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Role Of Motivation On Employee Performance
The impact of motivation on employee performance
Role Of Motivation On Employee Performance
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Management Control System (MCS) is a system used in an organisation to evaluate the performance of the organisation whether it human, physical, or financial. It helps manager to assess the operational performance and have more corporate control. Managers then can use the information gathered to plan any strategies to keep the organisation on tracks with their objectives. MCS begins by specifying the organisation’s goals which what the organisation wants to achieve in the long-run, sub-goals where more focus on daily operations and objectives. By then, responsibility centres is establish where specific activities are assigned to a manager before they can develop performance measures. There are two types of performance measures which are financial and non-financial measures. Financial measures such as budgeting system has been used primarily from a very long time while non-financial information has been importance these days due to increasing in competition, rapidly changes market, and changes in consumer needs and wants. I strongly agree with the statement that organisation should never rely completely only on control system that emphasis …show more content…
Behavioural Agency Theory suggested that the motivational forced is affected by inequity aversion. Study by Adam (1965) shows that people seek balance between what they put or give in their job which include commitment, skills, and energy and what they get in return such as recognition and financial rewards. (Pepper & Gore, 2012). Those are described as input and output respectively. If agent feels that their outputs received is worth with the inputs given, then they will be happy and motivated to do their work at the same or higher level. The opposite will happen if they feel that their inputs are not fairly rewarded by their
Anthony, Robert N., and Govindarajan, Vijay. (2005) Management Control Systems. McGraw Hill Companies Inc., New York, NY (pp. 654-655)
PROBLEM : What effective management control system or systems should the Company adopt to attain maximum profitability not only of its divisions’ respective operations but that of the Company as a whole?
The theory of motivation is seen in both the negative and positive experiences. Reinforcement is an action that follows a specific behaviour, increasing the likelihood of that particular behaviour being repeated in the future (Potgieter, 2013). With regards to positive reinforcement, Thorndike’s Law of Effect proposes that one is more likely to repeat a specific behaviour when it results in something positive (eg: a reward) (Potgieter, 2013). Positive reinforcement consists of two aspects namely; intrinsic and extrinsic rewards (Potgieter, 2013). Intrinsic rewards are derived from an engaging in tasks willingly and attempt to improve their own skills whereas, extrinsic rewards are when a task is undertaken in order to attain a certain outcome (Weiten, pg 285).
According to Casey et al. (2012) motivation stimulates people to do things with the use of ‘incentives’. Intrinsically motivated behaviour is when a person performs well for his or her own sake. Whereas extrinsically motivated behaviour is when motivation arises from necessities for security, job and pay (Casey et al, 2012). According to Petroni, A, & Colacino, P (2008), there are thre...
The system was augmented with Management by Objectives (MBO) and Operational Performance Measurement Systems
People spend an extensive part of their lives at work, so it is not astonishing that they expect to be rewarded and fulfilled with the job that they do. Motivation is concerned with why people do things as well as what drives them to act in a particular way. Understanding what motivates an individual is important in a workplace. Motivated employees are happier at work. They get more satisfaction from their work, they are absent less frequently, and work with more enthusiasm. This encourages them to contribute more, hence increasing the productivity in the organization. Unmotivated workers will not be as contented with their position in the work environment as motivated workers. The job might not be as important for them which may lead to a poor performance, which will lead to less efficiency and hence to poor productivity.
Controlling in management is a function of management that is concerned with making sure that all other functions of the management are put in place and operated effectively. Controlling ensures that it has taken into consideration the monitoring of the output of the employees as well as the establishing standards of performance that will guarantee that the performance of the will always meets the set standards (Spellman,
One reason that the reward/punishment model does not always explain human behavior well is that one person’s reward may be another person’s punishment. “Expectancy theory gives us a partial answer to this question in that it suggests that people are motivated to do things that they expect they can do and when they can expect to receive a reward that they value, but are not motivated if they do not value the reward.” (Clawson 8) So in other words, employees will be motivated to perform their best if they think it will receive reward like a bonus, salary increase, or promotion. (Robbins 224) Managers should not be managing people but rather the inputs and outputs to people, making sure that the desirable outputs were being rewarded and the undesirable outputs were being ignored or punished.
