M.E. and FMS
M.E is a chronic illness that affects the body systems and their
functioning. The changes seem to affect the nervous system, immune
system and other body systems. The illness can also cause profound
exhaustion, muscle pain, problems with mental functioning such as
memory loss and poor concentration, malaise and other symptoms.
The term M.E. originally stood for ‘myalgic encephalomyelitis’. This
literally means muscle pain (myalgic) and inflammation of the brain
and spinal cord (encephalomyelitis). However, scientifically the term
is inaccurate because there is no evidence of inflammation in the
brain, also it is wrong as a description of the illness because not
everyone has muscle pain. Some suggestions of a new names have been
encountered, one being myalgic encephalopathy, meaning muscle pain and
abnormality of brain function.
Many people know the condition as M.E. but the formal term currently
used by the medical profession is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Some
people consider M.E. to be distinct from CFS, or as a subgroup of it.
M.E. can affect men, women and children of all ages and backgrounds.
It is estimated that there are over 150 000 people in the U.K with
M.E.; nearly two thirds of them are women. A study showed that 1 in
250 people in the community have symptoms of CFS. Most people develop
the illness between their early twenties and mid-forties. However M.E.
does affect children and young people, generally those between the
ages of 13 to 15 but sometimes children as young as five years old.
There is currently no single medical or laboratory test to diagnose
M.E. This is also the case for many ot...
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...d to aid
sleep. Ultram may help with the pain, although stronger opioids may be
needed for treating moderate to severe pain. Muscle relaxants and
other drug categories may be prescribed as well.
In addition to medications, most patients will need to use other
treatment methods as well, such as trigger point injections with
lidocaine, physical therapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture,
acupressure, relaxation/biofeedback techniques, osteopathic
manipulation, chiropractic care, therapeutic massage, or a gentle
exercise program.
Prognosis:
Long term follow-up studies on FMS have shown that it is chronic. The
impact that FMS has on daily living activities, including the ability
to work a full-time job, differs among patients. Overall, studies show
that FMS may be equally as disabling as rheumatoid arthritis.
I will talk about functional areas of M&S and KFH. through Comparison and contrast of how they contribute and operate their functions, as will as the structures, also my task is, to evaluate the benefit and disadvantages of their functions, finally, try to explain my opinion about how well the two companies run there business.
In the early twentieth century, during the end of the First World War, the puzzling illness of Encephalitis Lethargica (EL) swept the world. Millions of people were left to die and others less fortunate continued to live, trapped within their frozen and emotionless bodies. EL causes an inflammation of the brain, targeting the brain stem, which is home to critical motor components like the Basal Ganglia and Substantia Nigra. As it progresses, patients feel rigidity, muscle twitching and tremors similar to Parkinsonism. The current theory on the cause of EL is due to an immune reaction to a streptococcus like bacteria. The film “Awakenings” is a good representation of the physiological effects of the disorder but lacks at depicting the seriousness of psychological issues surrounding EL.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic state that causes muscles to tire and weaken easily. The meaning of the term Myasthenia Gravis is broken up, My means Muscle, asthenia means lack of strength and Gravis means serious. In an autoimmune disorder the immune system attacks parts of the body. The part of the body that is attacked by the circulation of antibodies, is the muscular system, and in certain receptors for acetylcholine on muscle cells at the neuromuscular junctions.
Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder. The term "myasthenia" is Latin for muscle weakness, and "gravis" for grave or serious. It is characterized by random weakness of voluntary muscle groups. Muscle groups most commonly affected include the eye muscles, facial, chewing and swallowing muscles, and shoulder and hip muscles. It is typical for a myasthenic patient to have a flattened smile, droopy eyes and an ineffective cough due to weak expiratory muscles, are all also associated with MG. Most myasthenic patients usually don't complain of extensive feelings of fatigue. They experience localized fatigue in specific, repeatedly used muscles. Today, MG is one of the most thoroughly understood neurological disorders, which has lead to treatments, which enormously improves the length and quality of life of myasthenics.
Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a musculoskeletal illness (which causes chronic pain) and a chronic fatigue disorder. It can also change sleep patterns and cause the following: digestive disorders, chronic headaches, painful menstrual periods, temperature sensitivity, morning stiffness, numbness or tingling of extremities, and even cognitive memory problems. The name fibromyalgia comes from "fibro" in Latin meaning tissue, "my" in Greek meaning muscle, and "algia" (also Greek) meaning pain.(source 5)
Multiple sclerosis - is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system including the spinal cord and brain.
According to Medical-Surgical Nursing: 7th edition, Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that can be considered as a chronic neuromuscular disorder (Lewis et al., 2007, p. 1555). MG is caused by an autoimmune process in which “antibodies attack acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, resulting in a decreased number of ACh receptor (AChR) sites at the neuromuscular junction” (p. 1555). Due to the neurotransmitter’s inability to connect the muscles and the nerves, it is difficult for the muscle to contract. This disease basically causes muscle fatigue and therefore a detrition of muscle strength over time. (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d.) In many respects, it is like a satellite unable to detect a signal when it is blocked by interfering radio waves.
