Introduction Major General Edward Braddock was born in 1695 in Perthshire, Scotland. Braddock’s father, also named Major General Edward Braddock, formerly commanded the British during the War of the Spanish Succession. Following in the path of his father, young Braddock was also appointed Major General in 1754, while serving in the British Army. One year later, General Braddock got his first look at North America at the age of sixty. “Short in stature and of ample girth”, arguably too old for the task of expanding King George’s North American borders, General Braddock embarked on his mission to oust the French from the Ohio Country. History In the summer of 1754 Virginia’s Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie had a feeling of panic due to the disarray of Great Britain’s North American Frontier. News spread from the Ohio country that George Washington’s mission to the forks of the Ohio River had ended in a humiliating defeat. On 4 July 1754, Washington surrendered the Fort Necessity, about fifty miles south of Fort Duquesne, to French forces and retreated east to the Potomac. After the loss of Fort Necessity, the French were in control of the Ohio country and even the Iroquois Indians sent messengers to mend relations with them. Prime Minister Thomas Pelham-Holles, the duke of New Castle, stated that “all of North America will be lost” unless the English countered what the French had claimed. Major General Edward Braddock would then be chosen for the task. At the age of sixty, he desperately needed a job and General Braddock “was not one to allow tact to interfere with results”. There were to be four simultaneous attacks on the French frontier. Given the communication and transportation networks of the time, “simult... ... middle of paper ... ...by passing over it. The intention was to keep the Indians from digging up and mutilating the body. One report had the French losses at twenty-eight killed and about the same number wounded, while the Indian losses were eleven killed and twenty-nine wounded. As for the exhausted British the next two days were a new kind of hell. Men too seriously wounded to walk were left for dead as their comrades stumbled down the road without food or water. Once the survivors reunited with the Colonel Dunbar’s troops, the British force still numbered two thousand, with more than thirteen hundred men still able to fight. This would have been a strength great enough to renew the campaign to take Fort Duquesne but Dunbar was demoralized and afraid. Colonel Dunbar ordered the destruction of supplies, mortars and ammunition and marched toward Philadelphia as fast as possible.
The beginning of 1763 marked one of the major events that would contribute to the end of British colonial relations. On February 3, 1763 the French and Indian War finally ended in British victory, but while the British celebrated the French’s defeat, colonists feared the oncoming reverberations the war would have on them. The main motive behind the war was for possession over the French fur trade territory in North America. To the colonists, the war was being fought by and for Britain not the colonies. The benefits of the victory only pertained to Britain. The after effect of the war for the colonies was the trampling on their need for expansion. During the war, Native Americans had fought with the French because of how well they treated them. Britain was notorious for abusing the Native Americans, therefore once the French were defeated; they began attacking western settlements of colonists. To avoid confrontation, the Proclamation of 1763 was passed by Parliament. The Proclamation established a limit to the greatly needed colonial expansion. Specifically, the Proclamation forbid settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The passing of the Proclamation of 1763 infuriated colonists ...
Admiral Stark clearly presents true concern for the fall of the British by asserting anticipated losses to critical resources in the western hemisphere would threaten the United States. An example is the anticipated loss of countries in the region, such as Latin America and its natural resources. Our national interests may
It could be said that if Howe and the British continued the attack, this rebellion could have been put down right away. This will not be the first time that Howe fails to do this, and it will lead to him being replaced later in the war by Sir Henry Clinton. Even though his army was thoroughly defeated, Washington is able to get his troops off of Long Island back to Manhattan in the middle of the night, this will also not be the last time that Washington is able to get his &n The author briefly discusses the troubles at Kip’s Bay and Fort Washington. The next subject that Buchanan goes into is Washington’s retreat through the state of New Jersey. The key part of this retreat is when Washington crosses the Potomac River he collects all boats from both shores of the river.
In 1858, warriors from the Spokane, Palouse, and Coeur d’Alene tribes routed an expeditionary force commanded by Colonel Edward Steptoe. The running battle resulted in seven soldiers dead, two soldiers missing, two howitzer cannons buried, the complete loss of the pack train, and three interpreters killed. Colonel Steptoe and his command escaped in the middle of the night nearly out of ammunition and in desperate condition. The mounted infantry known as Dragoons rode through the next day covering approximately seventy miles to the relative safety of the Snake River.
He surrendered and was allowed to return to Virginia. This foolish mistake made by Washington started the French and Indian War. This was one of the few mistakes George Washington made during his military career. Washington knew the Ohio Valley well because he was hired by the wealthy Fairfax family, as a land surveyor. This knowledge was valuable to General Braddock, because he was unfamiliar with the American territory.
