An overview of major depressive disorder and cognitive behavioral therapy
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and highly serious disorder that leads to significant decreases in quality of health and Mortality (Ustun, Ayuso-Mateos, Chatterji, Mathers, & Murray, 2004) At present, the world health organization (WHO) has ranked major depression as the second leading cause of disabilities and can be attributed to being a leading cause in suicidality(Ferrari et al., 2013). From a New Zealand context, it is estimated around indicates that around 14.3% of New Zealand adults have been diagnosed with a form of depression, furthermore females intend to be significantly more at risk than males as 17.9% of females had been diagnosed relative to 10.4% of males (Mental Health Foundation, 2014). This research will firstly produce an overview of major depressive disorder, followed by an explanation of the etiology of MDD from the perspective of the cognitive behavioral therapy model (CBT). Lastly, this research will focus on how CBT treatment occours.
Overview of major Depressive Disorder
An overview of Major depressive disorder can be largely provided by referring to the criteria outlined in the diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association 2013).
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The danger of Core beliefs is that firstly by nature core beliefs are inflexible, overgeneralized across domains and tend to appear as absolute truths to the person who believes them. Secondly, Core beliefs appear to surround themes such as adequacy, helplessness or lovability features that can have a direct effect on a person's self-concept or efficacy especially when negative (Wenzel,
A 38-year-old single woman, Gracie, was referred for treatment of depressed mood. She spoke of being stressed out due to conflicts at work, and took a bunch of unknown pills. She reported feeling a little depressed prior to this event following having ovarian surgery and other glandular medical problems. She appeared mildly anxious and agitated. She is frequently tearful, but says she does not have any significant sleep or appetite disturbance. She does, however, endorse occasional suicidal ideation, but no perceptual disturbances and her thoughts are logical and goal-directed.
Mayo Clinic staff. “Depression (major depression).” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2013. Web. 6 Nov. 2013.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a method of correcting invalid thought patterns to a more positive view of the person and their place in their world. Some people do not believe that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a real treatment for depression, claiming it is a form of positive thinking ("The Daily Mail," 2009). On the opposite end of the spectrum, others argue that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy should be used in all therapies for depression as it allows the patient to take an active role in their treatment. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the benefit of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a viable treatment of depression, either as a stand-alone therapy or in conjunction with other therapies.
For this assignment we are asked to research the chosen diagnosis that was selected back in Module 1 for this course. For the paper the chosen diagnosis was Major Depressive Disorder. By utilizing a minimum of five sources we are asked to answer the following questions. We are asked to describe the selected disorder, we also need to identify the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic category and as well as distinguish diagnostic and commonly used terminology. We then are asked to give the causative factors, the diagnosis, and the treatment of the disorder. Last we are asked to provide a survey of current research on this chosen disorder. (Argosy University, Module 3, 2014)
Depressive disorders take on different forms. There are three common types of depressive disorders. They are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. Major depression is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with an individual's ability to work, study, sleep, and eat. Symptoms include but are not limited to the following: persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood, feelings of hopelessness, feelings of guilt, helplessness, worthlessness, decreased energy, fatigue, appetite and/or weight loss, or overeating and weight gain, ...
Beck, A. (1978). Cognitive therapy of depression (The Guildford Clinical Psychology and psychopathology series). New York, N.Y : Guildford Press.
