Science in the News: MRSA
During the year 1961, British scientists discovered a superbug now known as MRSA. MRSA stands for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and is a strain of staph bacteria that evolved, becoming resistant to antibiotics commonly used to treat these type of infections. MRSA and (methicillin-susceptible) Staphylococcus aureus infections share the same general characteristics. The bacteria is a gram-positive coccus usually forming in clusters. MRSA is nonmotile (incapable of movement), non-spore forming, catalase:positive, oxidase:negative, and facultatively anaerobic. Staphylococcus aureus best grows in hot environments. Temperatures of 35 °C (or 95°F) are ideal for MRSA to grow. MRSA is most commonly found in
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In the 1940’s and throughout the 1950’s, S. aureus developed resistance to penicillin. Methicillin, a form of penicillin, was introduced to fix the penicillin-resistance. Methicillin was one of most common types of antibiotics used to treat staph infections; but, in 1961, British scientists identified the first strains of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that resisted methicillin. This was the birth of MRSA. The first reported human case of MRSA in the States came in 1968. Today new bacteria has developed that can now resist drugs, such as methicillin and most cognate antibiotics. MRSA is authentically resistant to an entire class of penicillin-like antibiotics, which are called beta-lactams. MRSA produces enzymes called beta lactamase. These enzymes cleave the beta lactam ring located inside the penicillin; one enzyme specific to penicillin is penicillinase. This class of antibiotics included penicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, methicillin, and others. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases states to diagnose MRSA, a sample is obtained from the infection site and sent to a microbiology …show more content…
One study estimated that approximately 20 percent of patients with serious MRSA infections died; about 86 percent of these infections were acquired in the hospital . MRSA can be transmitted either by skin to skin contact, or touching contaminated objects; making the ill (weakened immune system) residents of hospitals extremely susceptible for infection. In hospitals, becoming susceptible to MRSA is usually caused by being hospitalized for a prolonged period of time, exposure to intravenous catheters, having a surgical wound or IV, surgical procedures, other patients or healthcare workers who are colonized with MRSA, and contact with devices found in a hospital setting. Some signs and symptoms associated with HA-MRSA skin infections include, but not limited to, red bumps or mild swelling that may ooze pus. HA-MRSA infected patients are usually treated with intravenous medication until their symptoms improve. In many cases it takes up to 6-8 weeks after release from the hospital for antibiotics to
Another issue RNs face is the mental balance between their life and their work. Many face traumatic scenes and have to deal with death frequently, therefore, registered nurses may find it difficult to prevent their work from influencing daily life. Mrs. Tuck also states, “‘While being a RN, you experience different individuals, all different ages and comprehension levels. One day you’re talking to an individual with dementia who is 98 and the next you’re talking to a doctor with years of experience
While I’m still not certain of what I want to be, I do know that I have a fascination with business and entrepreneurship. The prospect of being able to start a company and successfully run it excites me. Out of the 7 colleges/schools that Cornell has to offer I think I would be the most successful in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences because they offer a major that I am very interested in, Applied Economics and Management. I like AEM because of its flexible degree requirements, which allow
actions by reflecting we reveal to our selves how we act, such actions are spontaneous and without forethought attention. To maintain my clients autonomy I am unable to disclose any client information, accordingly I have given my client the name Mrs Jones this is to protect and respect my client’s confidentiality as stated by the NMC Code of Professional Conduct. Gibbs' model of reflection (1988)DescriptionDuring any client’s admission stage an assessment on the client’s skin care regime is
our actions by reflecting we reveal to our selves how we act, such actions are spontaneous and without forethought attention. To maintain my clients autonomy I am unable to disclose any client information, accordingly I have given my client the name Mrs Jones this is to protect and respect my client’s confidentiality as stated by the NMC Code of Professional Conduct. Gibbs' model of reflection (1988)DescriptionDuring any client’s admission stage an assessment on the client’s skin care regime is made
Osteomyelitis Brette Maddox Dixie State University Abstract This paper researches information from a selection of sources about the pathology osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is the inflammation and infection of bone, bone marrow, and inadvertently the surrounding soft tissue. It can occur in any bone of the body. It is caused by bacteria and occasionally fungus. Symptoms can be difficult to determine and the illness can occur from differentiating factors. Without treatment, infection can spread
Keypoints 1. Patients with diabetic foot may present as an emergency with sepsis (with or without ischemia), they may also present with tissue loss. 2. A prompt diagnosis, clear pathway, management plan as well as urgent surgical intervention will cutback complications and reduce the risk of amputation. 3. Multidisciplinary team approach is inevitable, as these conditions may be life threatening. Epidemiology The global prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus is 5.1% and
Delegation At any given time, a Registered Nurse (RN) play many roles and responsibilities. He/she often act as a caregiver, educator, communicator, manager and a leader. Sometimes a registered nurse assumes all these roles and responsibilities concurrently. Given the number, time and complexity of the tasks, she/he may not complete them satisfactorily. Such an environment may lead to instances where client care decisions are not well thought of and hurriedly implemented
This resistance is mainly caused by the exponential growth in antibiotic prescriptions from effectiveness along with their easy access and misuse over the last seventy years. In “MRSA and Antibiotics—An Opinion,” Ron Graves, a man struggling with a series of health complications, discusses his belief of how antibiotic resistance came to be as he shares the role antibiotics have had in his life through his history of illnesses, doctors
The increase of drug-resistant microbes in the last two decades is fighting against current efforts to battle infectious diseases. By being more resistive to current medication, sicknesses which used to be considered under control are becoming new threats which also make other incurable diseases far more dangerous: TB, pneumonia, malaria, cholera and HIV. Even though antibiotic resistance affects both industrialized and developing countries, its effect is far worse on developing countries. The problem