The beginnings of the exploration of outer space did not include women as being part of the plan. Like many fields of work in the history of the United States, women had to break down barriers and push their way into the space program. Makers: Women in Space, highlights the origins of women making their debut at NASA, and how women have become some of the most influential astronauts and scientists in American history. This film is ultimately a great resource that argues the case that women are as competent as astronauts as men are, because it outlines women’s role in the history of space and because it shows the success women had upon being allowed to enter the field. Firstly, Makers: Women in Space shows that women are However, as the years progressed, women became more eager to collaborate with NASA and become a part of the space program that was revolutionizing America. Women were able to start out working for NASA in the computer department or as engineers; however, this was not enough for them. They wanted to be the actual astronauts, rather than work behind the scenes, figuring out the logistics for the astronauts. The problem was that President Eisenhower mandated that any astronaut had to firstly be a military pilot, and women were not allowed to be pilots, therefore making their goal impossible to achieve (Makers: Women in Space). But, as the film shows, women did not take no for an answer, and proceeded to take their case to Congress. As NASA further developed the space program, women were beginning to be considered due to the growing movement created to plead their case. Essentially, the original reason women were thought of as potential candidates was because they were smaller in size and, according to preliminary tests, performed better in space-like simulators. Early results showed that women were able to stay in isolation longer than men, because they did not need full awareness of all their senses to function (Makers: Several testimonies from some of the first female astronauts are showcased. One of these women, Shannon Lucid, explains in her interview the excitement that surrounded being chosen, by describing how she was discouraged as a child and was told that “[she would] never be able to do anything because [she was] a girl” (Makers: Women in Space). This quotation clearly shows how phenomenal it is that after years of trying, women were finally allowed to be astronauts, and they would soon be able to prove how successful they could be. Besides Lucid, another influential female astronaut, Sally Ride, who was the first woman in space, also speaks in the film saying how she knew she needed to perform perfectly in space because she would set the precedent as to if women were able to succeed in space (Makers: Women in Space). She, of course, did well, and proved to the world that women were just as capable of being in space as men were. Finally, the last notable female astronaut discussed is Eileen Collins, who had an extensive career. Her list of achievements contains being the first female pilot and commander for NASA (Makers: Women in Space). By bringing up these women that often do not get recognition, this film is able to show that the world’s preliminary concerns that women would not be capable of
...roblems of integration. If the science world takes advantage of undiscovered female talent, science as a whole will benefit greatly. For example, the original group of ENIAC programmers consisted of 6 women. In 1946, these women helped to develop the first operating stored-program computer.6 If female talent such as this goes to waste because of social neglect, the science world will never know what possible discoveries that could have been made with the help of women. If Dr. Djerassi is accurate with his examples of discrimination, the science world should take note of these problems and attempt to solve them.
The women in the book seem to take up important and powerful roles that make significant change in the key areas of the narrative. The writer asserts that women can be independent, intelligent, assertive, and similar to the men, women can survive in the street by being smart. This is illuminated by the fact that a majority of women in the book are good hackers. The skills and character of the women help in discovering the cure for the virus. They are given roles that are not traditional and instead they take on leadership positions that are a great determinant of the success of the mission. This is unlike the notion in most scientific novels that leaves out women. This is portrayed by one of the major characters Y.T who worked hand in hand with the protagonist of the novel to bring out different skills and talents of women. In the book, we see Y.T talk on behalf of his partner, which shows stereotyping of gender in leadership. “Y.T. has to step in on his behalf. “Okay, “she says. “Speaking for my partner and myself, we 'll stay away from him” (Stephenson,
People have always been divided or classified into two simple categories, male or female. Many of them may have heard at some point in their lives the ongoing discussion of feminism, but not all have taken a deep look at what has been done and has happened for everybody to have reached such level that women like men are viewed in most and many ways equal. Amelia Earhart was a person that changed and proved the ability, responsibility, and equality of women. Amelia Earhart's expedition across the Atlantic Ocean affected many women's lives because it allowed her to keep doing what she had always desired, she became a role model for other women, and she changed society's perspective of women.
The Sally Ride Science program is based in San Diego, California and is also partnered with the University of California at San Diego. Well after Ride’s passing, this company has thrived to help encourage and educate the generation of tomorrow. The Sally Ride Science website states that, “The goal is to help educators build students’ STEM literacy and make connections between what students are learning and the STEM fields that are expected to experience rapid job growth in the coming decades” (Sally Ride Science). In addition to the main program, the Sally Ride Science Junior Academy was launched in 2016 to help middle and high school students participate in STEAM organizations and activities throughout the San Diego area. Sally Ride’s influence not only helped to benefitted these student, but she helped to break down a barrier for women everywhere. In a USA Today article written by Mary Marklein, “Since her historic mission, 55 women have flown in space with NASA” (Marklein). Thanks to Ride making history as the first woman to lift off into space, she opened the door many other women to do the same. Not only that, but she set the standard for future generations of female teachers, physicists and
The first American woman in space, Sally Ride, paved the way for many women with aspirations in the field of science. She made great strides in the women’s movement. The women’s movement was a way for women to obtain equal rights. There were three aspects behind the women’s movement: suffrage, the glass ceiling, and feminism. Suffrage is obtaining the right that everyone in America should be granted, the right to vote. The glass ceiling is the idea of women getting equal rights at work. All women should get the position and pay that they deserve, not a position and pay based on their gender. Feminism is the way to legally protect women from men abusing them. Sally Ride created huge strides in proving what women could do. She is an inspiration for young girls to achieve their goals no matter what it takes.
