Managing Fishery Resources
Types of management-
1. Input controls- "limiting the capacity of fishermen to remove fish from the stock"
Types of Input controls:
Ø Limited entry licensing- # of vessels
Ø Vessel size/power restrictions- problem- works as a challenge- not a barrier
Ø Gear restriction: create specifications with the goal of protecting certain size/ species or habitats
Ø Days at sea: controls effort and distributes
Ø Close times: protect during essential times, such as spawning, also as with the scallop and lobster fishery, limits conflict of gear between two important industries.
Ø Close areas: protect areas essential to certain stages or areas that have been over fished, etc.
2. Output controls- "limiting the amount and characteristics of organisms removed from a stock" (may be subdivided by areas).
Ø Trip limits: limits on how much can be landed per trip.
Ø Individual quotas: amount of organisms that can be removed per licensed fisherman. (May be transferable)
Ø Size limits: minimum size- protects juveniles; maximum size protects stock that is reproducing. (Achieve an optimum size)
( From "Developmental Potential of the Maine Scallop Industry", submitted by Gardner Pinfold Consulting Economists Limited, Halifax. January 2000, p. 31-32)
* Emphasis needs to be placed on unity and group purpose. Resource sustainability is the bottom line.
1. Limited Entry
? Is a limited entry situation needed to protect traditional draggers?
? Should there be discrimination between full vs. part time fishermen?
A. By what criteria would a license be granted? Possible ideas include;
1. History of participation (documented)-
a. Establish a retroactive base year
· Problems: some...
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...es a sense of stewardship of the ocean environment for those involved.
Administration:
· A decision would have to be reached upon how to divide up the regions, and how the management of these regions would be organized (lobster zone councils could be referred to as a model). Other issues include voting rights, and how (and if?) those fishermen who prefer to "roam" could continue this practice. Finally, the issue of funds would need to be considered by each region (one idea to attain funds is a surcharge on the scalloping license, because it is relatively inexpensive at $89).
Enforcement:
· Each zone would be in charge of deciding which measures it wanted to adopt, and similarly, how to best enforce these measures
· As for the enforcement of zones themselves, designating symbols (letters, numbers, etc.) for each zone would enable boundaries to be enforced.
Scientists predict a major population crash of Maine lobsters in the near future, due to over-harvesting, increasing demand, and a lack of successful regulatory measures reflecting such factors. The attempt to introduce various policy measures creating more limited access to the resource has been largely ineffective due to the unique ecological, economic, and social characteristics of the state. Further complicating the issue is the matter of thriving lobster populations during recent years when other marine wildlife populations are experiencing severe losses along the same region of the eastern seaboard. This paper examines the conflict between lobster fishermen, scientists, and policy makers regarding attempts to work toward a more sustainable lobster fishing industry.
In the late 1990s fishermen were getting stressed and many of them turned in their boats. This is because the government made new rules and regulations for the fishing industry. These rules are supposed to help endangered fish, although some are not helping at all. The government allows small boat fishermen to catch only 500 pounds of cod per day and requires them to toss any extra overboard before they reach shore.
of New England. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration website. Retrieved June 16, 2007 from http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/history/stories/groundfish/grndfsh1.html#art
With a coastline of over 202 000 km and over a fourth of the world’s freshwater resources, it is no wonder why Canada’s fishing industry is a huge part of its economy.1 Canada exports more than 75% of its fish to over 130 countries worldwide. Many of the 7 million people who reside on the coast depend on the ocean’s resources. In total, Canada’s entire fishing industry is worth around 5$ billion dollars a year, being one of the world’s most valuable. However, the coasts have not been treated by respect; overfishing, over consumption, and wasteful practices has deteriorated, not only the industry, but the ecosystems and fish populations. This is a huge global issue; the worldwide collapse of fisheries has been project for 2048. Slowly, as the trends continue, we will inevitably see many fish species start to disappear. In fact, the ill-treatment of species on the Canadian border has already devastated a large specie, the cod.
Grabowski, Jonathan H., et al. "The Role Of Food Limitation In Lobster Population Dynamics In
People can catch fish and skin them and clean them off, fry them and then eat them. Then there is deer, which you have to have a license to hunt. People also have to have fishing licenses or a park ranger or gain warden will fine you $75 and $20 more if you are caught with more fish that you are suppose to have.(Penalties for Fishing without a License,1). There are 3 types of fishing limits and restrictions, and they are catch limits, possession limits, and size restrictions.(Fishing limits and size retrictions,1). Catch limits means that you can only catch a certain amount of fish in one day. When you catch your limit, then you better not keep anymore or you will get fined. Possession limits means to target the fishing mortality rate. Then there is size restrictions of a fish, which is the size the fish has to be before you keep it. A fish has to be exactly 13 inches. If your fish is bigger or smaller than 13 inches then people will get fined.
