MIT Oxygen, Network Technologies
The more advanced our civilization becomes the more stress we endure. The Oxygen project at MIT is attempting to make our lives easier by taking out the little things to give us more time for the more important jobs in life. A small but significant part of the Oxygen project is WIND wireless networks of devices project. With the ability to have everything in your life networked through automatic wireless technology will make our devices in our world interact quickly with no setup time.
The WIND project is developing middleware and protocols that will enable applications networks of devices, sensors, and computers to communicate with each other with minimal manual or a priori configuration. With the main goal is to provide the system infrastructure for a large class of pervasive computing applications for a world in which communication is everywhere and computation extends to even the most specialized of devices to make them connected to the network.
The WIND software addresses several inter-related areas such as configuration and message routing, the task of automatically creating topologies and adapting them to mobility, making sure that messages are routed even in the face of dynamism, taking bandwidth, latency, and energy consumption into account. Resource discovery, the task of automatically discovering and using networked resources, without manual configuration or administration. The last goal is to be able to adjust to changing network conditions, including congestion, wireless errors, latency variations, and route changes.
They have been working on developing location-dependent applications that use automatic location discovery and active map dissemination techniques to navigate new geographic environments and discover resources and people there. WIND uses the late binding technique provided by international naming system. Which integrates name resolution and message routing to track mobility and change, and uses intentional names to describe what its applications want or provide, rather than simply where in the network they might be found? WIND also uses self-configuring application-level overlay networks to achieve flexibility and deployment with minimal prior configuration.
Ensuring secure and authenticated access to devices and maintaining device and user privacy is the most important factor in the WIND project.
The bitter cold bit against the starved girl’s skeletal body. She was tired. Her parents discussed ways to get to good lands. They told her the only way to have a better life was to sell her into slavery. The girl, only ten years old was silent. She dreamed of fine clothing and good food. The girl went to the House of Hwang. She was too ugly to be in sight; she was kept in the scullery. All dreams of any kind were lashed out of her young mind. Mistreated, beaten, and underestimated, young O-lan learned to work hard and became resigned to her fate. One day, the Old Mistress summoned her and told her that she was to be married to a poor farmer. The other slaves scoffed, but O-lan was grateful for a chance to be free - they married. O-lan vowed to return to the great house one day in fine clothing with a son. Her resolve was strong; no one could say otherwise. Her years of abuse as a slave had made O-lan wise, stoic, and bitter; whether the events of her life strengthened or weakened her is the question.
As a forerunner of the modern feminist movement, Kate Chopin explored bold new characterizations of her female subjects. Chopin is famous for her progressive depiction of the female characters in her stories. Two such stories, 'The Storm' and 'The Story of an Hour,' examine and refute the long held ideal of the subservient wife. 'The Storm,' written in 1898 but not published until later because of its provocative content, describes the passionate extramarital affair between Calixta and Alcee, a former lover. 'The Story of an Hour' follows Louise Mallard as she deals with the death of her husband. Chopin uses the extraordinary events in the characters' lives to bring them out of the coma of submissive living. In both stories, the female protagonist awakens from a marriage-induced trance and into a state of self-awareness as a person separate from her husband.
Kate Chopin's short story 'The Storm'; describes an encounter of infidelity between two lovers during a brief thunderstorm. The story alludes to the controversial topic of women's sexuality and passion, which during Chopin's time no one spoke about much less wrote about. So controversial was 'The Storm,'; that it was not published until after her death in eighteen ninety-nine. The story is broken up into five sections, each filled with small clues and hints that reflect her message. In short, Kate Chopin's 'The Storm'; is about a confirmation of feminine sexuality and passion and a rejection of the suppression of it by society.
In the short story “The Storm”, Kate Chopin expresses the right all women have to be sexually fulfilled, through symbolism Chopin uses an unfulfilled marriage and captivating affair to show that undeniable passion triumphs all understanding, as well as excusing the actions of Calixta to achieve that level of passion. The story takes place in late 1800’s in southern town, Bobniot and Bibi are at the store when a big storm hits the town. Calixta wife to Bobniot and mother to Bibi is at home waiting for them to return. As the storm rolls in so does an old lover of Calixta’s; Alcee who seeks refuge from the storm in Calixta’s home. As Bobniot and Bibi waited out the storm, Calixta and Alcee engage in a passionate sexual affair. The affair evokes unspeakable passion and sexual awakening for both Alcee and Calixta. After the storm dissipates, Alcee leaves to go back to his wife and the boys return home.
If one is to attempt to interpret The Storm, it becomes necessary to examine the conditions surrounding the story's genesis. The story was written in 1898, very shortly after Chopin had completed "The Awakening", "the boldest treatment so far in American literature of the sensuous, independant woman" (Seyersted 1969, p164). "The Storm" was not published, however, until well after Chopin's death, doubtless because of the as-yet unparalleled sensuousness of the story and its characters. In his critical biography Kate Chopin, Per Seyersted argues that "The Storm" is objective in its portrayal of human sexuality and that Chopin is "not consciously speaking as a woman, but as an individual" (p169). One must question this assertion, however; it is doubtful that in writing "The Storm" so soon after completing her 'feminist' novel, Chopin had "the protest of "The Awakening" off her mind" (p169).
