoisie within China and to raise up the proletariat, Mao simply helped these two social classes switch roles.
Lin Biao began to promote everything that Mao did, proclaiming that Mao Zedong Thought represented "the peak of modern-day thought" and provided a shortcut to Marxism (Leese, 2011, p. 93). Although the effects of the Great Leap Forward were widely known, Mao became adept at protecting his reputation from it, convincing the People 's Liberation Army to blame Chiang Kai Shek for the disaster. (Leese, 2001, pp. 100-101) This shows how Mao was able to protect his reputation, encourage the spread of his ideologies and cult figure, while still enraging people against the enemy. Initially Mao 's cult of personality was confined to advocating new ways of studying and applying Mao Zedong Thought. The messages were spread throughout the media in papers run by the CCP or the PLA, like the People 's Daily and the Liberation Army News.
Jung Chang, who wrote Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China was the first of her 3 generations to be raised under the Communist regime. Her parents worked for the Communist party and throughout her childhood she had to follow a set of rules that forced her respect orders under Mao’s rule. Like most Chinese people, she indeed followed Mao’s words and perspective, but in the end she knew that it was Mao that was responsible for China’s suffering. Her views are very biased because she hated Communists, and primarily wrote about the bad that Communism brought to China. She watched her family suffer for years, hating the Communist regime.
The main aspect of his worldview was “socialism in one country” (Wood, 5, 10), instead of world revolution because he believed that, in order to have world revolution, he first needed to concentrate on making his own country communist. Even though all these revolutions and campaigns and revolutions were not all successful, his view of a socialist, industrialized, and communist country was somewhat successful. Although Stalin and Mao were two very different communist figures with completely different approaches to a socialist country, they were able to get along.
Mao created a new way to govern China through the peasants when he announced the Great Leap Forward. The Great
Mao Zedong, likewise transliterated as Mao Tse-tung and normally alluded to as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese Communist progressive, and the establishing father of the People's Republic of China, which he administered as Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its foundation in 1949 until his demise in 1976. His Marxist–Leninist speculations, military procedures, and political approaches are on the whole known as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought.
...y of life. Unlike any ordinary leaders of a revolution, Mao and Gandhi knew just how to take on what their countries really needed. Whether it was freedom from colonialism, or oppression from higher classes, they knew what their people needed. Gandhi knew his people had rights the British outlawed, and peacefully fought hard to retrieve them. He also believed that the Indians shouldn’t forget their traditions and culture, no matter how much the Western World pushed to change them. Mao believed the working class should have equal if not, more power than any other class in China. In fact, he believed there should not even be any classes at all. Everyone wants equality, whether in China or in India. Mao and Gandhi were able to give their country equality, freedom, and a philosophy that would influence their countries’ political and moral decisions for decades to come.
...ation's resources more effectively than previously done and launched the most ambitious program of industrialization in Chinese history . Mao believed in the class struggle. Thus, he thought that if he distributed the resources of China to the poorer areas, he would increase productivity in these areas and as a result, the wealthy class would have to compete (struggle) with the lower class to maintain productivity. Chinese economic accomplishments during the Maoist era included overall economic growth, creation of strong industrial base, equally allocated resources, a road system, and public health improvements. Despite this, the living standards remained very low and China's economic system was very inefficient. "Mao saw economic development only in terms of national power, not in terms of individual well-beinga growing preoccupation in China," (Terrill, 432).