Depression is an equal opportunity disorder, it can affect any group of people with any background, race, gender, or age. Depression is a sneak thief that slips quietly and gradually into people’s lives - robbing them of their time, and their focus. At first, depression may be undetectable, but in the long run a person could become so weighed down that their life may feel empty and meaningless. Contrary to popular belief, not everyone who commits suicide is depressed, but majority of people who commits suicide do so during a severe depressive episode. There are over 300 million people in the world today who suffer from depression. Depression has affected people for a long as records have been kept. It was first called out by the famous Greek philosopher Hippocrates over 2,400 years ago. Hippocrates called it “melancholia”. Many times we think of depression as one disorder alone, when in fact there are many different types of depression. The different types of depression are major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, atypical disorder, adjustment disorder, and depressive personality disorder. All types of depression share at least one common symptom. It is commons from the person who suffers from any form of depression to feel an unshakable sadness, anxious, or empty mood. Major depressive disorder also known as unipolar depression or recurrent depressive disorder is the most severe depressive disorder out of all of the depressive in my estimation. Major depressive disorder is a condition in which affects a person’s family, work or school life, sleeping, eating and general health. It is important to emphasize that we can understand the mechanics of this disorder and how it affects people with major depressive disorder.
Major Depressive Disorder, according to Coon, is a mood disorder in which the person has suffered one or more intense episodes of depression. Major Depressive Disorder falls under mood disorders subtopic depressive disorders (Coon 2013). “Psychologist have come to realize that mood disorders (major disturbances in emotion) are among the most serious of all psychological conditions. In any given year, roughly 9.5 percent of the U.S. population suffers from a mood disorder (National Institute of Mental Health, 2011a)” (Coon 2013). I was one of the 9.5 percent. I have decided to write on this topic because I want to understand what causes it. I have been depressed before without medication or counseling and I wanted to know why do you get depressed and how does it impact you. This essay will talk about disorder information, disorder triggers, research on depression, treatment for depression, and theorist’s experiments for Major Depression Disorder.
Katon, W., and Sullivan, M. D., (1990) Depression and Chronic Mental Illness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, v.51. pgs. 8-19
Depression is a serious mental health illness which affects an individuals’ mind, body and mood. It is a chronic and lifelong health condition (NICE, 2006) thought to be caused by a number of biological factors including neurotransmitter disturbances in the brain and an element of genetic vulnerability; these are often in addition to psychosocial factors such as the occurrence of undesirable life events, limited social network options, poor self esteem and the occurrence of any adverse life events during a persons’ lifetime (Bernstein, 2006). Depression can have an impact on a persons’ ability to do many things including working, engaging with others, participating fully in family life or maintaining relationships, and it can also impact on a person...
Clinical depression is very common. Over nine million Americans are diagnosed with clinical depression at some point in their lives. Many more people suffer from clinical depression because they do not seek treatment. They may feel that depression is a personal weakness, or try to cope with their symptoms alone. On the other hand, some people are comfortable with admitting their symptoms and seeking help. Such a discrepancy may account for the differences in reported cases of depression between men and women, which indicate that more than twice the numbers of women than men are clinically depressed. According to the numbers of reported cases of depression, 25% of women and 10% of men will have one or more episodes of clinical depression during their lifetimes.
National Institute of Mental Health. (2014). “Depression: What Every Woman Should Know”. Pub No. 95-3871.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is among the most extensively tested psychotherapies for depression. Many studies have confirmed the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for depression. This paper will provide background information about the intervention, address the target population, and describe program structure and key components. It will also provide examples of program implementation, challenges/barriers to implementing the practice, address how the practice supports recovery from a serious mental illness standpoint and provide a summary. Although there are several types of therapy available to treat depression and other mood disorders, CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) has been one of the most widely used. It is thought to be very effective in treating depression in adolescents and adults. CBT is targeted to quickly resolve maladaptive thoughts and behaviors without inquiring greatly into why those thoughts and behaviors occur as opposed to other forms of psychotherapy.
Cassano, P. Fava, M. (2002). Depression and public health: an overview. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 849–857. Retrieved from http://www.psychology.com/resources/depression.php
Major Depression is a type of depression that makes you lose interest in activities you usually enjoy, you have lack energy, trouble concentrating, you change your eating and sleeping habits, you become extremely sad most of the time and have thoughts of suicide. You will probably be diagnosed sooner, if you suffer from this, because in a short amount of time you will be a completely different person, if you’re usually a happier person in general. In order to be diagnosed these symptoms...