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Mad cow disease in 1985
Mad cow disease in 1985
Mad cow disease research
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Mad cow disease kills many and is spreading rapidly throughout Britain and is slowly affecting the United States. Mad cow disease is a serious disease that affects many different species. There are different forms of the disease. This disease has occurred in Britain and can occur in the United States as well. Mad cow disease can be prevented.
Mad cow disease has several different names. It is called Bovine Spongiform encephalopathy or BSE. Other names are New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease or vCJD (Morris). Transmittable Spongiform encephalopathy or TSE is another name. Spongiform encephalopathies are nervous system disorders which nerve cells of the brain die, causing the brain to assume a sponge-like appearance (Montague, Part 1). In 1985 a veterinarian found odd symptoms in a cattle (Morris). Cows in Britain began to die of mysterious ailments (Montague, Part 1). German physicians Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt and Alfons Jakob first discovered vCJD in its natural form in the 1920’s (Shell, Part 2). In 1996 British government conceded that people were falling victim to a degenerate new brain disease linked to BSE (Morris).
Some cows in the United States may already have mad cow disease. It is also very possible that people in the United States may have the human form of the disease. Cows are vegetarians by nature. They can be infected when they are forced to eat parts of other infected animals. When animals are slaughtered for human food at least half of the carcass-hide, hooves, entrails, etc can not be sold for human consumption. It’s then sent to a “rendering” plant where it’s ground up, boiled down and driven into the consistency of brown sugar. Now, it’s sold for feed for cows, pigs, chickens and pets. Eating infected animals transmits mad cow disease or eating animal parts especially brains and spinal cords (Montague, Part 3). Cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry that are exposed to BSE via animal food can secretly harbour the disease (Morris). Scrapie is a disease that has affected sheep for at least 200 years. Sheep infected with Scrapie rub up against fences or barns until they scrape away their wool, leaving raw wounds, then they die. Scrapie infected sheep are sometimes fed to cows (Montague). Humans can get the human form of mad cow disease by eating infected meat.
Mad cow disease has a severe effect on animals. The infamous disease has increased 23 percent a year in Britain since 1994 (ABC News).
Makousky, David Tangley, Laura Loeb, Penny Holstein, William J. Thorton, Jeannye, "Hay feed might stop infections from meat." U.S. News & World Report 125.11(1998): middlesearchplus. EBSCO.web.27.Oct.2011
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a fatal neuro-degenerative, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of the family Cervidae (Hamir, et.al., 2006). The family Cervidae includes mule deer, Odocolileus hemionus, white-tailed deer, Odocolileus virginianus, Rocky Mountain elk, Cervus elaphus nelsoni, and moose, Alces alces shirasi, among others (Sigurdon & Aguzzi, 2007). CWD is a prion disease, meaning it is a protein caused infection, that occurs naturally in the deer family (Song & Lawson, 2009). This protein is suspected to be an abnormal isoform (PrPSc) of the naturally occurring host prion protein (PrPC) (Blanchong, et. Al., 2009). Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), mad cow disease, is a similar prion effecting cattle as CWD affects Cervidae. Although, scientists are not sure of transmission route it is suspected that CWD is transmissible and infectious through direct contact with infected individuals or through environmental contamination (Song & Lawson, 2009). Tests have been performed showing susceptibility of altered mice to oral transmission, mimicking the suspected route of entry, and the incubation appears slower but lasts longer with oral infection (Trifilo, et.al., 2007). The approximate time from the initial infection to death is three years.
...nd make people aware that it is more common than people realize and that a rather large part of America has the illness, whether they know it or not. This paper also discussed how the virus, could target certain individuals more easily than others based on the genetic makeup of an individual and families.
E. Coli is a bacteria that is inside your intestines that helps you break down food. When cows are fed corn, it also decreases the healthy acids such as Omega-3 and increases Omega-6 which is unhealthy. We should also care about their living conditions because a cow is in one area for most of the day just eating corn and when cows eat corn they tend to poop a lot. It is crowded in the eating area for cows so when they poop it falls on the ground and they eat so much corn that they just keep pooping so eventually they start stepping in it and this would cause them to get diseases. Some farmers when they slaughter them do check for diseases but some don’t, so the diseases travel with the cow and onto your dinner plate which means that you could be eating an infected cow without knowing it.