Many people in history have encouraged people today to do many different things. One that encourages women more than anything is Amelia Earhart. Amelia Earhart broke many records in flying, first woman to ride across the Atlantic, first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic, first woman to fly from Hawaii to California, first woman to fly across America, and many more. She showed people that if you put your mind up to something, you can do anything. No matter how scary something sounded, Amelia was up for the task. Amelia knew that flying was considered very dangerous for women, but she wasn’t going to let that stop her. If she wanted to fly, she would fly.
To get the answer to her question, she began to survey women of Smith College. Her findings lead to the writing of her first book, The Feminine Mystique. The book uses other women’s personal experiences along with her own experiences to describes the idea behind being a feminist. “At every step of the way, the feminists had to fight the conception that they were violating the God-given nature of woman… The image of the feminists as inhuman, fiery man-eater, whether expressed as an offense against God or in the modern terms of sexual perversion, is not unlike the stereotype of the Negro as a primitive animal or the union member as an anarchist” (86-87). That image of women that has been created by society and the same idea applies to race and how it is something that is so prone to society about things no one can change. Feminists were the ones who were able to fight for their rights even though some may believe that isn't what women are made to be but Betty Friedan did, which motivated her to fight for women’s rights in the second wave feminist movement. She was able to accomplish helping more women fight for their rights and set the ground for the women fighting
In 1920, the “Nineteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution” was passed. The women had fought a long battle for women suffrage and eventually won the right to vote. The first feminist movement also introduced the “Equal Rights Movement” which focused on bringing "Equality of rights under the law shall not be abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." (Equal Rights Amendment) Which meant, men and women were equal under the law. They had the right to leave and be entitled to half of the family belongings. Women could also not get married and still be able to make money, since they could now work. Although jobs for females were limited. “Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.” (The universal declaration of human rights) yet during this time, discrimination was still commonly out there. They couldn’t just end female inequality, men were too stubborn to end the battle. It would be a long journey, no matter how many laws they
Lind, Michael. "Why We Should Embrace the End of Human Spaceflight."Salon.com. N.p.: n.p., 2011. N. pag. Rpt. in NASA. Ed. Margaret Haerens. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 21 Mar. 2014.
University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4,000 Years of Women in Science. Dec. 2002 2 Nov. 2003 http://crux.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/newintro.html.
It is within man’s blood and nature to explore, and space is our next New World. Man’s first achievement in space travel was the launch of the Sputnik on October 4, 1957. For the next decades, space travel was roaring like a rocket, fueled by man’s desire to explore, man’s desire for knowledge, and man’s desire to beat his enemies. However, these impulses have died out as the well of government funding has been diverted to wars and debts, and the interest of the American people has been diverted to wars and debts. Amidst all these issues it is debated as to whether or not space travel is worth the money and the attention of scientists, particularly since humanity faces so many issues on earth currently. However, because of the past inventions, current services, and future benefits, space travel is indeed worth the money and attention of governments and people. It is within our hands to control man’s advancement, and space travel is the next venue to do so.
With all the new acts being passed women were able to go to school and work, and women pursued these new opportunities. There was a rising rate of women enrolling in colleges. Females surpassed the number of men applying (The Role of Women in the 70 's - Exploring the Seventies). Thousands of women were going to college and participating highly in clubs and sometimes sports. Not only were women participating in schooling, women started to hold positions in Congress. Three percent of our congressional representatives were women by the 1970s. There were many newspaper job ads created that were calling for the help of women, thus promoting more women to enter the workforce. Along with these changes there was more personal strengths created in the home. Husbands were getting regularly involved with family meals and housework, thus creating more financial and emotional strength in families (Eisenberg). In the late 70’s females were not only participating in college for their education but they were also obtain financial ground stating the employer 's can not discrimination against pregnant women (The 1960s-70s American Feminist Movement: Breaking Down Barriers for
When most people think of the Scientific Revolution, they think of scientists such as Galileo, Newton, Brahe, and Boyle. However, many people do not even know about the many women who played a vital role in the scientific advancements of this period. Even when these women were alive, most of society either ignored them or publicly disapproved their unladylike behavior. Because of this, these women were often forgotten from history, and very little is known about the majority of them. Although their names rarely appear in history books, the female scientists of the Scientific Revolution still impacted the world of science in several ways. In fact, all of the scientists listed above had a woman playing an influential role assisting them in their research. However, assisting men in their studies was not the only role open to women; several women performed experimentation and research on their own, or advancing science in some other way, even though the society of the time looked down upon and even resisted their studies.
“The Space Race”. Newseum: From the Earth to the Moon. Stories of the Century. 9 March 2010.
Women have made progress in the film industry in terms of the type of role they play in action films, although they are still portrayed as sex objects. The beginning of “a new type of female character” (Hirschman, 1993, pg. 1). 41-47) in the world of action films began in 1976 with Sigourney Weaver, who played the leading role in the blockbuster film ‘Aliens’ as Lt. Ellen Ripley. She was the captain of her own spaceship, plus she was the one who gave out all the orders. Until then, men had always been the ones giving the orders; to see a woman in that type of role was outlandish.