Orthographic mapping Does it make sense? The research I am writing about from the six articles I read and the information I learned, informed me of a massive amount of knowledge that can be utilized from the orthographic mapping reading process, in ways that I cannot fully explained here because of the on going research in this area. Nevertheless, I can refer to the research that, mutually, runs side by side in all of the articles, which I feel size up an important technique that will undoubtedly be a helpful teaching mechanism for all teachers with weak reading skill students. Early prevention of reading difficulties Preventing reading difficulties needs to be caught and identified in the earliest stages of a child’s development. ‘Research over the last two decades has demonstrated that most reading difficulties can be corrected,” (Kilpatrick 2011) According to the research it seems that reading difficulties can be diagnosed and a plan of intervention established early in a child’s education. The teaching establishment just needs to realize this and come to grips with a plan and practice to implement. According to a study by Vellutino, (1996) he conducted a study in which first grade students had an intensive intervention program and the results turned out to be very good about 68% benefited from the intervention and continued to do so a year after. One of the inventions focuses on site recognition where students can recognize a pool of words instantly. This was further explained in an article by Linnea Ehri (Learning to read words: Theory, Findings, and Issues). Here there was research done because educators where looking for evidence to make decisions on reading instructions for their students. Ehri conducted studie... ... middle of paper ... ...become aware of this or at least keep an eye out for any problem which start to show up in the early stage of learning to read. I don’t know if Orthographic mapping will be able to be overcome by intervention. But, Reading disabilities by all the research I have read so far needs to be a start on battling this handicap with some of our children. According to professor Kilpatrick and his article on Orthographic learning he had said that “Research has demonstrated that we can prevent or correct most reading difficulties (Kilpatrick 2011). Now our educators need to pick up on this and use any and all techniques available to them to utilize in their teachings of learning to read for our children. Perhaps they need to start off by reading the article by professor Kilpatrick and to understand the necessity of using all available research in their classrooms.
In this time, it has become highly regarded by many teachers and administrators. The program uses a site word approach to teach emergent reading skills. The program uses a carefully sequenced, highly repetitive word recognition method combined with errorless learning. This approach eliminates incorrect responses and helps students view themselves as readers. The Edmark Reading Program ensures success to students of all ages who have not yet mastered beginning reading. This program is recommended for students with developmental disabilities or Autism, students with learning disabilities, Title 1 students, ESL students, preschool and kindergarten students who lack vocabulary development and non-readers who struggle with phonics. The programs
Reading Methods and Learning Disabilities. (1998, April). Learning Disabilities Association Newsbrief, 38(4). Retrieved December 18, 2013
The Early Literacy Skills Builder is for elementary-aged students with moderate and severe cognitive disabilities who have not acquired print and phonemic awareness. In the Early Literacy Skills Builder (ELSB) all responses have been developed for either verbal responding or nonverbal responding. Nonverbal students may use assistive technology, pointing, or eye gazing to make target responses. Guidelines are offered for promoting active student participation in reading (e.g., saying a repeated story line) and understanding the story. Students who complete the ELSB are ready for instruction in a beginning reading
These DIBELS screening assessments were developed to help educators identify struggling, at-risk readers, so that appropriate types and levels of support can be implemented within the school system. They were designed to support efforts at the primary grade levels (K-6th) to prevent reading struggles as the learn progress through the school system. Furthermore, this test was to aid in the elimination in remediation lessons inside of the classroom.
Six principles for early reading instruction by Bonnie Grossen will be strongly enforced. It includes Phonemic awareness, each letter-Phonemic relationship explicitly, high regular letter-sound relationship systematically, showing exactly how to sound out words, connected decodable text to practice the letter phonemic relationships and using interesting stories to develop language comprehension. Double deficit hypothesis which focuses on phonological awareness and rapid naming speed.
