Lymphoma
Lymphoma or lymphatic cancer is a very serious and life threatening disease. In this country there is an estimated 63,900 new cases, 7,100 of which are Hodgkin’s lymphoma as opposed to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Since around the 70’s the occurrence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma has almost doubled while the occurrence of Hodgkin’s disease has declined. (Steen, 1993)
Lymphoma is the name given to a cancer that infects the lymphatic system. In a case of lymphoma the lymphatic system has cells that multiply and cannot be stopped. There are two main types of lymphoma, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is called lymphoma and Hodgkin’s type lymphoma is called Hodgkin’s disease. Hodgkin’s disease is different from non-Hodgkin’s disease in that Hodgkin’s disease has a Reed-Sternberg cell present in the areas infected with the cancer. Hodgkin’s disease occurs mainly in people between 15 and 40 or over 55. Non-Hodgkin’s type cancer is much more common than Hodgkin’s disease. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a group of over 29 types of lymphoma. These are classified by the US National Cancer society as aggressive or fast multiplying or indolent, slow multiplying. (Lymphoma Information Network)
The lymphatic system protects the body from agents that could cause disease like bacteria or viruses. Within this system, that consists of organs such as the spleen and tonsils, there are organs that destroy foreign agents, those organs are called lymph nodes. The lymphatic system works as follows; the bone marrow produces blood cells including white blood cells. White blood cells are the cells that find and destroy disease-causing agents. Both B and T cells change a great deal to defend the body from pathogen. It is while the B cells are transforming that cancers can infect them. (Lymphoma Information Network)
What causes Hodgkin’s disease is not known, but the symptoms are well known and somewhat easy to detect. One’s lymph nodes in the neck, armpit or chest begin to swell. The swelling should be painless to touch, not sore or tender, if it were sore it would most probably be caused by ...
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Lymphoma is diagnosed by taking tissue from an inflamed area and looking at it under a microscope. It is treated much in the same way as Hodgkin’s disease, with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Lymphoma however can be treated in very different ways than Hodgkin’s disease. Observation is one method in which a slow growing lymphoma is simply watched until it affects or is going to affect an organ. If a relapse occurs a cell-stem transplant is done. (Mayo Health Clinic)
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Cancerbacup. September. 1999. http://www.cancerbacup. org.uk/info/hodgkins.htm Cancerhelp UK. April. 1999. http://medweb.bham.ac.uk/ cancerhelp/public/specific/lymphoma/treat/which.html Lymphoma Information Network. October 3. 1999. http://www.lymphomainfo.net Mayo Clinic. 1999. http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/
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Steen, R. (1993). The conspiracy of Cells. New York:
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If B-cell and T- cell are identified under a microscope then it is Non- Hodgkin lymphoma. If Reed - Sternberg cell is present then it is Hodgkin lymphoma. There are different tools to diagnose these cancers and different options of treatments. One treatment that was approved by the FDA (food and drug administration ) seems to have greater success in the fight against Non Hodgkin lymphoma. Most Patients treated with only Chemotherapy will reach remission at some point but eventually will die. However the development of new treatment where chemotherapy or radiotherapy are given in addition to Monoclonal Antibodies have a higher rate of success in defeating the cancer all together. Monoclonal Antibodies are laboratory engineered molecules that are engineered to attach to a specific protein that is found only in B-cell. The immune system task is to fight invaders, however it does not always recognize the cancer as a harmful invader and does not attack it. The Monoclonal Antibody are directed to attach to a specific part of the cancer, marking the cancer cell as harmful and making it easy for the immune system to identify it and destroy it. Scientists are looking to to find out the reason lymphocytes turn into cancer, why they grow fast or live longer then they should. Once this is understood the focus will be on finding a cure for the disease. There are new drugs being tested on patients and studies are being done on how to improve steam cell transplant, and new drugs are being tested. A cure may be out of reach for time being but treatments and research are advancing every
Cancers arising from the lymph nodes or other sites of lymphoid tissue are broadly termed lymphomas. This group of diseases is divided into Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In both conditions, there is a replacement of normal lymphatic tissue by collections of abnormal lymphoma cells.