Almost no one on Earth has any immunity at all to this virus, which makes ordinary vaccines useless against it. The sudden spread of the virus into Europe foreshadows an epidemic development that could be worldwide. Ultimately, there is no way to protect ourselves against epidemics. They will keep disappearing and coming back in new forms.
Valley fever has always been a problem for humans all around the world. Valley fever is one of the many pathogens found in the world. It is an infection that can potentially cause many different problems. These problems have a very extensive range of severity though. It is very hard to avoid exposure to this pathogen if you live in an area where it is common. There are many different treatments and it is rarely fatal though. There are also ways to prevent valley fever. Valley fever is a pathogen that causes many different symptoms and is found all over the world.
It is no secret that the United States is in danger health-wise. When driving around a typical American town, it is obvious that Americans like restaurants. However, these are not always healthy. There are some pretty shocking statistics about American health in the Forks Over Knives documentary. For example, every minute, a person in the United States dies of heart disease; forty percent of Americans are obese; 1 in 5 four year olds in the United States in obese; and one in three people born in the United States today will develop diabetes at some point in their lives (Forks Over Knives). It is no coincidence that the American diet is made up of mostly animal protein and processed foods and Americans are extremely unhealthy. All this meat and processed food is greatly detrimental to the health of humans, and this is shown in several studies. Dr. Colin Campbell did two separate twelve-week studies on rats, detailed in the Forks Over Knives documentary. The first study had two groups of rats. One group was fed a diet of 20 percent casein (the main protein in dairy
Most interviews require strategic planning and relevant questions to be able to gather enough information. There were many things that the detective did great for example, in the first scene when the victim and the detective walked in, he immediately asked her to sit in a comfortable chair, got her a cup of coffee and asked her if she needed anything else. He quickly proceeded to explain what the interview is going to be about, removing any doubt or apprehension that she may experience during the interview. The detective began the interview with," Don't try to remember things you can't…if you need to stop anytime, just tell me." (Victim Interview,1998). Which essentially created a rapport between the detective and the victim. The detective began the interview with an open-ended question, asking the victim to tell him what happened from the start. While the victim was talking, he did not interrupt, but was rather patient with her, nodding and making eye contact continuously. During a one point of the video, the woman began crying, unable to hide her distress, to which the investigator reacted quickly responding "No pressure, I know you are upset... Are you alright to carry on?" (Victim Interview, 1998). In my opinion, this is a great technique to use when one is dealing with an elderly victim in distress. As the investigator carefully listened, he then recapped all the information back to the victim making sure it is correct. We see this throughout the whole film, where the detective continuously seeks victim's validation. Another thing that I found interesting is the way that the investigator used the cognitive approach on the victim, to stimulate her memory. He politely asked her to draw a sketch of the area that the crime happened at, then he proceeded to make her retell everything from the beginning but in the present tense. As she was struggling, he patiently guided her, by saying "Show me", "Describe to
The opening remarks of the interviewer got straight to the fact, he did not take any time to build rapport with the victim. There were a couple times at the beginning of the interview, the interviewee tries to vent, but the investigator interrupts “We will try and get it sorted out” (Slide 2, 10:02). Again, the interviewee tries to vent and the interviewer interrupts by saying “Yes, I understand” (Slide 2, 10:08), and “that I understand completely” (Slide 2, 10:24). When conducting an interview, the interviewer doing the interview should never say, ‘I understand’ because you do not understand how that person is feeling, everyone experiences trauma differently. As I learned in the Interviewing Methods Course, elderly tend to be more traumatized by a crime than anyone else. The investigator did not ask any closed-ended questions, such as the interviewee’s tombstone information (Name, address, date of birth, phone number, work address, and work