According to the article GMOs Under Scrutiny by Racheal Ehrenberg, genetically modified organisms or GMOs have neither benefitted nor negatively affected our way of living. The assumption that GMOs are causing a variable of health problems holds no credible scientific evidence. There is proof, however, in developing countries like India genetically modified crops like cotton containing bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt have resulted in higher yields and profits for the poor farmers. Thanks to its resistance to bollworm farmers using Bt cotton can save money on herbicides, saving more money for food and education. Many of the GMOs have been developed to only assists farmers; now the development to provide nutrition around the word with GMOs is in development.
It filled all visible space with a blinding glare and the crash seemed to invade the very boards they stood upon”(122-123). In this scene Chopin makes allusion to their principles, which they both stood upon firmly prior to the affair and how they were invaded and trembled by the storm. The lighting bolt serves as imagery of two bold souls in an explosion of liveliness and ardor. The setting contributes in a change in the character’s personal perspective by blurring out their morals. For example, this idea is expressed when Chopin describes their interaction: “When he touched her breasts they gave themselves up in quivering ecstasy, inviting his lips. Her mouth was a fountain of delight” (123). The storm conceals their present lives and allows them to reminisce about the past. An example of this is when Alceé says: “Do you remember in Assumption, Calixta?” With the storm come the memories, and an opportunity they did not have when they met in Assumption. The rain covers their tracks washing off their sin, metaphorically as well as
Johnson, D., Maltz, D. (1996). Dynamic Source Routing in Ad-hoc Wireless network. Print ISBN: 0 79239697 0
If crops were affected by droughts, disease and insects, having destroyed many acres across America’s Midwest region, the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) would not be beneficial in regenerating new crops. Genetically modifying foods (GMOs) “are plants or animals that have been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses or other plants and animals that cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding” (nongmoproject.org). Most research done has concluded no positive benefits in using GMOs. There are serious health risks associated with eating GM foods based on scientific research done around the world. The purpose of GMOs are to increase production of crop yield and reduce pesticide use but research says otherwise. If farmers wanted to continue using GMOs to produce crops, labeling should be mandatory to allow consumers to have a conscious choice whether or not to eat GM food. Through research it has been proven that the use of GMOs to increased production of crops during a time of drought or disease have no benefits, just risks.
An Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is the most used interior gateway protocol and computation intensive protocol where energy consumption in Internet Protocol (IP) networks is the main concern. The energy in an IP network can be saved by allowing a subset of IP router interfaces on sleep mode setting during the low traffic hours through the model of “move” by dint of an Energy Aware Routing (EAR) strategy, which is completely compatible with OSPF and is based on the “Shortest Path Tree (SPT) exportation” techinque or “Dijkstra's Algorithm”. In case of heavy traffic hours, the EAR strategy is not usable and may cause denial of service. The strategy implemented can help a network operator to control the network performance and allow a smoothed QoS degradation. This performance evaluation study permits to save about 30% of network links with a insignificant rise of link loads and network path lengths.
This report explains genetically modified food (GMOs) and discusses the benefits and risks associated with the consumptions of GMOs. Genetically modified foods (GMOs) are foods that have been genetically altered using engineering techniques. The most common technique used today is called recombinant DNA technology; this technology combines different molecules from different plant species to create a plant with a new set of genes, a hybrid plant. Another recombinant DNA technology being used is recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) an artificial growth hormone; this hormone is being fed or injected into cows to improve milk production. (ThefreeDictionary)
Genetically modified (GM) crops are being developed today to help supply the earths growing population with the plants that we all rely on for survival. Genes are being placed into plants to help them resist the adverse conditions that would have resulted as a loss of yield in the past. Plants are also being transformed to give us the most out of the crops that we grow. Even with these benefits there are perceived consequences that have resulted in much debate about this technology. Arguments from both sides address the same issues from different points of view. These concerns include how the use of GM crops, or the lack of these crops, will have an effect on the environment, human health, and the economy. There are legitimate concerns on each side of the aisle but the “all or nothing” attitude of these debates will never end in a reasonable conclusion.
The IOT creates an opportunity to measure or monitor a large number of different end systems by collecting and analyzing the data. The perception layer includes a group of Internet-enabled devices that are able to perceive, detect objects, gather information, and exchange information with other devices through the Internet communication networks. Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID), cameras, sensors, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are some examples of perception layer devices. Forwarding data from the perception layer to the application layer under the constraints of devices’ capabilities, network limitations and the applications’ constraints is the task of the network layer.
Local Area Networks also called LANs have been a major player in industrialization of computers. In the past 20 or so years the worlds industry has be invaded with new computer technology. It has made such an impact on the way we do business that it has become essential with an ever-growing need for improvement. LANs give an employer the ability to share information between computers with a simple relatively inexpensive system of network cards and software. It also lets the user or users share hardware such as Printers and scanners. The speed of access between the computers is lighting fast because the data has a short distance to cover. In most cases a LAN only occupies one or a group of buildings located next to each other. For larger area need there are several other types of networks such as the Internet.
The Wireless Markup Language (WML) is used to create pages that can be delivered using WAP. WML is a language that allows the text portions of Web pages to be presented on cellular telephones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) via wireless access. WML is part of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) that is being proposed by several vendors to standards bodies. The Wireless Application Protocol works on top of standard data link protocols, such as Global System for Mobile communication, code-division multiple access, and Time Division Multiple Access, and provides a complete set of network communication programs comparable to and supportive of the Internet set of