Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is the study of the interaction between magnetic fields and moving conducting fluids. The idea of magnetohydrodynamics phenomenon was first conceived by Michael Faraday in the year 1832 in his Backerian Lecture to the Royal society. In Great Britain he did an experiment at the waterloo Bridge for measuring the current from the flow of the river Thamus in earth’s magnetic field. This experiment in a way outlined the basic idea behind MHD generation over the years after that, in 1907 the MHD pump was designed by Northrup. In 1910,
Karlovitz and Halacz was invented and patented the MHD generator by inverting the operating principle of the MHD pump. The result of the first laboratory studies of
MHD flow in pipe and ducts
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These convectional systems that are presently being used for generation of electrical energy, requires huge capital cost as well as maintenance cost, or may not be sufficient to keep pace with increasing demand of the electrical energy of the world.
The recent survey, force the world to generate alternative source for power generation
MHD is one of them [4]. The fundamental concept behind MHD is that when an elec- trical conductor is moved across a magnetic field charged particles in the conductor experience a force in a direction mutually prependicular to the magnetic field and to the velocity of the conductor. This induced electric fields, or motional emf, provides the basis for converting mechnical energy into electrical energy.
The study of boundary layer viscous flow and heat transfer on a stretching/shrinking sheet has many practical applications in industrial manufacturing processes such as in the polymer industry, where one deals with the production of plastic sheet. The prime aim is to generate better quality sheet, which depends upon the rate of cooling.
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The fluid flow past a stretching sheet was first investigated by Crane [5] where
Ewald Georg von Kleist is a German scientist who created the capacitor in November of 1745. Regrettably, Kleist did not have the proper paper work to claim in the records that the design of the capacitor was his idea. Many months later, a Dutch professor named Pieter van Musschenbroek created the Leyden jar, the world’s first capacitor (on record). It was a simple jar that was half filled with water and metal above it. A metal wire was connected to it and that wire released charges. Benjamin Franklin created his own version of the Leyden jar, the flat capacitor. This was the same experiment for the more part, but it had a flat piece of glass inside of the jar. Michael Faraday was the first scientist to apply this concept to transport electric power over a large distance. Faraday created the unit of measurement for a capacitor, called Farad.
If a country has high energy intensity, this means that there is a high cost in converting ener...
He began writing about his hypothesis/ idea in 1864-65, and published the results in 1866. It was not until 1900 that his published findings were
David C. Snyder Journal of the History of Ideas Vol. 47, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1986), pp. 197-213
were not proposed until modern times. One such concept was recreated and advanced in 1859 by an Irish engineer, Robert
In 1813, at the age of 21, Faraday became a lab assistant at the Royal Institute in Londo...
Mark I. It was actually a electromechanical calculation. It is said that this was the first potentially computers. In 1951 Remington Rand’s came out with the UNIVAC it began
To fulfill the energy needs of the citizen of India while utilizing the renewable sources and hereby providing pollution free and waste free life to the citizens.
The Electric Franklin. "Benjamin Franklin's Inventions." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 4 July 1995. Web. 23 May 2014.
The 1800’s was a time of development in science. New and what seemed like crazy ideas were surfacing. These ideas were more easily accepted than in past years. There were new theories such as the Cell Theory by Mathias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann in 1838 (Farah 626) and the Atomic Theory by John Dalton (Farah 628).A little over a decade after the Cell Theory was proposed, Louis Pasteur discovered bacteria in 1850 (Farah 627).
time, electricity costs are much more stable and are expected to decrease over the next several
The history of engineering goes back into the 19th century when Alexander Volta (1745-1827) made a remarkable discover regarding the nature of electricity (Cosgrove 749). He discovered that electrical current could be controlled and could flow from one point to another. By the time the mid-19th century came about the rules for electricity were being established. During this time electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday who lived from 1791 to 1867 (749). Also during this time Samuel Morris invented the telegraph in 1837 which relies on the principles of electromagnetic induction (749). Alexander Graham Bell, who lived from 1847 to 1922, created the telephone which also uses electricity in order to operate (749). Through the success of the telephone, Bell Telephone Company was established. In 1878, the light bulb was finally invented by Thomas Edison who lived from 1847 to 1931 (749). Off the principles of Faraday’s electric motor from 1821, Nicholas Tesla invented a more efficient and powerful electric motor in 1888 (749). To make these inventions be more significant, effort was expended to make better motors and transformers and to enhance the power needed to make them function. Through these inventions during the middle 19th century, it led to the capability of lighting homes and cities through the use of electricity, and it also led to the creation of the telephone communication system (750).
Faraday visualized a magnetic field as composed of many lines of induction, along which a small magnetic compass would point. The aggregate of the lines intersecting a given area is called the magnetic flux. Faraday attributed the electrical effects to a changing magnetic flux.
Electricity has become a basic necessity for most people all over the world. We are depending on electricity for our everyday lives and if one day we did not have electricity we would have difficulty going through the day. I think we need to be more dependent on things that do not use electricity and only use electricity sometimes as a treat so just in case if one day electricity all goes away we could still live comfortably and still have a great life even without it.
The research that established Faraday as the foremost experimental scientist of his day was, however, in the fields of electricity and magnetism. In 1821 he plotted the magnetic field around a conductor carrying an electric current; the existence of the magnetic field had first been observed by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted in 1819.