One of the important things that they talked about in the documentary was the lack of safety inspections being performed by the U.S.D.A and because of that, cases of salmonella have increased exponentially. Based on the documentary “Food Inc” “in 1972, the FDA conducted 50,000 food safety inspections, in 2006 they conducted 9,164.” Another thing that was talked about in the the video was that the animals are forced to wade around through ankle high manure for days on end until they are brought to slaughter. They are also forced to subsist on a corn only diet. This is due to the fact corn is subsidized by the US government and it is cheaper to feed animals while also fattening them up at the same time. Cows are not biologically designed to live off corn; their diet should consist of only grass. Research shows this change of diet is causing a mutated strain of e.coli to form in the cow’s stomach that is acid resistant. This strain of E.coli is known as 0157:H7 that was stated in the movie (Food
The initial downward spiral of Heathcliff’s life was predominantly caused by harsh influences in the environment in which he was raised. Heathcliff, an adopted child, grew up in Wuthering Heights, a desolate and dystopian estate when compared to the beauty of the neighboring Thrushcross Grange. In childhood, Heathcliff displayed evidence of a sympathetic personality through his emotional attachment to Catherine and kind attitude towards Nelly. At the time of Mr. Earnshaw’s death, Nelly describes a scene where, “Miss Cathy had been sick, and that made her still; she
The interviewer does not introduce himself, or anything about him. He briefly explains what is going to happen in the interview, then dives straight into it. When examining the rapport building, there is not much that can be seen regarding that component as well. As mentioned above, there is a quick mirror technique used when the victim has a drink of her coffee. The interviewer broaches the interview by telling the victim that they will be writing a statement at the end of the interview. He asks the victim to tell him in her own words what happened that afternoon (EBS Trust, 1998). As she tells her story, the interviewer stays quiet and continues to encourage her by using words such as “yes” and “yep” (EBS Trust, 1998, 3:20). After the victim voiced her story, the interviewer told the victim “If I can just recap that back to you, just so we’re sure that I am clear of what you have said to me” (EBS Trust, 1998, 6:00). This ensured they were on the same page and allowed them to continue on with the interview. The interviewer then used a sketch map, in which he let the victim draw out an overview of the street where the crime happened. When the interviewer let the victim do this, the victim was then able to visualize the situation. After clarifying every that happened within the afternoon, the interviewer closed the interview by asking if there was anyone at home of the house of the victim, and requested
Marley had dreads as a style because the cutting of the hair was forbidden in his religion (Bob, Encyclopedia of World Biography). Rastafarianism also included “…the divinity of the late Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I, preaching peace, love, and racial reconciliation, promising repatriation to Zion…Marley wore his hair fourteen-inch-long ‘dreadlocks’ or ‘natty dreads’ (long serpentine plaits of hair that according to tradition were never cut or combed), chain-smoked ‘spliffs’ of the ‘holy herb’, was a vegetarian, and abhorred the use of alcohol” (Sims, 6). Marley became really involved in the religion which lead to also incorporating his faith into his music (Bob, St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture). In the year 1979, “Bob Marley was a global superstar fighting accusations of selling out his roots with the deliberately commercial Kaya by reigniting his political conscience with that year’s Survival (Needs, 1).
Cows are naturally very gentle and calm creatures. These smart and sweet natured animals have been known to go to great lengths to escape slaughterhouses. More than forty-one million of these sensitive animals suffer and die a painful death each year in the United States. When cows are still very young they are burned with hot irons, there testicles are torn or cut off, all without painkillers. Most beef cattle are born in one state, live in another, and are slaughtered in another. The cows who survive the gruesome transportation process are shot in the head with a bolt gun, hung upside down by there legs, and taken onto the killing floor where there throats
Niagara Falls reigns as one of the most popular tourist attractions in all of New York. Known as a series of three parts that connect the border between the United States and Canada, Niagara Falls holds a lot of tourism potential as the world’s second largest waterfall at 3,950 feet wide (Conservative Institute). Even so, many people venture from all over the world to see its wonders and stare in awe at its grandness and beauty. The three parts that together make up this major landmark include the Bridal Veil Falls, the American Falls, and Horseshoe Falls. Both the Bridal Falls and the American Falls lie completely on United States territory, while the Horseshoe Falls lies on the border between the United States and Canada (History.com Staff, 2010). Over the years, Niagara Falls has been a subject of many topics, including its formation, discovery,