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Jean Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development
Theories of development
Jean piaget theory of cognitive development features
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LASA 1: Theories of Development and Application
Instructions:
Apply the theories of development to your personal life experience by answering EACH of the following questions. Please write enough detail to thoroughly illustrate the concepts. Use the recommended word requirement.
1. “Jean Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development: At what age do you feel you entered the stage of Formal Operational Thought? Explain the stage briefly and then focus on providing examples of ways your thinking has shifted to indicate you have developed into this stage of reasoning.” (For instance, provide an example of how your views of justice or morality have shifted as you’ve matured.) (Approximately 250 Words) (Argosy, 2014)
What Jean Piaget describes as formal thought is where a person can see other perspectives and reason how different choices can change the final outcome. (Gerrig, 2012)
I feel that I entered this stage when I was 12, an opossum got into our house. I remember being scared and upset that my father killed the opossum, but had the understanding and reasoning that the animal was dangerous and she was hissing and trying to bite everyone. Then on the other hand it was an animal and deserved to live. When we found her babies the next morning my dad killed them too, I was mortified and so angry. I again knew they would die if they had no mom to take care of them. With this situation I tried to see both the animal’s side of looking for a warm place for her babies and how it was unsafe to allow the animal into the house. My thoughts where that she was an animal. We lived in the woods and did not belong taking over her natural home. So killing her for doing what she would have naturally was wrong. I battled with this for weeks to reason out that my father had to protect us for the same reason the opossum had to protect her family. Most of all that sometimes
Crain, W. (2011). Theories of development: Concepts and applications (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Jean Piaget studied the intellectual development of his own three children. Piaget created a theory that descried the stages the children pass through in the development of intelligence and formal thought processes. (Cherry, 2016) Precious would be categorized under Piaget theoretical development stage of Formal Operation. The Formal Operation is the last stage of Piaget’s theory that takes place between the ages of 12 to adulthood. During the Formal Operation stage, the young adult begins to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems. During this stage; abstract thought emerges, young adults begin to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, and social issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning. An adolescent in the Formal Operation stage will begin to use deductive logic, or reasoning from a general principle to specific information. (Cherry,
Theories abound around how people develop emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. This essay will examine the theories of five leaders on the subject of development.
Piaget is most commonly recognised for his work in forming a theory explaining how children’s thinking evolves to become more complex with age (Passer & Smith, 2012). For more than fifty years, Piaget researched the area of child thought processes, proposing a step-wise sequence of child mental development involving four distinct stages (Passer & Smith, 2012, p. 422). According to Passer and Smith (2012), a core belief of Piaget’s was that “cognitive development results from an interaction of the brain’s biological maturation and personal experiences” (p. 422). Piaget’s research has since received considerable attention and debate as to its validity. Many assessments of his work detail a greater level of criticism than praise; this criticism presumably being in place to support recent scientific discoveries and assist in the evolution of particular elements of his theories to what is regarded as relevant today (Flavell, 1996). Despite those who doubt his work, many sympathetic theorists (labelled neo-Piagetians) have opted to adopt and
How human children’s intelligence develops as they go through their adolescent stages in their early life has been a wonder to many researches and theorists. Jean Piaget is a stage theorists which means that he believes that there are a series of four main qualitatively different periods (or stages) that children go through in a certain and stable order and that any information or experiences that they gain in one stage is going to stay with them and prepare them for their next one. Piaget believes that children are active participants in their own development from stage to stage and that they construct their own mental structures through their interactions with their environments that begin just
Jean Piaget theorizes that children go through four different stages in cognitive development; sensorimotor stage, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. He states that by age 7, a child belongs to the concrete operational stage. At this time they begin to think logically like adults do, moving away from abstract thoughts to concrete thoughts. Additionally, children acquire the skill of reversibility. For example, adding 6 and 3 gives you 9. A child in the concrete operational stage would know that since 6 and gives you 9, then subtracted from 9 would give you 6 or 6 subtracted from 9 would give you 3. Therefore, they are able to show flexibility. Children are also aware of persons having different perspectives. Whereas, children are less self-centered and are open to other viewpoints. Here they are able to focus on more than one aspect of given object or situation (decentration). With Piaget’s conservation tasks, children are able to recognize that objects remain the same no matter how they are
There are various theories of development which have an influence on current practices in schools today.
Piaget believed that young children’s cognitive processes are intrinsically different from adults and that when they moved from a position of egocentrism to sociocentrism (during adolescence) that they had reached their potential in cognition.