It also involves the measuring of accomplishments against the standards and correction of deviation that in turn assures the objectives of the organization are met. Basically, controlling is dictated by three steps; establishing standards, comparing the actual performance against standards and taking sensible measure to correct a situation when necessary. The standards of performance are always stated in monetary terms such as costs, revenue or profits (Mintzberg, 2013). But, sometimes the standards may be quoted in terms such as the units produced, the level of quality or the number of defective products. An effective controlling usually requires a plan that is well laid out this is because it does provide the necessary performance standards or objectives. A clear understanding of where an individual’s responsibility for deviations from standards lies is also required in controlling. Controlling involves two key aspects; traditional control techniques and the performance audits. The two are concerned with the examination and verification of records and supporting documents while audit does provide the position of the organization with regard to what was planned and or budgeted for.
Mr. McGregor theorizes that management views an employee’s motivation toward work in two distinct ways—Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X managers believe the following: (1) The average worker naturally does not like work and will avoid it whenever possible. (2) Managers must always control, motivate, and direct their employees to perform well. (3) Most workers prefer being directed, avoid responsibility, and seek job security. On the other hand, Theory Y managers assume the following: (1) Employees enjoy working. (2) Managers do not need to control and punish workers to accomplish organizational goals. (3) Workers will be committed to an organization if their work is satisfying. (4) Managers should “…arrange organizational conditions and methods of operation so that people can achieve their own goals best by directing their own efforts toward organizational objectives'; (Kolb, et al., 1995, p. 62).
Daniel Pink (…) believes that certain incentives only work if the nature of the task is equivalent. For instance, some kind of incentives won’t work in case the task requires creativity (Entrepreneur Launch Pad, 2013). Dan Ariely and Sam Glucksberg argue that tasks that require creativity, autonomy, and speed, should not solely focus on a higher pay, but also on autonomy, desire to improve as well as desire to do something that is important, which can be classified as intangible incentives.
Effective control process in an organization would help in gathering information about the process and the employees, this can further help the management whilst taking important decisions in terms of establishing standards to meet standards, measuring the actual performance, as well as comparing performance with the standards. It can further help the companies in achieving their optimum goals so that they can take corrective actions as and when required. The process controls in place and guide and provide the company with the required regulations of the company’s activities. Which can lead to the performance of the company, hence it will also help the organization in terms of monitoring and responding.
Controlling is the fourth management function and its purpose is straightforward- to make sure that actual performance meets or surpasses objectives. It is well used for decision making and problem solving. Effective control depends on other management functions and it gives feedback to them. These functions are planning, organizing and leading. Planning sets directions and allocates resources. Organizing puts people and material resources together in working combinations. Leading motivates people to use these resources in the best way. Basically, the function of controlling is to make sure that the right things happen in a right time and in the right way.Control helps that overall directions of individuals and groups are consistent with short-range and long-range organizational plans. Also, it helps to ensure that objectives and accomplishments are coherent with one another throughout an organization. Moreover, it helps maintaining fulfillment with essential organizational rules and policies. Good example where we can see role of control is in helping to protect individual rights to become equivalent with employment opportunities at work. The control process practiced by managers includes four steps: 1) establish objectives and standards 2) measure actual performance 3) compare results with objectives and standards and 4) take actions if necessary1. The controlling process starts with establishing performance objectives and standards which means that the controlling process begins with planning. Performance objectives should be defined and associated with specific measurement standards for determining how well they are accomplished. Standards are the targets of performance. The next step of the control process would be measur...
I was formerly employed by a supplier of automobile parts where in addition to using compensation as a means of motivation; they too were dedicated in ensuring their employees had maximum job satisfaction. This was achieved by giving autonomy in their job functions and assigning significa...
This report examines the Control Process applied by different companies, they use the control process to make sure that, the whole departments are working as better they can, the control process improve better benefits to the company, work place, employees, customer and directors. The control process is to maximizing productivity and minimizing costs to achieve their goals. The finding in this report is based on books and Internet sources. This report recommends that, the control process is the process to achieve the goals and also to planning the future.