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Gender and race a social construct
Race and gender currere essay
Race and gender currere essay
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The documentary, Makers: Women in Space, portrays the history of women pioneers in the U.S space program. When the space program first came to be in the 1950s, women had to overcome many obstacles in order to prove to NASA and society that they are capable of doing anything, especially within the space program. The documentary goes in depth into the problems, struggles, and perseverance of these women astronauts.
Today, it is very common to have a variety of people become astronauts and work for NASA. Although, back in the late 1950s it was a struggle for many to be accepted into the space program, especially women. When women were first working in the space program, they were simply computer technicians, engineers, or secretaries.
Still being a long process, things began to shift in the late 1960s when the first man was to land on the moon. He managed to get back to Earth thanks to a female systems engineer, Poppy Northcutt, who established equations on how to get astronauts from the moon back to Earth. She was the first women in the NASA staff room and the only to help all throughout Apollo. During the 1970s, NASA finally reached it’s peak in including women because other corporations and companies began opening things up to women due to the impacts of women movements, political pressure, and the fear of possible lawsuits. Also, advanced technology made space orbit a better, safer routine. Therefore, women and minorities were finally wanted by NASA. In fact, Michelle Nichols, an African American woman, became the face of NASA in order to bring in women and minorities. Then in 1973 with a team of 35 astronauts about to go into space, 6 of them were women. This was a huge milestone for women in society, but the press seemed to ask questions about the women’s families and responsibilities at home. They never wanted to ask them about their job, what NASA was doing, and their accomplishments. Finally, after years of training, in 1982 Sally Ride became the first American woman to fly into space. She couldn’t believe all of the hype and press she was receiving because she quotes, “women in this country can do any
The role of American women has changed significantly from the time the nation was born, to the modern era of the 1950s and 1960s. Many people, "... believed that women's talent and energies ... would be put to the better [use] in the new republic." (Clinton 3) Clearly showing that society has seen the importance of the women's talents and that their skills can be very useful, exploited this and thus, the change of the women's role was inevitable. Society has understood that the roles of women played an important role on all parts of life.
McQuaid, Kim. The Space Age at the Grass Roots: NASA in Cleveland, 1958-1990. (2006): 114, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40643956 (accessed April 18, 2014).
A stride in the right direction came to be when the Civil Rights Act was put into order. The Civil Rights Act made discrimination of different kinds illegal (for example sexual discrimination was outlawed). The passing of the act, set forward different social trends. Being that women were expected to be either homemakers or be in fields considered womanly, with the new changes came strides to go into different fields. Major occupational changes occurred across various fields. In the airline industry, women had strict rules that they needed to abide by to be able to work. Rules such as they needed to be married or they had to avoid becoming pregnant etc. After the Civil Rights Act was passed, those “rules” dissipated. Reducing gender inequalities can grant both sexes with new opportunities. Also it can chip away from instilled preconceived notions, sexes have for one
In more recent history women have fought against only being able to serve in general nursing/doctor and desk jobs to have the same opportunity in military as men have. They are now able to serve in all combat roles through all the branches of military. An article in the New York Times reads, “Women have long said that by not recognizing their real service, the military has unfairly held them back.” (Rosenberg & Phillips). Women are also fighting against accepting unequal pay for the same work that men do. On average women earn eighty cents for every one dollar a man earns. (Siniscalo, Damrell, and Nabity) This is a very big step towards gender equality in the workplace because, when the Equal Pay Act (EPA) was established in 1963 women earned around fifty-nine cents to the males one dollar. Still the females are undermined compared to males but progress is being
The Sally Ride Science program is based in San Diego, California and is also partnered with the University of California at San Diego. Well after Ride’s passing, this company has thrived to help encourage and educate the generation of tomorrow. The Sally Ride Science website states that, “The goal is to help educators build students’ STEM literacy and make connections between what students are learning and the STEM fields that are expected to experience rapid job growth in the coming decades” (Sally Ride Science). In addition to the main program, the Sally Ride Science Junior Academy was launched in 2016 to help middle and high school students participate in STEAM organizations and activities throughout the San Diego area. Sally Ride’s influence not only helped to benefitted these student, but she helped to break down a barrier for women everywhere. In a USA Today article written by Mary Marklein, “Since her historic mission, 55 women have flown in space with NASA” (Marklein). Thanks to Ride making history as the first woman to lift off into space, she opened the door many other women to do the same. Not only that, but she set the standard for future generations of female teachers, physicists and
Reinhold, Robert. "Behind Each Astronaut Stand The 'Other' Women of NASA." New York Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
In 1986, the Challenger crew met at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for countdown training. The crew of this shuttle included two civilians and five astronaut members: “Teacher-in-Space” payload specialist Christa McAuliffe; payload specialist Gregory Jarvis; and astronauts Judith A. Resnik, mission specialist; Dick Scobee, mission commander; Ronald E. McNair, mi...