The third stage is the Concrete Operational stage (7-11 years); this is when children are starting to solve problems mentally and develop concepts and are beginning to get better at understanding and following rules. Piaget’s fourth and final stage is the Formal Operational Stage (11 years and over); this stage is where the child is able to think not only as in the terms of the concrete, but also think in the abstract and is now able to think hypothetically. Piaget’s theory is one where children learn in a different manner to that of adults as they do not have the life experiences and interactions that adults have and use to interpret information. Children learn about their world by watching, listening and doing. Piaget’s constructivist theory has had a major impact on current theories and practices of education. Piaget has helped to create a view where the focus is on the idea of developmentally appropriate education. This denotes to an education with environments, materials and curriculum that are coherent with a student’s cognitive and physical abilities along with their social and emotional
Both Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that children's cognitive development took place in stages. (Jarvis, Chandler 2001 P.149). However they were distinguished by different styles of thinking. Piaget was the first t reveal that children reason and think differently at different periods in their lives. He believed that all children progress through four different and very distinct stages of cognitive development. This theory is known as Piaget’s Stage Theory because it deals with four stages of development, which are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. (Ginsburg, Opper 1979 P. 26).
There are many types of development theories, Psychoanalytic theories, Cognitive theories, Behavioral and social cognitive theories, ethological theories and ecological theories. Development is how a person changes throughout their life, from the time they are conceived to the time they die. Everyone processes and interprets things and information differently. After researching these various developmental theories ecological theories best describe development. Urie Bronfenbrenner is the researcher that created the ecological theory. Psychoanalytic theories least describe development. Both Ecological and Psychoanalytic theories have certain aspects that I personally believe to make a valid point and certain aspects that do not make a valid point when it comes to development. Eclectic theoretical orientation takes pieces of each theory that makes the most sense when it comes to lifespan development and follows that system. Ecological theories are everyone and everything having an impact on a child’s development, even if those people and events have no direct contact with the child.
Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory states that a child goes through many set stages in his or her cognitive development. It is through these stages that the child is able to develop into an adult. The first of these stages is called the sensorimotor period in which the child’s age ranges from 0-2 years old. During this sensorimotor period of a child’s development, the child’s main objective is to master the mechanics of his or her own body. Towards the end of this period, the child begins to recognize himself as a separate individual, and that people and objects around him or her have their own existence. The child, however, does not have a sense of object permanence meaning that when an object is taken away, the child no longer believes that that object actually exists. As the child nears the end of this period of development, he may seek an item that has been hidden in the location where he or she last saw it, but does not look elsewhere (Smith). During the preoperational period, which lasts from age 2-7, the child has come a long way in his or her cognitive development since his or her birth. In this period, the child has a very basic understanding of the inner workings of his or her mind and is ready to interact with their environment in a more symbolic way. A limitation during this period is known as egocentrism. The child has a hard time realizing that though there are many other people and things in their world, none of them are more important that the child himself. The child believes that his point of view is the only point of view of the world. This is caused by his inability to put himself in someone’s else’s shoes (Smith). The concrete operational period, spanning between the ages of 7 and 11, is marked by the onset of logic to the young mind. The child is able to mentally manipulate objects and events. In other words, he or she can imagine squashing a clay ball ...
...care. I say this because I was trying to figure out who I could trust (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman). I have been through the second stage as well; this stage is Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt” (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman). This happened the most when I was very young and in foster care. I have seen myself go through several other stages as well. Now that I am looking back on my life I would have to say that I never gave up. I always pushed through everything that I had to. I am now at the point where I am trying to find love and success. I now believe that I am in the “Intimacy Versus Isolation Stage” (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman). My life may not have been perfect; however, I did experience the stages that I was supposed to according to Erickson.
Piaget’s Cognitive theory represents concepts that children learn from interactions within the world around them. He believed that children think and reason at different stages in their development. His stages of cognitive development outline the importance of the process rather the final product. The main concept of this theory reflects the view th...
Piaget theorised that children’s thinking goes through changes at each of four stages (sensory, motor, concrete operations and formal operations) of development until they can think and reason as an adult. The stages represent qualitatively different ways of thinking, are universal, and children go through each stage in the same order. According to Piaget each stage must be completed before they can move into the next one and involving increasing levels of organisation and increasingly logical underlying structures. Piaget stated that the ‘lower stages never disappear; they become inte... ...