Torgesen (1998) claims that the top reasons students have difficulties with reading is because they have issues correlating letters and sounds in words, or phonological awareness. Many students also have trouble memorizing sight words and many also have an
The student must also focus on self- monitoring their reading. The student often substitutes words that look like each other and have the same beginning sound, but the word usually does not fit the sentence. The student’s errors are mostly visual and some syntax. It seems like the student has a problem with nouns, often getting names of people and things wrong. The strategies I will provide for this student is teaching the student how to make sense of what he has read. Providing phonetic exercises will help the student decode, pronounce, and even be able to spell new words. The student needs to ask himself and check to see if the sentence sounds and looks right. I will also teach the student to slow down and use pictures to guide his reading. Using pictures will allow him to make sense of words that are nouns. As he reads me a story and substitutes a word, I will stop him and ask him does the sentence make any sense. Then, I will advise him to use the picture, try to make sense of it and reread the sentence. Overall, the student struggles mostly with visual in reading. If the student practices the processes of decoding and blending words routinely his brain will form subconscious letter patterns and sounds in each word. Although, practice will allow him to subconsciously develop the skills necessary to solve his reading struggle, I will encourage self-monitoring, therefore, he is still aware of his mistakes that way he makes it a habit while reading to constantly ask himself does this make
One strategy that I recommend for reading interventions in the school setting is partner reading. During partner reading, students read together and take turns reading the text so that one student reads and the other follows and vice versa. The teacher could pair the struggling reader with a high-level reader which will benefit the struggling reader as they follow the high-level reader. Another strategy that I recommend for the school setting is called listening centers. During listening centers, the reader will read along to a text at their instructional level while the text is being read aloud to them by the teacher or a tape. Both of those strategies will model reading to the struggling reader and help them improve their fluency and reading skills (Tompkins, 2014). Furthermore, working on the child’s reading abilities is crucial in the home setting in order to encourage reading outside of school. A reading strategy that parents could use is read aloud. Parents could read aloud to their children every night in order to model fluency. In the case the parents are busy or unable to read to the child daily, they could simply use audiobooks application such as Audible that is available in most mobile devices that will read books aloud to the
The common learning disability in reading is called dyslexia. Reading problems occur in a student when they have difficulty unders...
Rasinski (1999) states that one of the most effective ways to assess a learner’s reading abili...
...ding Panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction(NIH Publication No. 00-4769). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Reading and writing is a key part of everyone’s life. There has been some encouraging levels of reading development in primary school assessments. According to the National Assessment Program Literacy and Numeracy report (2015), 95.5% of students achieve at or above the national minimum standard of reading. It is important to know effective ways to teach reading so children can become active problem solvers to enable them to read for meaning or for fun. Over the years, there has been a big amount of research into the most effective ways to teach reading skills to students. There are some systematically taught key skills and strategies that help achieve these levels of reading. Some of these skills include phonological awareness, phonemic awareness,
Reading is an essential skill that needs to be addressed when dealing with students with disabilities. Reading is a skill that will be used for a student’s entire life. Therefore, it needs to be an important skill that is learned and used proficiently in order for a student to succeed in the real world. There are many techniques that educators can use to help improve a student’s reading comprehension. One of these skills that needs to be directly and explicitly taught is learning how to read fluently for comprehension. “To comprehend texts, the reader must be a fluent decoder and not a laborious, word-by-word reader” (Kameenui, 252). Comprehension can be difficult for students with learning disabilities because they tend to be the students that are reading below grade level. One strategy is to incorporate the student’s background knowledge into a lesson. This may require a bit of work, but it will help the students relate with the information being pres...
Subvocalization (silently vocalizing words), vocalization (actually reading words out loud), poor eye movement, and poor vision span are the major hindrances to speed reading (Cutler, 2002). While there are other weaknesses, these are primary hindrances for speed readers. These can be overcome with work, but they must be overcome before serious progress can be made. One of the drills that can help readers both overcome subvocalizati...
readers: A perspective for research and intervention ―[Electronic version]. Scientific Studies of Reading, 11(4), 289-312.