... gastrointestinal tract, causing stomach cramps that are consistent. Sleep disturbances or lack of good sleep, usually caused by some form of sleep apnea or restless leg syndrome (RLS) that does not allow the body to completely relax and fall into an uninterrupted deep sleep. Temperature sensitivity, when it’s warm, it feels too hot for them or vise versa for cold or cooler weather. It affects Sensitivity to loud noises or bright lights, limiting their ability to be in a noisy environment like a restaurant or even drive a vehicle at night. Cognitive issues with thinking and memory, such as concentration or disorganized thinking. It also causes the inability to stay focused and cognitive recognition, such as seeing a pen on the counter but not being able to say the word pen. This is very common with fibromyalgia and is often called “fibro fog” (Huffington Post).
Fibromyalgia, also known as fibromyalgia syndrome and fibromyositis, is a chronic pain disorder that affects people physically, socially, and mentally. It can affect any area of the body and affects multiple areas. This disorder is most common in women, but it can also affect men and children of all ethnic groups. Most people are diagnosed between the ages of twenty and fifty. People who have Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, or Spinal Arthritis have an increased risk of developing Fibromyalgia. This disorder cannot be transmitted from person to person.
According to the MediLexicon Medical Dictionary, muscular dystrophy is defined as a general term for a number of hereditary, progressive degenerative disorders affecting skeletal muscles, and often other organ systems (Staff). Basically what that means is that muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that is passed down that affects the skeletal muscles and other organs by slowly breaking them down. Since it is genetic, it is not contagious and you cannot catch it from someone who has it. MD weakens muscles over time, so children, teens, and adults who have the disease can gradually lose the ability to do the things most people take for granted, like walking or sitting up. Someone with MD might start having muscle problems as a baby or their symptoms might start later. Some people even develop MD as adults (Clark, 2010).
Everything started off as expected and I felt as though I had finally found my true calling in life. Then it happened. My doctor’s appointment was scheduled the first week of class, and I was anxious to finally get the much anticipated answers to the source or cause of my pain. But the news I received left me dumbfounded. My body went numb, comparable to being thrown into a sea of ice where I had no time to react. Frozen in time, the doctor’s words drifting in mid-air, my mind would not accept these words so instead I was left watching them as if they were solid masses in front of my eyes. Fibromyalgia—a disease that doctors are still studying and many know little about. How could this happen? How did I get this disease? All these questions raced through my mind. When the doctor had no reply, the questions derailed from their thoughtful track and c...
The first historical account of muscular dystrophy was identified by Sir Charles Bell in 1830. He wrote about a disease that caused weakness in boys that progressively got worse. In 1836 another scientist whose name is unknown reported about two brothers who developed muscle damage, generalized weakness. Also damaged muscle was replaced with fat and connective tissue. At the time the symptoms were thought to point to tuberculosis. During the 1850s reports of boys with progressive muscle weakness became more and more common. There were also reports of these boys losing the ability to walk and dying at an early age. In the next decade French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne gave and in depth account of 13 boys who had the most common ...
Fibromyalgia is an extremely disabling condition associated with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and reduced pain thresholds (Wolfe et al., 2010)(Kelley et al., 2011). Observational studies have shown that over a 12 month period 25% of men and women surveyed over the age of 65 will consult a primary care physician for musculoskeletal pain (Jordan et al., 2010). Overall, between 46% and 80% of people over the age of 65 report experiencing pain on a daily basis and 15% of women and 10% of men over 50 report widespread musculoskeletal pain (Soldato et al., 2007; Thomas et al., 2004). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated in xxxx that fibromyalgia patients generated $6000 per patient per year in healthcare costs where as another recent study of administrative claims found that fibromyalgia healthcare costs may exceed $18,000 per patient annually (Wolfe et al., 1997). In a population study of ten chronic diseases, fibromyalgia was highest ranked for healthcare not received in the previous year and in long-term disability, pain, and poor self-rated health by survey participants (Kasman and Badley, 2004).
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease that affects approximately 400,000 Americans. It occurs two to three more times in women than in men and is most prevalent in women in their early thirties which makes researcher believe hormones play a significant role in developing MS. Patients can go through periods of relapse and remission with the possibility of the symptoms getting progressively worse with each occurrence. Statistics show that eighty percent who have MS will live twenty or plus years after its onset. Even with all the recent medical advances and research, MS is an overwhelming diagnosis to encounter.
Considering the Beverly’s complaints, she has been undergoing through a season of stressful moments. She kept wondering why she couldn’t do the things she used to before. The doubt presented by her family members and her husband made her discouraged. This kept her depressed. She also engaged in hard activities that triggered other physical challenges that harbor the existence of Fibromyalgia and depression at the same time. Her daily activities forces her to take bed rest in order to fight the fatigue developed from the previous day’s hard labor. These are the major contributing factors to the condition affecting the