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. Our lymphatic system helps to protect us from disease and infection and consists of: lymph nodes, plasma cells, lymphatic vessels, the spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, adenoids, bone marrow, and immunoglobulins. White blood cells called Lymphocytes, travel through the body via lymphatic vessels and help to trap and kill disease and infection. Lymphatic vessels connect to lymph glands in our bodies and collect into large ducts that empty into our blood stream. Lymphocytes enter the blood stream through these ducts. There are three main types of Lymphocytes. B lymphocytes (B cells) make antibodies in response to invading bacteria, viruses or other microbes. B lymphocytes
Lymphomas are a group of neoplastic diseases that come from the lymphoid and hematopoietic systems and are divided into Hodgkin disease and NHL. In Hodgkin disease the cancer starts in the lymphoid system and mostly involves the lymph nodes. It can spread to the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lung and the mediastinum. The outlook is excellent in children with localized disease. Overall survival rates for patients with Hodgkin disease is as high as 95%; however, the survival rate is dependent on histology and staging. The primary clinical symptom are painless enlargement of lymph nodes. Other signs and symptoms depend on the extent and location of involvement. Diagnostics consist of multiple tests to confirm the presence of Hodgkin's disease and to evaluate the extent of involvement for acute staging. The tests include CBC, uric acid levels, liver function test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, and urine analysis. Radiographic tests include CT scans of the neck, chest, abdomen and hip, pet scans, chest x-ray, and if indicated a bone scan to detect
Some believe that ‘Social networking sites help students do better at school. 59% of students with access to the Internet report that they use social networking sites to discuss educational topics and 50% use the sites to talk about school assignments” (Procon) However, “If the students checked Facebook just once during the 15-minute study period, they had a lower grade-point average”. (Clemmitt) This shows that social media is the main source of distraction which does not allow individuals to focus on their academic work. This is harmful to society because individuals will not be able to completely focus on a task. Thus individuals would complete their tasks with little thought on how they are doing it. Procon has also mention that “People who use social media have a lower grade point average (3.02) social media than people who don't use social media. (3.82) they also tend to get lower test grades”. This shows that the impact social media had on students’ academic career is negative. With a low grade point average students feel no need to push themselves which leads to low self-motivation. Even though some may argue that Social Media has led to educational opportunities, others may argue that it is has done more damage to academics
Lymphadenopathy is the term for swelling of the lymph nodes. These are the bean-shaped organs found in the underarm, groin, neck, chest, and abdomen. They act as filters for the lymph fluid as it circulates through the body. The most common site of lymphadenopathy are the cervical lymph nodes found in the neck. The lymphatic system is part of the immune system and functions to fight infections and disease. As infection-fighting cells and fluid build up, the lymph nodes enlarge to many times their normal size. Infections, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, histiocytoses, storage diseases, benign hyperplasia, and drug reactions are causes of generalized lymphadenopathy. Sometimes, one or more lymph nodes themselves can become inflamed and enlarged, a condition called lymphadenitis. Lymph nodes can also enlarge due to cancer in the lymphatic system, such as Hodgkin disease.
A conversation between a man and a woman is very different to one between a woman and a woman or between a man and another man. Both genders have very different ways of communicating. In the essay, “Sex Lies and Conversation: Why Is It So Hard For Men And Women To Talk To Each Other”, Deborah Tannen observes the different communication styles both genders have along with the factors of linguistic battle between the sexes, listening to body language, and the sound of silence. In the text, it is evident that there is a excessive extent that these linguistic differences are a major factor in the conversations between men and women.