In the summer of 1775, The Americans prepared to attack the British in Boston. But Washington was informed that they were shorthanded on gunpowder. The Americans had fewer than 10,000 pounds, roughly nine rounds per man. The situation was not expected to improve soon. During the night of March 4th, 1776 in Boston. Washington pulled the unthinkable and surprised the British by placing his army up the undefended Dorchester Heights. The British had ships anchored in the Boston Harbor, which were within range of American cannons. The British army woke up the next morning and was amazed to see how much hard work took place that night by the American army. Since the British army was surrounded they had no ot...
Clark, during the 1770’s, was helping Kentucky defend itself from Native Americans. At the time, Clark was transporting gunpowder to the frontier between the Americans and the British. The Native Americans, who lived in the Northwest, disliked the Americans in the Northwest and their claim on Kentucky and with the British backing, waged war with the Americans. Clark was now in charge of defending the settlements and was promoted to major. Clark then made plans in taking British held forts in the region and persuaded Governor Patrick Henry to support him in capturing the forts. Clark had won the support of Patrick Henry, was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and was given command of the mission (“George Clark” 1). With the command of the mission, Clark had lead 175 men who traveled to Fort Kaskaskia, Illinois in six days. The fort was almost defenseless and was easily taken with Clark’s force. Clark had sent Captain Leonard Helm to capture Fort Sackville, after learning that the fort was undefended from American spies. Leonard Helm had then captured the fort, but was taken back by Henry Hamilton shortly after. Henry Hamilton, the famous British “Hair Buyer”, used militia and Native Americans to take Fort Sackville. In the winter, Clark lead a force of 170 men ...
Borneman, Walter. The French and Indian War: Deciding the Fate of North America. New York: Harper Perennial, 2006.
Many suspect that they were with Washington only to maximize the hate on both sides of the battle. They went against Washington’s orders to not be the aggressors. Soon large units of British and American soldiers were sent to settle what should have been small battles. The French however were prepared to fight back and even had the Indians as allies to help with upcoming battles. In July, Braddock’s army which consisted of over 2000 British soldiers rode west with George Washington and came upon 250 plus French soldiers with over 600 Indians allies. Nearly 1000 British were killed, unlike George Washington who was unhurt during the battle was soon promoted to commander of the Virginia army for his bravery. (Roark 146)
The colours of France were raised on the British ships as they passed through the dangerous point. When the pilots rowed out to help guide the ships, they were captured. These men were given the choice of helping the British or being hung.
General Gage considered his force too small to effectively attack the Rebels and hold the countryside outside of Boston. At the same time he became concerned that the surrounding heights of Dorchester and Charlestown provided an excellent opportunity for Rebels to place cannon ...
The two sides come to an agreement, Britain surrenders to France, and they are lead towards the Atlantic Ocean so that the British can be returned to England, “with pride”. On the route there they are ambushed by a very large band of Indians...
... many French commanders not even knowing where their own subordinate units were located.11 The French placed their defense in old, outdated tactics of static warfare. Gone were the days of two sides slugging it out against prepared reinforced defense structures. Closely integrating concentrated armor, infantry, and closely supported by aviation assets all combined to crush France in a matter of only six weeks. France was simply not prepared for this new age of warfare.
Of the estimated 600 to 700 Pequot people, only seven survived to be taken prisoner, while another seven escaped to the woods. Many of the tribes recruited to fight against the Pequot were so horrified by the actions of the English in the manner in which the chose to murder the members of the Pequot tribe made many of those tribes to end their participation in the war and return home. The English believing that their mission was a complete success left for home when they came within close proximity of returning Pequot warriors. The warriors saw the aftermath of what the English had done and gave chase but with little
Both countries wanted to assert more control over their colonists and maintain it. In 1749 France began building forts from “Lake Erie to the Forks of the Ohio.” In 1744 under the Treaty of Lancaster, Iroquois chiefs had sold right to “trade at the Forks of the Ohio to Virginia land speculators.” Virgina took this to mean that they would have rights to the land for eventual settlement. Both the Ohio Valley Indian and the French objected to this. In May of 1754, Virginia sent out Washington and some of his soldiers to protect Virginia’s interest and the French stuck back and basically started the French and Indian War. Washington and his men won the battle. In July of that same year, France attacked Washington while at Fort Necessity and her had to surrender. The Delaware and Shawnee Indians joined with France in the French and Indian War. In Europe in 1756 it took off as the Seven Years’ War. In the first phase of the war in North America the French had decisive victories through guerilla war fare by the Indians. Both the English and the French started using European style warfare and this proved a poor decision for both, but especially France. Britain backed off the this strategy