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Recommended: Behavioral theory

The Behavioral Theory also includes the concepts of punishment, time-outs, and extinction along with alternatives to both punishment and time-outs. When reading about punishment in the text, an important point was brought up with the idea that the use of punishment actually works to suppress behavior (Boyle/Scanlon Pg. 80) rather than to "treat" it. Time-outs have been around for a long time and have evolved over time. On a personal note, I remember time-outs being used (although I think they didn't have that name at the time) but they were more extreme - a child would have to sit in a far corner of the room or outside the room for a long period of time. When my mother was a student they had "dunce" caps which a student would have to wear when segregated from the class. Now, time-outs are more directly connected to what happened and the result is that the student experiences a complete withholding of reinforcement for any or all of their behaviors for a more limited and appropriate time-period. For certain children, this strategy can be very effective but for others it can greatly exacerbate the situation (I have learned this first-hand).
The alternatives to punishment and time-outs, DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior) and DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior) definitely seem like much better strategies thought that can serve a greater variety of students (Boyle/Scanlon Pg. 80). I think that the use of these alternatives requires a little more effort on the part of the educator because they need to figure out what the inappropriate behavior is and then they need to determine a replacement behavior that is equally exclusive (Boyle/Scanlon Pg. 82) when using DRI. In a similar fashi...

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...oned reinforcer is a stimulus that is neutral but still reinforcing. An example of this type of reinforcer is praise. When a secondary reinforcer is put together with a primary reinforcer it results in being called a generalized reinforcer an example of this type of reinforcer is money (Boyle/Scanlon Pg. 79). When these types of reinforcers are used, they are often well received and considered to be powerful reinforcers.

Works Cited

Bayes, D. A., Heath, A. K., Williams, C., & Ganz, J. B. (2013). Pardon the Interruption. Teaching Exceptional Children, 45(6), 64-70.
Carnahan, C. R., Williamson, P. S., & Christman, J. (2011). Linking Cognition and Literacy in Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Teaching Exceptional Children, 43(6), 54-62.
Stockall, N.S., Dennis, L., & Miller, M. (2012). Right From the Start. Teaching Exceptional Children, 45(1), 10-17.

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