MDMA was first synthesized and patented by the German drug company Merck in 1913 for use as a diet pill, but was never marketed, and eventually got shelved. MDMA was mostly unknown until it was synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970’s. Shulgin’s story is remarkable on its own, but he is the first recorded human to use MDMA, and recognized great therapeutic value in the compound. He introduced MDMA to Leo Zeff, a retiring psychologist that had used psychedelic drugs in his practice. After Zeff had taken MDMA, he decided not to retire, but to begin to use MDMA in his own practice. After a few months, Zeff was pontificating MDMA’s use, and earned the moniker the Johnny Appleseed of MDMA.. He dubbed the drug “Adam” believing that it stripped a lifetime of emotional baggage from its user, and allowed them to see themselves, as Adam, without sin. It is this powerful effect of allowing analysis of one’s actions without a feeling of guilt that caused another psychiatrist to dub MDMA “penicillin of the soul.”
...hick and thin fibers). With MDMA the nerve terminals wear out faster than naturally intended ultimately causing a multitude of mental illnesses.
In a world where mental illnesses like PTSD, depression, and autism are becoming more and more prevalent, MDMA, or “Ecstasy” is just the mental boost that someone needs and is illegally being dealt to patients while in therapy or counseling. The theory is that MDMA can raise “happiness levels” by forcing the brain to release serotonin and dopamine at the same time, resulting in intense euphoria and “ego softening” (Errowid). Some other side effects of MDMA can include feelings of inner peace, increase in social bonding, and an increase in ability to communicate. Some of the less positive side effects can be eye wiggling, increased heart rate, and dehydration. All of which, are quite manageable and not too noticeable. Sufferers of social anxiety and depression could greatly benefit from MDMA, as it can break down inner boundaries and increase the need to be around other people. A grou...
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), more commonly known under its street name as Ecstasy, is a synthetic, psychoactive drug that is chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline.
Ecstasy (MDMA) is a semi-synthetic drug (used as an appetite suppressant) patented by Merck Pharmaceutical Company in 1914, abandoned for 60 years, and reintroduced by Psychiatrists and Psychotherapists in the late 1970s and early 1980s to facilitate psychotherapy in the United States. The use of Ecstasy was completely legal in the United States until 1985, when it was added to the banned list because it was becoming the drug of choice for American youths (Ecstasy was also placed as a Schedule I drug by the DEA in 1985…meaning 1.that the drug has a high potential for abuse, 2.the drug has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the US , and 3.that there is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision), however, it was about the same time that the drug became illegal that its popularity skyrocketed and spread to dance clubs and the dance culture. Now, due to the effect that the drug has on the body, it seems as if Ecstasy and dance clubs go hand in hand. After the initial consumption of the pill it takes about twenty minutes to an hour to feel the effects which tend to last for three to six hours. People who use E’s at “raves” consider the drug to be a mood elevator that produces feelings of empathy, openness and well-being…making it easier to communicate, dance, and feel close to others.
MDMA stimulates the release of the neurotransmitter serotonin from brain neurons, producing a high that lasts from several minutes to an hour. The drug's rewarding effects vary with the individual taking it, the dose and purity, and the environment in which it is taken. MDMA can produce stimulant effects such as an enhanced sense of pleasure and self-confidence and increased energy. Its psychedelic effects include feelings of peacefulness, acceptance, and empathy. Users claim they experience feelings of closeness with others and a desire to touch them. Because MDMA engenders feelings of closeness and trust and has a short duration of action, some clinicians claim that the drug is potentially valuable as a psychotherapeutic agent.
Shulgin then goes on to describe how he gave some of the drug to a friend who was about to retire from his career as a psychotherapist. Shulgin then began traveling the country introducing MDMA to other therapists and teaching them how to use it in their therapy (Saunders). All of the therapists Shulgin introduced the drug to began in the same way, taking the MDMA themselves (Saunders). The psychotherapists felt that they had no right to give a psychoactive drug to another person unless they themselves knew how the drug effected their own minds (Saunders). The testing going on between the therapists caused this drug to became readily available on the street as a recreational drug sometime during 1977 (Erowid). "Those first psychotherapists to use MDMA were keenly aware that they had found a valuable new tool." As one put it "MDMA is penicillin for the soul, and you don't give up prescribing penicillin, once you've seen what it can do (Saunders).
Throughout history, human beings have experimented with substances whether it was to discover new knowledge or improve one's state of being. Often it began from a small distinguished portion of the population to then becoming widely available to the rest of society. The story of the drug methamphetamine was no different as since its synthesis, growing numbers of people have sought its abilities. The status in which methamphetamine currently finds itself in is that of a source of social ills. That cannot be denied but like other drugs, it had its time as an accepted medicine before becoming widely misused. Methamphetamine, despite being regard as a growing social epidemic, has its benefits under controlled medical application thus attention towards dealing with its problems must be placed upon its users and not the drug itself.
Social Problems of Ecstasy and Raves Throughout American history drugs have posed a problem to society and lawmakers. Many attempts have transpired to try to prevent future problems associated with drugs. Many of the drugs threatening America were originally designed toward the improvement of human health. The most recent epidemic of recreational drug use is ecstasy. Ecstasy’s popularity is particularly in the possession of the nations youth. The institute of use is at all-night clubs and bars within many large cities. Recent research has been completed about the problems and long term effects of the drug. Does the new era of rave clubs and club drugs such as ecstasy pose a great threat to society? Before analyzing the societal problems associated with ecstasy it is important to understand what it is and its background. Ecstasy or MDMA (methylenedioxmethamphetamine) first originated in 1914 and was used as an appetite suppressant; it was not heavily used again until the 1970’s and was used to treat psychological disorders. Finally in the 1980’s the drug administration banned any open use of ecstasy because of recent test results proving it causes health problems. Recently the drug has become very popular and the rising popularity is from the influence of the rave movement. Boom, Boom, Boom. The sound of the new innovative music, responsible for cultivating and transforming society erupts from the speakers of a rave. Codes of conduct at raves are nonexistent. With out rules the crowds are encouraged to participate in whatever they find pleasing.
Credibility material: Its intake results in adverse medical conditions that are further exalted by its addiction properties that ensure a continued intake of the substance. The drug can be abused through multiple means and is medically recorded to produce short-term joy, energy , and other effects such as increased heart rate and blood pressure. This ultimately results in numerous psychiatric and social problems; factors that played a major role in its illegalization after multiple and widespread cases of its effects were reported in the country during the 1900s. In addition to this, the drug results in immediate euphoric effect, a property which the National Institute of Drug Abuse (2010) attributes to be the root cause for its increased po...