Generation after generation gathered food off the land, people are continuing to practice this in our modern world today. Societies expressly continue to gather their own food as it provides an inexpensive, delightful tasting meal. One of the techniques of our historical past that is still in use today, that has been used for generation after generation is “netting” fish. Netting is a classic technique that has not faced as many revisions to its practice. It persists from one generation to the next due to the fact, that many do not understand it to be harmful to the environment; others may enjoy the idea of letting commercial fisheries catch large numbers of fish as it continues to keep some of Americans favorite meals low cost. Devastating fall out from neglectful thinking about netting will occur in the future if preservative action toward this way of life is not taken. Minimizing the use of nets in waterways will ensure salmon and other fish survive for many more generations to come, allowing this plentiful food source given to us by Mother Nature to be exploited and enjoyed by our future kin. With food sources now readily available, fishing with nets should be reevaluated as follows; who is allowed to fish with nets, what are their purposes, and how will this effect tributary fishing populations.
Overfishing is a major problem in economy today. The practices of fishing too much or too often result in a decrease of the fish population. Constant removal of fish from the oceans (fishing) accounts for both adult and baby fish. With the consistent decrease in adult fish, mating becomes more difficult or even impossible, resulting in an overall lack of fish in the oceans. Pepijn Koster defines overfishing as, "Overfishing can be defined in a number of ways. However, everything comes down to one simple point: Catching too much fish for the system to support leads to an overall degradation to the system. Overfishing is a non-sustainable use of the oceans." (par.1). When fish stocks cannot be replenished faster than they are being depleted, a reduction in fish population occurs, which is what is referred to as overfishing.
C: ‘Marine parks are unneeded and cruel animals, thus need to be shut down or no more animal should be captured for their use’ (para 6).
“Summary Report for: Fish and Game Wardens”. O Net Online. 2014.Web. 4 April 2014. >.
The fish stock assessment is a scientific analysis that attempts to describe the past and current status of fish stock, and its purpose is to produce models of fish population that can be used to predict how that fish stock will behave under different fishing pressures. It is to ensure sustainable fisheries, healthy ecosystem and productive coastal communities. The fish stock assessment depends on three primary inputs: the catch, the biology, and cur...
To fish or not to fish is a personal choice. The fact that the oceans are being overfished is a growing concern for individuals, organizations, and governments throughout the world. In this paper I want to discuss the effects of overfishing on the restaurant industry, and possible solutions to solve the problem. Fishing is an ongoing source of food for people around the world. In many countries it is a food staple in their everyday diet. In more modern societies eating fish has become a sensual experience, and not just for the wealthy. It hasn't been until population explosions in the last century that the demand for seafood has led to more effective fishing techniques and technologies. Now the demand for popular fish like the salmon, tuna, sea bass, cod and hoki, which is the key fish in McDonalds filet o' fish, is diving wild populations to dangerously low levels. The methods used to catch the amount of fish demanded by the industry do not leave sustainable populations in the wild. In an attempt to preserve the fish population, governments have set limits on the minimum size that may be harvested and how many of each may be taken. Boundaries have been set up saying which areas can be fished and which ones should be left alone. A number of smaller fisheries have gone out of business because of the limits imposed by the government. This leads to even less fish being harvested and brought to market. Therefore the amount and varieties of fish at markets are smaller and can cause shortages for wholesalers and restaurants. Some restaurants will no longer have the variety on their menus that they used to enjoy. If a restaurant thrives on its seafood menu they may be unable to cope with the shortages and will go out of business. In the ...
Fishing has been used for ages for many things like food, sport, and just for amusement of the chase; because of this, many different techniques have been developed from the centuries fishing been constructed. Also fishing can be a purpose for life just like what Henry David Thoreau said “Many men go fishing all of their lives without knowing that it is not fish they are after”. Everyone has issues in their life and fishing can help with it in many forms. Over all the years love of fishing has grown and, many different types have emerged such as fly-fishing, saltwater, and freshwater fishing. Also there are many different styles of fishing to the different types from baits to the rod. Because, of the constant demand and love for fishing, salt water fishing has become a growing industry along the coast of America, and saltwater fishing provide a recreational sport for many, but it can require boat access and the correct license and fishing equipment.
During the early part of the 1900’s, the fishers in Mawelle devised elaborate rules regulating access to the fishing region and the number of nets utilized but they were not able to sustain a structured policy and rules controlling the number of nets to be used (Ostrom, 1990). With construction of new roads, an increase of population, and the increasing prices for fish by 1945, 71 nets were in use (Ostrom, 1990). With the expansive growth, the economic benefits diminished throughout Southern Sri Lanka and political corruption emerged, and policies were not enforced. Additionally, centralized government took over policy creation and enforcement that did not include local representation that had been in place since the early 1900’s (Ostrom, 1990). This solution was highly ineffective in controlling the entry of new fishers, which drove the system to a situation of virtual collapse where, at some point, more than 100 nets were being deployed at extremely low levels of productivity (Ostrom, 1990).
The rate of aquaculture production is increasing all around the world as a result of the growing demand for fish as an important food source and due to depleting the production from capture fisheries (Subramanian, Shariff, Omar, & Hair-Bejo, 2012). Given the richness in aquatic resources, the fisheries sector in Sri Lanka comprises of offshore, coastal and freshwater fisheries as well as coastal and freshwater aquaculture. It contributes around 1.7% of the total GDP and provides direct and indirect employment to over 500,000 people in coastal communities around the country. It is the main source of household income for an estimated 2.5 million individuals, equivalent to 8% of the population and plays