Leukemia is cancerous disease that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the blood-stream (National Cancer Institute, 2008, para. 1). It is one of many complicated cancer diseases that affect all ages and have very negative outcomes if not treated properly, and on time. Within the disease are several different types that affect according to how quickly the disease develops and attacks the body. It could be classified as chronic leukemia, which has a slow progress of getting worse or acute leukemia which usually gets worse quickly. The types of leukemia also can be grouped based on the white blood cell that is affected (National Cancer Institute , 2008, p. 1). The disease could either start forming in lymphoid cells or myeloid cells. When the disease forms in lymphoid cells it is called lymphoid, lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia. The disease affected by the myeloid cells is called myeloid, myelogenous or myeloblastic leukemia.
Individuals should understand that the use or nonuse of social media has negative and positive effects on their lives whether they recognize them or not. Students who excessively use social networking applications can be negatively affected because they are spending too much time on these applications rather than paying attention in class, completing homework, studying, s...
Communication plays an important role and becomes an essential part in our daily lives. Today we have taken communication to new level as social media and social networking. They have had a tremendous impacts on the word, on our culture and in business as well. Social media websites are some of the most popular on the internet, such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, etc. They are the places where people can interact with others easily and expose themselves to strangers. Our generation and the younger ones have more opportunities to grow up with the new development of technology that will shape the way they live of communicating and sharing ideas. The social media causes some problems that lead to less social interaction and negatively affect students academic, but it also brings benefit to people that creates new social connections to bring people from all over the world to be closer.
Exposing students to the power of social media in the classroom is an important part of preparing them to be active and positive digital citizens in a 21st century world. In the last two years, my own students have rapidly been drawn to Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr, and many other social networking platforms. They upload, share, and connect with others often without any regard to how their digital footprints may reflect them as individuals. Having continuous conversations with students about the choices that they make can lead to positive results. Students don't realize how powerful social media platforms can be in terms of networking, researching, and engaging in academic conversations. It makes me laugh every time I hear them whisper about my colleague Heather's or my Twitter feed. First of all kids, I can hear you. Second of all, yes, social media can be an amazing way to give and exchanged knowledge.
What is cancer? Cancer is the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells that if left untreated can ultimately cause death. The word cancer came from the Greek word for crab, karkinos. The early Greek physicians who first described cancerous tumors had no notion of their cause or true nature, but they were struck by the resemblance if some invasive tumors to crabs: a hard mass with a claw like extensions and an aggressive nature. Cancer causes about 550,000 deaths a year. Although many people believe that cancer is one disease, there are actually in fact over a 100 different forms of cancer. Some cancers can be cured, but not all of them have cures. Even though each type has its own characteristics, all cancers share one common characteristic, and that is the abnormal cell growth. These abnormal cells form tumors that invade normal tissues and disrupt body functions. Tumors are cancerous when they spread to other parts of the body. These types are called malignant, while tumors that do not have the potential to spread are called benign.
I would have to say that I’m a pretty funny person & make friends fairly easily. But sometimes i can over think the smallest situations. As I said above by the first two weeks I felt like I had known everyone. The biggest advice to incoming freshman is not to be afraid to make new friends, always be open to try new things & get involved as much as you can.
Social Media has become a very essential tool in the society; in addition, it has a huge impact on communication and learning process. Social media is defined as websites and applications used for social networking. “As of September 2013, seventy-one percent of online adult use Facebook, eighteen percent use Twitter and seventeen percent use Instagram, twenty-two percent use PInterest, and another twenty-two percent use LinkedIn. (PewReasearch, 2013). In addition, "Between February 2005 and August 2006, the use of social networking sites among young adult internet user ages eighteen and twenty-nine jumped from nine percent to forty-nine percent. The usage of social media had grown drastically.” On social media sites like these, users may develop biographical profiles, communicate with friends and strangers, do research, and share thoughts, photos, music, links, and more” (Socialnetworking.procon,2012). Social media has impacted everyone in several different ways. In this present time, majority of college student use Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Social media has a bold impact college student's grades, social interactions, and the teaching and learning process.
The popularity of social media is rapidly increasing in the last few decades. This may be due to the students of colleges and universities as well as youth is widely used for global access. Social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook have become a craze for everyone nowadays. In these cases, some students are more concerned about social media or social networks than on teaching by lecturers and will cause affected their academic performance.