The Scientific Revolution marked a major shift in Western thought between the 1500s and 1700s. Modern science emerged as a way of gaining true knowledge about the natural world. During the time, science was a field dominated by men. Women were believed to be incapable of anything outside their domestic sphere. There was a social stigma regarding women in science. Society had varying reactions toward women working in the sciences, the majority of which were negative. However, some were accepting of women and their contributions to science. The Scientific Revolution had little impact on the way society viewed women. Women continued to be subject to restrictive gender roles.
In Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek: Voyager we finally see females taking front stage for the first time, unlike the previous series, turning the tables on all other traditional male dominated television shows. Voyager as a whole can be used as a template for writers and producers to follow as the correct way to portray women. In doing so we would begin to change the way young women see these positive role models and strive for higher goals, in turn setting into motion the goals Gene Roddenberry envisioned back in 1966.
According to the article “It’s a Man’s World”, many fields are still male-dominated even though women have slowly started entering them. Historically women have been time and again been denied to enter certain occupations based on gender. Women still face many of the same challenges addressed in working in a male-dominated career. Earning the respect of their male colleagues, obtaining the same promotions and balancing work and home life appear to remain at the forefront of issues still in need of being addressed.
Clare Booth Luce, a woman who broke the gender barrier herself as the first abroad female ambassador, once said “Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, "She doesn 't have what it takes." They will say, "Women don 't have what it takes"”. As a country, the United States of America has come leaps and bounds from where it began with women’s rights. Women were not allowed to vote, and now we have women running for president. But, women are still not always treated as equally as men. Women still cannot hold certain positions in the military, or even wear what they want without being told it is too risqué. Gender inequality is still astronomically prevalent in today 's society and can be seen throughout mass media, career opportunities, and in
Harris, Philip R. Living and Working in Space: Human Behavior, Culture and Organization. New York: Ellis Horwood Limited, 1992.
“The Space Race”. Newseum: From the Earth to the Moon. Stories of the Century. 9 March 2010.
The roles of women changed drastically between 1950’s and 1970’s due to the political, economic, and social issues, but women’s lives also stayed close to the way they had always been. The lives of women changed in a plethora of ways throughout the years. “We believe that women can achieve such equality only by accepting to full the challenges and responsibilities they share with all other people in our society, as part of the decision-making mainstream of American political, economic, and social life” (Statement of Purpose, 1966).
Michael Collins once proclaimed that, “It’s human nature to stretch, to go, to see, to understand. Exploration is not a choice really; it’s an imperative.” People have always been fascinated by space exploration and it was during the 1950’s that the “race to space” took off. Both Russia and the United States wanted to be the first to travel into space and the first ones to land on the moon. Today, nations are still active in space exploration. This includes NASA (the U.S.), the Russian Federal Space Agency, CNSA (China), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), ISA (Italy), ROSA (Romania), and the Soviet Union. Now, some may argue that the United State’s space program has slowed down or even stopped having interest in space. However, there is a great deal of evidence that shows that NASA is still very much interested in space.